British Propaganda to France, 1940-1944 (International Communications)

Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Figures and Table......Page 10
Translations and Terminology......Page 11
Abbreviations......Page 12
Key Players......Page 15
Preface......Page 18
The Beginnings of British Propaganda......Page 20
France in 1940......Page 22
The Need for Propaganda to France......Page 23
From World War to World War: British Propaganda, 1914–39......Page 26
Inter-war Treatment of Propaganda......Page 28
Propaganda Planning......Page 29
Department EH......Page 31
The Special Operations Executive......Page 33
The Political Warfare Executive......Page 36
Controlling the BBC: The MOI, PWE and Problems of BBC ‘Independence’......Page 38
Internal Organisation......Page 40
Dividing the Workload......Page 41
Separation for Security: Black Propaganda......Page 43
Coordinating the Workload: Propaganda Planning and Leaflet Production......Page 44
BBC Internal Organisation: Regionalisation and Centralisation......Page 46
SOE......Page 48
The Free French......Page 49
The Americans: OWI and OSS......Page 51
Conclusion......Page 53
The Air Ministry’s Propaganda Role......Page 55
The RAF’s Attitude to Leaflet Propaganda......Page 56
Problems of Leaflet Dissemination......Page 57
Costs and Benefits of Leaflet Propaganda to the RAF......Page 59
Dissemination Data: RAF Records and Evidence from France......Page 60
RAF Claims of Leaflet Dissemination......Page 61
The Propagandists’ Targets......Page 63
Coverage According to Evidence from France......Page 68
The Scale of BBC Transmissions......Page 71
Geographical Coverage and Evidence from France......Page 72
Availability of Sets and Spares......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 75
The Fall of France......Page 77
Mers-el-K´ ebir......Page 82
Propaganda Planning, 1940–4: Defining Long-term Strategy......Page 85
Attack on the USSR......Page 89
Attack on the USA......Page 93
Bombing France and Germany, 1942......Page 101
Operation Torch and its Consequences......Page 107
Sicily and Italy......Page 114
D-Day and the Liberation of France......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 123
The Evidence......Page 126
What did the French Think?......Page 130
Covert Circulation......Page 132
German and Vichy Countermeasures......Page 134
Counterpropaganda......Page 135
What did the French Think?......Page 137
German and Vichy Countermeasures......Page 138
Countering the Countermeasures......Page 141
Counterpropaganda......Page 144
Conclusion......Page 146
5. Black Propaganda: Machinery, Method, Message and Reaction......Page 148
Distribution Methods......Page 149
Quantity and Nature: White and Grey Propaganda......Page 153
Quantity and Nature: Strictly ‘Black’ Propaganda......Page 156
Feedback......Page 160
Operation and Nature......Page 161
Feedback......Page 166
Nature and Description......Page 168
Feedback......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 173
Machinery......Page 175
Method......Page 176
Message......Page 177
Evaluating British Propaganda to France, 1940–4......Page 178
Appendix: Maps......Page 182
Notes......Page 199
A Note on the Sources......Page 225
Archival and Museum Holdings......Page 229
Books, Articles and Unpublished Research......Page 230
Websites, Television and Video Documentaries......Page 238
Index......Page 239