C++20 for Programmers

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: C++ Fundamentals Quickstart
	Chapter 1. Introduction and Test-Driving a C++ Application
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Test-Driving a C++20 Application
	Chapter 2. Introduction to C++ Programming
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 First Program in C++: Displaying a Line of Text
		2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Program
		2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integers
		2.5 Arithmetic
		2.6 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators
		2.7 Objects Natural: Creating and Using Objects of Standard Library Class string
		2.8 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 3. Control Statements, Part 1; Intro to C++20 Text Formatting
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Control Structures
		3.3 if Single-Selection Statement
		3.4 if…else Double-Selection Statement
		3.5 while Iteration Statement
		3.6 Counter-Controlled Iteration
		3.7 Sentinel-Controlled Iteration
		3.8 Nested Control Statements
		3.9 Compound Assignment Operators
		3.10 Increment and Decrement Operators
		3.11 Fundamental Types Are Not Portable
		3.12 Objects Natural Case Study: Arbitrary Sized Integers
		3.13 C++20 Feature Mock-Up—Text Formatting with Function format
		3.14 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 4. Control Statements, Part 2
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration
		4.3 for Iteration Statement
		4.4 Examples Using the for Statement
		4.5 Application: Summing Even Integers
		4.6 Application: Compound-Interest Calculations
		4.7 do…while Iteration Statement
		4.8 switch Multiple-Selection Statement
		4.9 C++17: Selection Statements with Initializers
		4.10 break and continue Statements
		4.11 Logical Operators
		4.12 Confusing the Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators
		4.13 C++20 Feature Mock-Up: [[likely]] and [[unlikely]] Attributes
		4.14 Objects Natural Case Study: Using the miniz-cpp Library to Write and Read ZIP files
		4.15 C++20 Feature Mock-Up: Text Formatting with Field Widths and Precisions
		4.16 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 5. Functions
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Program Components in C++
		5.3 Math Library Functions
		5.4 Function Definitions and Function Prototypes
		5.5 Order of Evaluation of a Function’s Arguments
		5.6 Function-Prototype and Argument-Coercion Notes
		5.7 C++ Standard Library Headers
		5.8 Case Study: Random-Number Generation
		5.9 Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing Scoped enums
		5.10 C++11’s More Secure Nondeterministic Random Numbers
		5.11 Scope Rules
		5.12 Inline Functions
		5.13 References and Reference Parameters
		5.14 Default Arguments
		5.15 Unary Scope Resolution Operator
		5.16 Function Overloading
		5.17 Function Templates
		5.18 Recursion
		5.19 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series
		5.20 Recursion vs. Iteration
		5.21 C++17 and C++20: [[nodiscard]] Attribute
		5.22 Lnfylun Lhqtomh Wjtz Qarcv: Qjwazkrplm xzz Xndmwwqhlz
		5.23 Wrap-Up
Part 2: Arrays, Pointers, Strings and Files
	Chapter 6. arrays, vectors, C++20 Ranges and Functional-Style Programming
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 arrays
		6.3 Declaring arrays
		6.4 Initializing array Elements in a Loop
		6.5 Initializing an array with an Initializer List
		6.6 C++1 1 Range-Based for and C++20 Range-Based for with Initializer
		6.7 Setting array Elements with Calculations; Introducing constexpr
		6.8 Totaling array Elements
		6.9 Using a Primitive Bar Chart to Display array Data Graphically
		6.10 Using array Elements as Counters
		6.11 Using arrays to Summarize Survey Results
		6.12 Sorting and Searching arrays
		6.13 Multidimensional arrays
		6.14 Intro to Functional-Style Programming
		6.15 Objects Natural Case Study: C++ Standard Library Class Template vector
		6.16 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 7. (Downplaying) Pointers in Modern C++
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Pointer Variable Declarations and Initialization
		7.3 Pointer Operators
		7.4 Pass-by-Reference with Pointers
		7.5 Built-In Arrays
		7.6 C++20: Using to_array to convert a Built-in Array to a std::array
		7.7 Using const with Pointers and the Data They Point To
		7.8 sizeof Operator
		7.9 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic
		7.10 Objects Natural Case Study: C++20 spans—Views of Contiguous Container Elements
		7.11 A Brief Intro to Pointer-Based Strings
		7.12 Looking Ahead to Other Pointer Topics
		7.13 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 8. strings, string_views, Text Files, CSV Files and Regex
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 string Assignment and Concatenation
		8.3 Comparing strings
		8.4 Substrings
		8.5 Swapping strings
		8.6 string Characteristics
		8.7 Finding Substrings and Characters in a string
		8.8 Replacing Characters in a string
		8.9 Inserting Characters into a string
		8.10 C++11 Numeric Conversions
		8.11 C++17 string_view
		8.12 Files and Streams
		8.13 Creating a Sequential File
		8.14 Reading Data from a Sequential File
		8.15 C++14 Reading and Writing Quoted Text
		8.16 Updating Sequential Files
		8.17 String Stream Processing
		8.18 Raw String Literals
		8.19 Objects Natural Case Study: Reading and Analyzing a CSV File Containing Titanic Disaster Data
		8.20 Objects Natural Case Study: Introduction to Regular Expressions
		8.21 Wrap-Up
Part 3: Object-Oriented Programming
	Chapter 9. Custom Classes
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Test-Driving an Account Object
		9.3 Account Class with a Data Member and Set and Get Member Functions
		9.4 Account Class: Custom Constructors
		9.5 Software Engineering with Set and Get Member Functions
		9.6 Account Class with a Balance
		9.7 Time Class Case Study: Separating Interface from Implementation
		9.8 Compilation and Linking Process
		9.9 Class Scope and Accessing Class Members
		9.10 Access Functions and Utility Functions
		9.11 Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Arguments
		9.12 Destructors
		9.13 When Constructors and Destructors Are Called
		9.14 Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap—Returning a Reference or a Pointer to a private Data Member
		9.15 Default Assignment Operator
		9.16 const Objects and const Member Functions
		9.17 Composition: Objects as Members of Classes
		9.18 friend Functions and friend Classes
		9.19 The this Pointer
		9.20 static Class Members—Classwide Data and Member Functions
		9.21 Aggregates in C++20
		9.22 Objects Natural Case Study: Serialization with JSON
		9.23 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 10. OOP: Inheritance and Runtime Polymorphism
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes
		10.3 Relationship between Base and Derived Classes
		10.4 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes
		10.5 Intro to Runtime Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Game
		10.6 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchy
		10.7 Virtual Functions and Virtual Destructors
		10.8 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functions
		10.9 Case Study: Payroll System Using Runtime Polymorphism
		10.10 Runtime Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding “Under the Hood”
		10.11 Non-Virtual Interface (NVI) Idiom
		10.12 Program to an Interface, Not an Implementation
		10.13 Runtime Polymorphism with std::variant and std::visit
		10.14 Multiple Inheritance
		10.15 protected Class Members
		10.16 public, protected and private Inheritance
		10.17 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 11. Operator Overloading, Copy/Move Semantics and Smart Pointers
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class string
		11.3 Operator Overloading Fundamentals
		11.4 (Downplaying) Dynamic Memory Management with new and delete
		11.5 Modern C++ Dynamic Memory Management—RAII and Smart Pointers
		11.6 MyArray Case Study: Crafting a Valuable Class with Operator Overloading
		11.7 C++20 Three-Way Comparison Operator (<=>)
		11.8 Converting Between Types
		11.9 explicit Constructors and Conversion Operators
		11.10 Overloading the Function Call Operator ()
		11.11 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 12. Exceptions and a Look Forward to Contracts
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Exception-Handling Flow of Control; Defining an Exception Class
		12.3 Exception Safety Guarantees and noexcept
		12.4 Rethrowing an Exception
		12.5 Stack Unwinding and Uncaught Exceptions
		12.6 When to Use Exception Handling
		12.7 Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling
		12.8 Processing new Failures
		12.9 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy
		12.10 C++’s Alternative to the finally Block
		12.11 Libraries Often Support Both Exceptions and Error Codes
		12.12 Logging
		12.13 Looking Ahead to Contracts
		12.14 Wrap-Up
Part 4: Standard Library Containers, Iterators and Algorithms
	Chapter 13. Standard Library Containers and Iterators
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Introduction to Containers
		13.3 Working with Iterators
		13.4 A Brief Introduction to Algorithms
		13.5 Sequence Containers
		13.6 vector Sequence Container
		13.7 list Sequence Container
		13.8 deque Sequence Container
		13.9 Associative Containers
		13.10 Container Adaptors
		13.11 bitset Near Container
		13.12 Optional: A Brief Intro to Big O
		13.13 Optional: A Brief Intro to Hash Tables
		13.14 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 14. Standard Library Algorithms and C++20 Ranges & Views
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Algorithm Requirements: C++20 Concepts
		14.3 Lambdas and Algorithms
		14.4 Algorithms
		14.5 Function Objects (Functors)
		14.6 Projections
		14.7 C++20 Views and Functional-Style Programming
		14.8 Intro to Parallel Algorithms
		14.9 Standard Library Algorithm Summary
		14.10 A Look Ahead to C++23 Ranges
		14.11 Wrap-Up
Part 5: Advanced Topics
	Chapter 15. Templates, C++20 Concepts and Metaprogramming
		15.1 Introduction
		15.2 Custom Class Templates and Compile-Time Polymorphism
		15.3 C++20 Function Template Enhancements
		15.4 C++20 Concepts: A First Look
		15.5 Type Traits
		15.6 C++20 Concepts: A Deeper Look
		15.7 Testing C++20 Concepts with static_assert
		15.8 Creating a Custom Algorithm
		15.9 Creating a Custom Container and Iterators
		15.10 Default Arguments for Template Type Parameters
		15.11 Variable Templates
		15.12 Variadic Templates and Fold Expressions
		15.13 Template Metaprogramming
		15.14 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 16. C++20 Modules: Large-Scale Development
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Compilation and Linking Prior to C++20
		16.3 Advantages and Goals of Modules
		16.4 Example: Transitioning to Modules—Header Units
		16.5 Example: Creating and Using a Module
		16.6 Global Module Fragment
		16.7 Separating Interface from Implementation
		16.8 Partitions
		16.9 Additional Modules Examples
		16.10 Modules Can Reduce Translation Unit Sizes and Compilation Times
		16.11 Migrating Code to Modules
		16.12 Future of Modules and Modules Tooling
		16.13 Wrap-Up
	Chapter 17. Concurrent Programming; Intro to C++20 Coroutines [This content is currently in development.]
Part 6: Other Topics
	Chapter 18. Stream I/O; C++20 Text Formatting: A Deeper Look [This content is currently in development.]
	Chapter 19. Other Topics; A Look Toward C++23 and Contracts [This content is currently in development.]
Part 7: Appendices
	Appendix A: Operator Precedence and Grouping [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix B: Character Set [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix C: Fundamental Types [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix D: Number Systems [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix E: Preprocessor [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix F: Bits, Characters, C Strings and structs [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix G: C Legacy Code Topics [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix H: Using the Visual Studio Debugger [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix I: Using the GNU C++ Debugger [This content is currently in development.]
	Appendix J: Using the Xcode Debugger [This content is currently in development.]
Code Snippets