British Environmental Policy and Europe: Politics and Policy in Transition (Global Environmental Change Series)

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 6
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 8
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 15
Part I INTRODUCTION......Page 16
1 BRITAIN IN EUROPE......Page 17
BRITAIN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION: SEMI-DETACHMENT AND THE RELUCTANT EUROPEANS......Page 18
BRITISH ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS: TRADITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS......Page 20
British domestic environmental policy before Britain joined the Common Market......Page 21
Britain’s internationalism in the environmental field before joining the Common Market......Page 23
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY SECTOR......Page 25
ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION IN THE UK ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR......Page 29
1973–83: lack of interest and insularity......Page 30
1983–92: defensiveness and isolation: Britain the lag state?......Page 32
From 1992: environmental slow-down and converging agendas?......Page 36
THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND POLICY......Page 38
Policy making and organisational roles and relations: destabilisation and centralisation?......Page 39
Policy substance: higher standards?......Page 40
Britain and the EU......Page 41
The impact of European environmental politics and policy......Page 42
Prospects......Page 43
Part II BRITAIN’S POSITION IN EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY MAKING......Page 44
THE 1970s AND 1980s......Page 46
THE HABITATS AND SPECIES DIRECTIVE......Page 49
THE URBAN WASTE WATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE......Page 55
THE INTEGRATED POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DIRECTIVE......Page 59
THE EC FIFTH ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PROGRAMME......Page 61
EUROPEAN PROFESSIONALISM INITIATIVE IN DoE......Page 63
CONCLUSIONS......Page 65
NOTES......Page 68
3 BRITAIN AND THE EUROPEAN POLICY PROCESS......Page 69
BRITISH ACTORS AND EU ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY......Page 70
Setting the agenda......Page 72
Influencing proposals in the making......Page 74
Decision making......Page 75
CONCLUSIONS......Page 76
4 REFLECTIONS ACROSS THE CHANNEL......Page 79
TWO NATIONS, ONE EUROPE......Page 80
DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY TRADITIONS......Page 81
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AND PRIVATISATION......Page 83
CENTRALISATION, DECENTRALISATION, REGIONALISATION: TOWARDS A NEW TERRITORIALITY......Page 85
NEW NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS......Page 88
COPING WITH SOVEREIGNTY LOSS......Page 90
NOTES......Page 93
Part III INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE EUROPEAN GAME......Page 95
5 DOMESTIC WINNERS AND LOSERS......Page 97
THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE EU......Page 98
THE DIFFICULTIES OF OPERATING IN THE EUROPEAN ARENA......Page 99
SURVEY RESULTS: OVERVIEW......Page 101
Local authorities......Page 104
Statutory environmental agencies......Page 106
Environmental interest groups......Page 109
CONCLUSIONS: STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FIELD......Page 112
NOTES......Page 113
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT LOBBY......Page 115
ADAPTIVE CHANGES AT A NATIONAL LEVEL......Page 118
ADAPTIVE CHANGES: A CASE STUDY OF WWF......Page 121
ADAPTIVE CHANGES: THE BRUSSELS ENVIRONMENTAL LOBBY......Page 123
THE CHANGING CLIMATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LOBBYING IN BRUSSELS......Page 125
NOTES......Page 127
7 PUBLIC INFORMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 129
BUILDING THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (EEA): BACKGROUND......Page 132
ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND PUBLIC POLICY......Page 134
FORMATIVE INFLUENCES IN THE EEA’S ESTABLISHMENT......Page 136
THE EEA AND THE MEMBER STATES......Page 138
RATIONALISATION AND STANDARDISATION OF INFORMATION FLOWS......Page 140
CONCLUSIONS......Page 142
NOTES......Page 146
THE CHANGING RESPONSE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES......Page 148
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 150
NETWORKS......Page 152
CENTRALISATION AND SUBSIDIARITY......Page 154
THE IMPACT AND INFLUENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL DEBATE......Page 158
CONCLUSIONS......Page 161
9 BUSINESS LOBBYING ON THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 162
The early political organisation of business at the European level......Page 163
European environmental policy formation in the early years......Page 164
Bathing and drinking waters......Page 165
Increased business representation in Brussels......Page 166
European environmental policies in the 1980s......Page 167
BUSINESS AND THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL ARENA IN THE 1990s......Page 168
The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive......Page 169
The emergence of specialised European industrial lobbying associations: the example of the European Waste Waters Group......Page 170
Integrating environmental considerations into business planning and management......Page 171
Consultation with industry......Page 172
BUSINESS LOBBYING TACTICS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE WATER SECTOR......Page 173
CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
NOTES......Page 178
Part IV POLICY DEBATES: ISSUES, CONCEPTS AND INSTRUMENTS......Page 179
10 THE IMPACT ON UK ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION......Page 181
CONTEMPORARY UK ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE EMERGENT CHARACTERISTICS......Page 183
THE PRINCIPLES OF UK ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION......Page 188
THE STRUCTURES OF UK ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY......Page 193
THE STYLE OF UK ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION......Page 197
CONCLUSIONS......Page 199
NOTES......Page 201
11 WASTE MANAGEMENT......Page 203
UK WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND ADMINISTRATION FROM THE 1970s TO THE PRESENT......Page 204
KEY EU WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION......Page 210
UK INFLUENCE ON EU WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY AND LEGISLATION......Page 212
THE IMPACT OF THE EU ON UK WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 217
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 219
The UK in context......Page 222
Historical development of nature conservation......Page 223
Key characteristics of UK nature conservation......Page 225
The growing significance of the European context......Page 226
Science......Page 227
Statutory agencies......Page 229
The voluntary sector......Page 230
Legislative frameworks......Page 231
Greening the Common Agricultural Policy......Page 233
INFLUENCES OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON THE UK......Page 236
FUTURE PROSPECTS......Page 237
13 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING......Page 240
AGRICULTURE......Page 241
LANDSCAPE POLICY......Page 245
Environmental Impact Assessment......Page 247
CONCLUSION......Page 249
NOTES......Page 250
14 WATER QUALITY......Page 251
THE UK TRADITION IN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL......Page 252
EUROPEAN WATER QUALITY POLICY......Page 254
The substance of policy......Page 261
The concepts and style of policy......Page 263
Organisational relationships......Page 264
FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 266
NOTES......Page 270
15 INTEGRATING POLLUTION CONTROL......Page 271
POLLUTION CONTROL IN THE UK: THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH......Page 272
The European decade 1982–93......Page 274
The domestic agenda in the 1980s: dissatisfactions with traditional approaches......Page 275
IMPLEMENTING INTEGRATED POLLUTION CONTROL (IPC)......Page 277
The adoption of IPPC in Europe......Page 280
Key issues in integrated pollution prevention and control......Page 281
The UK’s role in developing IPPC......Page 283
European impacts on UK practice......Page 284
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 286
NOTES......Page 287
Part V CONCLUSIONS......Page 288
GOVERNMENT-EU ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONS......Page 289
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: STYLE AND SUBSTANCE......Page 292
DOMESTIC ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING......Page 296
Domestic politics and future directions: The Labour Government......Page 299
The EU agenda: towards a flexible Europe......Page 301
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 303
INDEX......Page 318