Building Resilient and Healthy Cities: A Guide to Environmental Sustainability and Well-being

Scientific Committee
Acknowledgments
Contents
Introduction
	1	Healthier and Resilient Cities: Green Urbanism and Other Solutions
	References
Health and Environmental Resilience and Livability in Cities
Greening the Local Solid Waste Management Through Community Participation: Unfolding the Challenges and Creating Opportunities for Development Planning
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Literature Review
		2.1	Community Participation in Local SWM
		2.2	Greening the Local SWM
		2.3	Local SWM in the Philippines
	3	Research Method
		3.1	Research Framework
		3.2	Developed Questionnaire
		3.3	Case Study
	4	Results
		4.1	Sample Composition
		4.2	Socioeconomic Profile of the Respondents
		4.3	Familiarity, Awareness of, and Compliance with SWM Law and Local Ordinances
		4.4	Level of Community Participation in SWM Implementation
		4.5	Efficiency of Implementing the SWM Law and Initiatives to Trigger Community Participation
		4.6	Initiatives of Local Officials on SWM for Community Participation
	5	Conclusions
	References
The Role of Waste Pickers in Solid Waste Management for Sustainability in Developing Cities
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
		1.1	Urbanization and Environment
		1.2	Waste Picking in the City
	2	Environmental Role of Waste Pickers in Urban Economies and Sustainability
		2.1	Organization of Waste Pickers and the Inclusion of Public Policies
		2.2	Planning and Practicing Alternatives for Solid Waste Management
	3	Conclusion
	References
Air Pollution and Solid Waste: Promoting Green and Resilient Recovery in Nigeria
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Methodology
	3	Literature Review
	4	Indoor Air Pollution in Nigeria
	5	Relationship Between Solid Waste and Air Pollution
	6	The Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emission in Nigeria
		6.1	Access to Electricity
		6.2	Food, Agriculture, and Land Use
		6.3	Industry
		6.4	Food, Agriculture, and Landuse
		6.5	Industry
		6.6	Transportation
	7	Conclusion
	8	Recommendations
	References
Generating a Design Concept of a Multi-regulation Biomimetic Envelope as an Approach to Improving Comfort Conditions of the Built Environment
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
		1.1	Buildings’ Contribution to Global Warming
		1.2	The Century of Biology
		1.3	Methodologies for Biomimetic Design Concept Generation
		1.4	Multi-regulation in Biomimetics Envelopes
	2	Motivation of the Research
	3	Methodology
	4	Case Study
		4.1	Step 1: Defining the Design Challenge
		4.2	Step 2: Exploring Possible Scenarios and Identifying Exemplary Pinnacles
			4.2.1 Air
			4.2.2 Heat
			4.2.3 Water
		4.3	Step 3: Analyzing Selected Pinnacles
		4.4	Step 4: Deriving Imaginary Pinnacle
		4.5	Step 5: Outlining the Design Concept
	5	Results
		5.1	Air
		5.2	Heat
		5.3	Water
	6	Discussion
	7	Conclusion
	References
The Role of Architectural Heritage in Offering a More Resilient Lockdown in Egypt
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Literature Review
	3	Methodological Exploration
		3.1	Research Methodology
		3.2	Impacts of Lockdown (Problems)
		3.3	Factors of Assessment and Points of Comparison
			3.3.1 Architectural and Indoor Design
			3.3.2 Outdoor Landscape Design
			3.3.3 Materiality
			3.3.4 Environment
	4	Summary of Analysis Factors and Parameters
	5	Comparative Analysis (Two-Levelled Comparison)
		5.1	Level One: Individual Isolation
			5.1.1 Bayt Al-Suhaymi
			5.1.2 Apartment Building (Common Housing System in Egypt)
		5.2	Level Two: Mass Isolation
			5.2.1 Wekalat Bazar’a (17th Century)
			5.2.2 Typical Government School
	6	Results and Discussion
	7	Conclusion
	References
Evaluating the Summertime Overheating Signature of Domestic Buildings Using Synthetic Temperature Data
	Abstract
	Nomenclature
	1	Introduction
	2	Methods
		2.1	Simulation Tool
		2.2	Building Description
		2.3	Climate and Weather Data
		2.4	Operational Regimes
		2.5	Overheating Metrics
	3	Results
	4	Discussion
	5	Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
Calm Space, an Outdoor Escape Area: A Feasibility Study on Social Participation of Children with Autism
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
		1.1	Definition of Autism
		1.2	Social Participation of Children with ASD
	2	Designing for Autism
	3	The Role of the Escape Space
		3.1	The Definition of an Escape Space by Architectures
	4	Calm Space as an Outdoor Escape Space
	5	Methodology
		5.1	Delphi Method
		5.2	Delphi Procedure
		5.3	Questionnaire
		5.4	Consensus Criteria
		5.5	Sampling
	6	Data Analysis
		6.1	Descriptive Statistics
	7	Conclusions
	8	Research Limitations
	Appendix
	References
Landscape Assessment as a Tool for Improving Green Infrastructure Planning in Central Mexico
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Methodology
	3	Results
		3.1	Landscape Analyses’ Condition in GIC
	4	Discussion
	5	Conclusion
	References
Principles of Green Urbanism and the Transformation to a Greener Sustainable Environment
Greenification of Dense Neighborhoods Through Pocket Parks—Inspiring Small Spaces to Transform Cities: The Case Study of Tirana, Albania
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	The Problem Statement
	3	The Aim
	4	Methodology and Data Collection
	5	Pocket Park Concept
		5.1	Characteristics
		5.2	Benefits
		5.3	Funding and Management
	6	Introduction to Tirana
		6.1	A General Overview
		6.2	Development of Tirana’s Public Spaces
			6.2.1 Law 107/2014
			6.2.2 Plans and Policies
			6.2.3 The Green City Action Plan (GCAP)
			6.2.4 The Role of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
		6.3	Public Green Space Actual Situation
		6.4	Pocket Parks of Tirana
		6.5	SWOT Analysis of Pocket Parks of Tirana
		6.6	Initiatives
	7	Conclusions
	8	Outlook
	9	Lessons to Be Learned
	References
Guardians of Urban Public Spaces: How Green Markets Enhance the Notion of Sustainability
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Green Markets in Croatian Context
	3	Methodology
	4	Results and Discussion
	5	Conclusion
	References
Environmental Assessment for Sustainable Land Use in Protected Landscapes: The Case of Vesuvius National Park
	Abstract
	1	Introduction: Natural Parks Between Conservation and Development
	2	The Vesuvius National Park
	3	The Case of Sant’Anastasia
		3.1	Analysis of Sensitivities, Criticalities, Potentialities of Urban Territory
		3.2	Strategic Environmental Assessment of Urban Development
	4	Conclusions: Planning and Environmental Assessment in Protected Areas
	References
Empirical Analysis of the Impacts of the Refugee Influxes on Amman Urban Characteristics
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Pre-urban Amman: From a Roman Town to the Capital of Transjordan
	3	Research Methods
		3.1	Analysis and Data Limitation
	4	Refugee Movements and Main Expansion Areas of Amman
		4.1	Trans-Jordan and the Initial Urbanization of Amman Town: Circassian Refugees 1878–1914
			4.1.1 Socioeconomic Conditions During the Circassian Immigration
			4.1.2 Urban Characteristics of the Amman Historic Town
		4.2	The Era of Refugee Camps in Amman: The First Palestinian Refugee Wave in 1948
			4.2.1 Socioeconomic Conditions During the First Palestinian Refugee Wave
			4.2.2 Urban Characteristics of Al Wehdat Camp
		4.3	The Expansion of Amman Town into a City: The Gradient of Urbanization Between the Camp and the City 1950s–1960s
			4.3.1 Socioeconomic Conditions During 1950s–1960s Amman
			4.3.2 Urban Characteristics of Al Ashrafeyeh
		4.4	Globalization of Amman: Urban Expansion by Gulf Workers 1970s–1989
			4.4.1 Socioeconomic Conditions During 1970s–1980s Amman
			4.4.2 Urban Characteristics of Al Rawabi
		4.5	Polarization of Amman: Western Amman Expansion Following the Gulf Wars in 1994 and 2003, and Current Trends.
			4.5.1 Socioeconomic Conditions Following the Gulf Wars
			4.5.2 Urban Characteristics in Khalda
	5	Discussion
	6	Conclusions
	References
The Innovative Housing Models for Green Architecture: Come-Back of the Garden-Cities First Known as Bank-Houses in Istanbul
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Towards Healthy and Livable Housing Planning: Sustainability and Green Architecture
		2.1	The Declaration of 1996, Climate Conference, Istanbul, in the Context of the City’s Planning
	3	The Come-Back of Garden-Cities the Search for New, and Innovative Housing Models
		3.1	The Early Garden-City Models Transferred to the Istanbul From France, and Italy
		3.2	Until 2000s, The Early Models of Garden-Cities in Istanbul Developed as Bank-Houses
		3.3	After the 2000s, Developing Modern English Garden-Cities in Istanbul Countryside
		3.4	 2020s, Istanbul, Rising Demand of the Garden-City Models After the Recent Pandemic
	4	Conclusion
	References
Measuring to Evaluate Alternatives: The Carbon Footprint Calculator for Urban Planning of the Community of Madrid
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	The Specificity of the Case of the Community of Madrid
	3	Method
		3.1	Land-Use Distribution: Initial Balance
		3.2	Structure for GHG Calculation
		3.3	Key Factors of GHG Generation for Each Type of Land Use
			3.3.1 Energy Consumption: Air-Conditioning and DHW and the Rest of Activities
			3.3.2 Consumptions Derived From the Water Cycle
			3.3.3 Solid Waste Treatment
			3.3.4 Mobility
				Residential Land Use: Degree of Attraction Calculation
				Mobility in Tertiary, Industrial and Facilities Uses
		3.4	Key Factors for GHG Mitigation and Capture
	4	Results: Application for Selection Alternatives in a Case Study in Sector 11B, Alcalá de Henares, Community of Madrid
		4.1	Alternative 1: Business-as-Usual
		4.2	Alternative 2.1: Masterplan with Energy Certification a for Buildings
		4.3	Alternative 2.2: Masterplan with 0 Emissions for Air-Conditioning and Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
		4.4	Alternative 3: Masterplan with 100% Renewable or Self-Production
		4.5	Alternative 4: Masterplan with Tertiary Use Instead Residential Use
		4.6	Alternative 5: Business-as-Usual with Location in Madrid City
		4.7	Alternative 6: Business-As-Usual with Location in the Municipality of San Martín de Valdeiglesias
	5	Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
Potential Benefits of Application of Green Roofs on Buildings of Communist Period: Tirana Case Study
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Classification of the Green Roofs and Major Benefits of Use
	3	Methodology of the Research
	4	Analysis of the Case Studies
		4.1	Selection of the Apartment Blocks
		4.2	Evaluation of the Supported Green Roof Types
		4.3	Green Roof Materials and Cost Estimation
		4.4	Suggested Vegetation
	5	Discussion
	6	Conclusion
	References
CFD Study Toward Eco-Economical Tall Residential Housing in the Mediterranean Climate
	Abstract
	1	Introduction
	2	Theory/Calculation
		2.1	Tall (High-Rise) Residential Buildings
		2.2	Atrium Integrated with Evaporative Cooling System
	3	Model of Study
		3.1	Modeling
		3.2	Simulation
	4	Result and Discussion
		4.1	Interpreting Findings to Close a Research Gap
	5	Conclusion
	References
Conclusion