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ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Shaikh Saleem
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9788131763780, 9789332511149
ناشر: Pearson Education
سال نشر: 2011
تعداد صفحات: 470
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 7 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Business Environment for B.Com به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
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Cover Contents Foreword Preface About the Author Chapter 1: Business Environment Introduction Meaning and Definition Salient Features Importance of the Study Environmental Factors Social Factors Economic Factors Cultural Factors Geographical Factors Technological Factors Political Factors Legal Factors Ecological Factors The Government Policies Labour Factors Competitive Market Condition Locational Factors Business Environment and Strategic Management Risk Overview Methods of Assessing Environment Risk Managing Environment Risk Market Opportunities Distribution of Household by Income, 1990–2000 Recent Political Environment Relations with China Other Developments Domestic Developments in Trade Recent Economic and Financial Environment India Food and Drink Indian Automotives Global Economic Environment Multilateral Initiatives and Policies Case Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 2: Planning in India The Emergence of Planning The Planning Commission The National Development Council Functions Objectives of Planning in India Economic Growth Attaining Economic Equality and Social Justice Achieving Full Employment Attaining Economic Self-reliance Modernisation of Various Sectors Redressing Imbalances in the Economy Five-Year Plans First Five-Year Plan (1951–52 to 1952–56) Second Five-Year Plan (1956–57 to 1960–61) Third Five-Year Plan (1961–62 to 1965–66) Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–70 to 1973–74) Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–75 to 1978–79) Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980–81 to 1984–85) Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985–86 to 1989–90) Annual Plans (1990–91 and 1991–92) Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992–93 to 1996–97) Ninth Five-Year Plan (1997–98 to 2001–02) Distribution of Public Sector Outlay of Each Plan Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–07) Introduction Objectives Targets Growth, Equity, and Sustainability Population Quality and Productivity of Employment Resources and Other Measures Central Finances State Financing The External Sector The Financial Sector Sectoral Policy Issues Conclusion Five-Year Plans—Achievements and Failures Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–12) Objectives and Challenges A Vision for the Eleventh Plan The Strengths of Our Economy Some Major Challenges Disparities and Divides Brief Policy Approaches of the Eleventh Plan Liberalisation and Planning Case Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 3: Industrial Licensing Industrial Licensing in India Objectives of Industrial Licensing Industrial Licensing Act of 1951 The Industries (Development and Regulation [D&R]) Act of 1951 Provisions of Industries (D&R) Act of 1951 Letter of Intent Exemptions from Licensing Industrial Licensing: A Critical Approach Industrial Licensing Policy The Industries (D&R) Act of 1951 Main Provisions Industrial Licensing Policy of 1951–60 Industrial Licensing Policy of 1960–70 Industrial Licensing Policies of 1970–80 Industrial Policy Statement of 1980–90 Liberalisation in Industrial Licensing—1991 and After Policy Decisions Industrial Licensing Policy Foreign Investment Foreign Technology Agreements Public Sector MRTP Act Recent Industrial Licensing Policy Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Annexure I Proposed List of Industries to be Reserved for the Public Sector Annexure II List of Industries in Respect of Which Industrial Licensing will be Compulsory Annexure III List of Industries for Automatic Approval of Foreign Technology Agreements and for 51 Per Cent Foreign Equity Approvals Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 4: India’s Monetary and Fiscal Policy I. Monetary Policy of India Concept and Meaning of Monetary Policy Objectives of the Monetary Policy Differences Between Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy Meaning of CRR and SLR Impact of the Monetary Policy Measures to Regulate Money Supply Meaning of Some Monetary Policy Terms The Monetary Policy and IMF RBI’s Monetary Policy Measures RBI’s Monetary Policy, 2008–09 Policy Measures II. Fiscal Policy of India Concept and Meaning of Fiscal Policy Objectives of the Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy and Economic Development Techniques of Fiscal Policy Merits or Advantages of Fiscal Policy of India The Shortcomings of the Fiscal Policy of India Suggestions for Necessary Reforms in Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy Reforms Fiscal Policy Statement, 2008–09 Fiscal Policy Overview Government’s Strategy to Pursue Fiscal Consolidation Fiscal Policy—An Assessment Conclusions Case Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 5: Economic Trends I. The Indian Financial Systems Indian Money Market Concept and Meaning of Money Market The Composition of the Indian Financial System The Composition of the Indian Banking System Indian Capital Market Call Money Market Bill Market Financial System Structure of the Financial System Functions of the Indian Financial System: Promotion of Capital Formation Recent Trends in Money Market II. The Price Policy Price Movement Since Independence Price Situation During 1951–71 Price Situation During the 1970s Price Movement During Janata Rule (1977–79) Price Movement During the 1980s Price Situation During the 1990s Objectives of Price Policy Prices of Industrial Products Control of Expenditure International Prices of Select Commodities Challenges and Outlook Key Words Questions References Chapter 6: Stock Exchanges in India Concept and Meaning of Stock Exchange List of Stock Exchanges in India Types of Financial Markets SEBI and Its Role in the Secondary Market Security Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Role of SEBI in Regulating Trading in the Secondary Market Products Available in the Secondary Market Regulatory Requirements Specified by SEBI for Corporate Debt Securities Broker and Sub-broker in the Secondary Market Broker Sub-broker Agreement with the Broker or Sub-broker Risk Disclosure Document Placing Orders with the Broker or Sub-broker Brokerage that a Broker or Sub-broker Can Charge Charges Levied on the Investor by a Stockbroker/Sub-broker Securities Transaction Tax (STT) Rolling Settlement SEBI Risk Management System Redressing Investor Grievances Investor Protection Fund (IPF)/Customer Protection Fund (CPF) at Stock Exchanges The Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act of 1956 The Securities and Exchange Board of India Act of 1992 Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) Functions of Security Exchange Board of India Powers of Security Exchange Board of India Investigation Cease and Desist Proceedings Consolidate Market Regulation Under SEBI Reduce Costs Regulatory Overlaps Growth of Stock Market in India Stock Market in India and China Underperforms India’s Premium over Other EMs Plunges Where to Invest Now Key Words Questions References Chapter 7: National Income Meaning and Definition of National Income Concepts of National Income Net National Product (NNP) National Income or National Income at Factor Cost (NI) Personal Income (PI) Disposable Income (DI) National Income Estimates in India National Income After Independence NIC and CSO Estimates Methodology of National Income Estimation in India Net-product Method Net-income Method State of the Economy Per Capita Income and Consumption Economic Growth Sectoral Contribution Aggregate Demand Savings and Investments Savings Investments Trends in National Income Growth and Structure Sectoral Investment and ICOR Consumption Basket Inclusive Growth Inflation Causes for the Slow Growth of National Income in India Suggestions to Raise the Level and Growth Rate of National Income in India Major Features of National Income in India Difficulties or Limitations in the Estimation of National Income in India Key Words Questions References Chapter 8: Foreign Trade Policy and Balance of Payments Foreign Trade Policy and Balance of Payments Main Features of India’s Trade Policy Phases of India’s Trade Policy India’s Foreign Trade Policy, 1991 Rationale of Foreign Trade Policy Major Trade Reforms Assessment of the New Trade Policy Balance of Payments (BoPs) Current Account Deficit (CAD) Capital Account Deficit Other Non-debt Flows Key Words Questions References Chapter 9: Poverty in India Concept, Meaning, and Definition of Poverty People Living Under Poverty Line Causes of Poverty in India The Developmentalist View The Neoliberal View Historical Trends in Poverty Statistics Poverty and Inclusive Growth Consumption Patterns Below and Above PL Trends in Consumption Growth (Rural–Urban Disparity) Factors Responsible for Poverty Measures to Reduce Poverty Poverty Alleviation Programmes Poverty Alleviation Through Micro-credit Indian Experience Suggestions Outlook for Poverty Alleviation Controversy over the Extent of Poverty Reduction Case ICT and Rural Poverty Alleviation Case Questions Key Words Questions References Chapter 10: Unemployment in India Concept, Meaning, and Types of Unemployment Nature of Unemployment in India Disguised Unemployment or Rural Unemployment Industrial Unemployment or Urban Unemployment Educated Unemployment or White-collar Unemployment Magnitude of Unemployment Unemployment Rates by Level of Education NSS 62nd Round on Employment and Unemployment Employment in Organised Sector Employment in the Eleventh Plan Factors Responsible for Unemployment Steps to Reduce Unemployment Government Policy Measures to Reduce Unemployment Overview of Unemployment and Underemployment Unemployment Underemployment Case Literate State with the Highest Unemployment Case Questions Key Words Questions References Chapter 11: Inflation Meaning and Definition of Inflation Features of Inflationary Economy Measures of Inflation Prices as Measures of Inflation WPI—General Trends Wholesale Prices—Primary Articles Wholesale Prices—Fuel and Power Wholesale Prices—Manufactured Products WPI—Essential Commodities Essential Commodities—Retail Prices CPI and Other Price Indicators Real Estate/Housing Price Index Inflation and Developing Economies Demand-pull vs Cost-push Inflation Demand-pull Inflation Causes of Demand-pull Inflation Cost-push Inflation Causes of Inflation Effects of Inflation Economic Effects of Inflation Control of Inflation Global Inflation and India Food Price Index Forces Behind the Rise Policy Neglect Financial Speculators Implications for India Ineffective Strategy Case Calculating Inflation in India Case Questions Key Words Questions References Chapter 12: Problems of Growth Parallel Economy Review of the Various Estimates of Black Income Impact of Black Income on the Economic and Social System Corruption Factors Responsible for the Generation of Black Money A Survey of Measures Undertaken to Unearth Black Money Regional Imbalances Indicators of Regional Imbalance Causes of Economic Backwardness and Regional Imbalances Wanchoo Working Group Conclusion Social Injustice Case Case Question Key Words Questions References Chapter 13: Foreign Investment Meaning Need for Foreign Investment Adverse Implications of Foreign Investment Determinants of Foreign Investment Government Policies Pre-liberalisation Policies Liberalisation Policies Liberalisation Trends and Patterns in FDI Inflows Liberalisation and Changing Sectoral Composition of FDI Liberalisation and Changing Sources of FDI in India Liberalisation and Mode of Entry: Greenfield vs M&As FDI Inflows into India in a Comparative East Asian Perspective Impact of FDI Inflows: Some Issues Place of FDI in India: Shares in Sales, Capital Formation, and GDP FDI, Growth, and Domestic Investment Exports and BoPs R&D, Local Technological Capability, and Diffusion Firm Size, Profitability, and Efficiency FDI and the Knowledge-based Economy in India: Software and Global R&D Hub FDI and Global R&D Activity in India Policy Lessons New Policies A Comparative Statistical Outline of FDI Case Case Question Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 14: Multinational Corporations Origin Meaning Definition Objectives Reasons for the Growth of MNCs Favourable Impact of MNCs Harmful Effects of the Operations of MNCs on Indian Economy Domination of MNCs over Indian Economy Liberalisation and MNCs Assessment Future of MNCs A Critique of MNCs MNCs Deal a Blow to Domestic Companies Case 1 Ranbaxy Sellout Case Questions Case 2 Case Questions Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 15: India’s Import–Export Policies Historical Perspective Liberalisation Policy of Exim Annexure I Products Eligible for Additional Exim Scrips Entitled to 10 Percentage Points Annexure II List of Import Items to be Decanalised Annexure III List of Export Items to be Decanalised Exim Performance Import Structure Export Performance Exim Policies Five-year Exim Policy Objectives of the Exim Policy Exim Policy, 1997–02 Modified Exim Policy, April 1998 Exim Policy, 1999–2000 Exim Policy, 2000–01 Exim Policy, 2001–02 Exim Policy, 2002–07 India’s Exim Performance Trade Scenario Exports Imports Export Promotion Measures Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Impact of the SEZ Scheme Agri-export Zones (AEZs) Highlights of Foreign Trade Policy (FTP), 2004–09 Special-focus Initiatives New Export Promotion Schemes Simplification/Rationalisation/Modifications of the Ongoing Schemes Simplification of Rules and Procedures and Institutional Measures Case Case Question Summary Key Words Questions References Chapter 16: International Business Environment Nature of International Business Environment Trends in the World Trade and Economic Growth General Agreement on Tariff s and Trade (GATT) Objectives Principles General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) Principles and Obligations Scope Modes of Delivery Services Sectors and GATS Key Rules Better Access to Markets Progressive Liberalisation Intellectual Property: Protection and Enforcement of Rights International Organisations International Monetary Fund (IMF) Objectives Organisation Borrowings, Financing Facilities, and Policies Resources Financing Facilities and Policies Regular Lending Facilities Special Lending Facilities Concessional Lending Facility Review of Facilities Other IMF Policies and Procedures Conditionality Technical Assistance World Bank (WB) Resource Organisation Objectives Financing Policies WB’s Assistance to India An Evaluation of IMF–WB World Trade Organization (WTO) Emergence of WTO Objectives Areas of Negotiations WTO and India International Finance Corporation (IFC) Mission Objectives Main Features of Assistance IFC and India Asian Development Bank (ADB) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Functions Basic Principles A Review of the Functioning of UNCTAD United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) International Trade Centre (ITC) Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP) Case Case question Case analysis Key Words Questions References Chapter 17: World Trade Organization Background Meaning and Agreements Different Things to Different People Functions Institutional Characteristics Ministerial Conferences Taking Decisions Settling Disputes Principles of Trading Much in Common Provisions for Developing Countries Growing Number Need for Flexibility Trade and Development Enabling Clause Other Provisions Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Gradual Evolution Package Approach Making Trade-offs Strengths and Weaknesses The Longest of Them All The WTO Agreement What is It More than a Short Agreement Bad News and Good News Where Are We Today Liberalising Trade in Goods Industrial Goods: Tariffs Tariffs and Developed Countries Tariffs and Developing Countries Binding of Tariffs Tariffs are Bound … But Textiles—Back in the Mainstream Rules Fighting the Goods Fight Outside the System The MFA—a Derogation Back in the Mainstream Agriculture: Fairer Markets for All Outside the System Agreement on Agriculture on Centre Stage Objectives of the Agreement A Better Deal for Developing Countries Trade Remedies Key Agreements Standards and Procedures Technical Barriers to Trade Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Role for Scientific Evidence Administrative Procedures Red Tape and Trade Investment Measures Disputes Settlement Mechanisms A Dispute About What? Rapid Settlement Better than GATT Dispute Settlement Right to Appeal More is Better Ministerial Meetings When What Do They Do When and Where Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Trade-related Investment Measures (TRIMs) Non-tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Dispute Settlement Mechanism Anti-dumping Measures Subsidies Singapore Ministerial Meeting, 1996 The Singapore Issues Government Procurement Labour Standards Action for LDCs Geneva Ministerial Meeting, 1998 Seattle Ministerial Meeting, 1999 Doha Ministerial Meeting, 2001 Improving Market Access Singapore Issues to the Fore Declaration on TRIPs Trade and Environment Cancun Ministerial Meeting, 2003 Missed Deadlines Optimism Prevails No Agreement at Cancun Issues after Cancun WTO from 2005 to 2008 Geneva Package, 2004 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, December 2005 Key Outcomes and Timelines of the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration of WTO Recent WTO Proposals Conclusion Summary Key Words Questions References Glossary