Brief CBT and Science-Based Tailoring for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (CBT: Science Into Practice)

Foreword
Contents
Chapter 1: Fresh Squeezed, into Concentrate: Brief, Intensive, and Concentrated Treatments
	References
Chapter 2: The Ethics and Experience of Brief Therapy: The Case of Exposure Therapy
	1 Exposure Therapy: A Critical Component of CBT
	2 Distinctive Features of CBT and Related Ethical Considerations
		2.1 Use of Homework and Outside-of-Session Activities
		2.2 Direction of Session Activity
		2.3 Teaching of Skills Used by Patients to Cope with Symptoms
		2.4 Emphasis on Patients’ Current and Future Experiences
		2.5 Providing Patients with Information About Their Treatment, Disorder, or Symptoms
		2.6 Cognitive (vs. Intrapersonal) Focus
	3 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Cost-Effectiveness of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Economic Evaluation
		2.1 Key Considerations Prior to Evaluation
		2.2 Types of Economic Evaluation
		2.3 Conducting Economic Evaluation
	3 Measuring Cost of Brief CBT for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults
		3.1 Type of Costs
		3.2 Costing Process
	4 Measuring Effectiveness for Use in Economic Evaluations of Brief CBT
		4.1 Disease-Specific Measures
		4.2 Generic Measures
	5 Interpreting Economic Evaluation Results
		5.1 Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER)
		5.2 Cost-Effectiveness Plane
		5.3 Willingness-to-Pay Threshold
	6 Review of Economic Evaluations of Brief CBT for Children, Adolescents, and Young People
		6.1 Overview of the Review
		6.2 Children and Adolescents with Anxiety and/or Depression
		6.3 Children and Adolescents with Specific Phobias
		6.4 Implications for Practice
		6.5 Methodology Challenges and Future Directions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4: Current State of the Science of Brief, Concentrated and Intensive Treatments
	1 Anxiety Disorders in Young People
	2 Brief, Intensive and Concentrated (BIC) Treatments for Youth Anxiety and Related Disorders
	3 Evidence for Brief, Intensive and Concentrated (BIC) Treatments for Anxiety Related Disorders
		3.1 BIC Interventions for Specific Phobias
		3.2 BIC Interventions for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
	4 Brief, Intensive and Concentrated (BIC) Interventions for Other Anxiety and Related Disorders
	5 Hypothesised Mechanisms of Therapeutic Change
		5.1 Predictors/Moderators of Treatment Outcomes for Specific Phobias (SPs)
		5.2 Predictors/Moderators of Treatment Outcomes for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
		5.3 Predictors/Moderators of Treatment Outcomes for Other Anxiety Disorders
			5.3.1 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
			5.3.2 Panic Disorder
	6 Opportunities, Advantages and Limitations of Brief Intensive Concentrated Treatments
	7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
	References
Chapter 5: Specific Phobias
	1 Introduction
	2 Nature of Specific Phobia in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
		2.1 Phenomenology
		2.2 Etiology
		2.3 Epidemiology
		2.4 Comorbidities
	3 One-Session Treatment in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
		3.1 Functional Assessment
		3.2 Massed Session
		3.3 Follow-Up and Refractory Cases
	4 Empirical Findings
		4.1 Efficacy
		4.2 Effectiveness
		4.3 Modifications, Implications, and Impact of OST
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Overview and Formulation
		5.2 Treatment Description
		5.3 Follow-Up and Recommendations for Refractory Cases
	6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6: Intensive Treatment of Childhood Selective Mutism
	1 Nature of Selective Mutism
	2 Extant Treatments for Childhood Selective Mutism
	3 Nature of Intensive Group Behavioral Treatment (IGBT) for SM
	4 IGBT for SM: Core Components and Considerations
		4.1 Child Directed Interaction
		4.2 Verbal Directed Interaction
			4.2.1 Types of Questions in VDI
			4.2.2 VDI Sequences
		4.3 Promoting and Shaping Verbal Behavior
			4.3.1 Stimulus Fading
			4.3.2 Reinforcement
			4.3.3 Shaping Strategies
		4.4 Preparing to Participate in an IGBT for SM
			4.4.1 Initial Assessment
			4.4.2 Fade-in for IGBT
		4.5 Developing the IGBT Structure
			4.5.1 Warm Up with Paired Clinician
			4.5.2 Personalizing Exposure Tasks
			4.5.3 Analog School Setting to Promote Generalization
			4.5.4 Generalization to Public Settings
			4.5.5 Caregiver Training
	5 Supporting Literature on IGBT for SM
	6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7: Intensive Treatments for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
	1 Introduction and Epidemiology
		1.1 Characteristics
		1.2 Impairment
	2 Evidence-Based Treatments
		2.1 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
		2.2 Pharmacotherapy
	3 Brief Intensive Treatments
		3.1 Intensive Family-Based CBT
		3.2 5-Day Intensive Treatment
		3.3 Bergen 4-Day Treatment
		3.4 Prolonged Intensive ERP
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Presenting Concerns
		4.2 Symptom History
		4.3 Assessment
		4.4 Case Conceptualization
			4.4.1 Problems
			4.4.2 Mechanisms
			4.4.3 Origins
			4.4.4 Precipitants
		4.5 Treatment Approach
			4.5.1 Session 1
			4.5.2 Session 2
			4.5.3 Session 3–13
			4.5.4 Session 14
			4.5.5 Follow-Up
		4.6 Considerations for Providing Religiously and Culturally Sensitive ERP
		4.7 Recommendations for Refractory Cases
	5 Future Directions
	References
Chapter 8: Using Summer Camps as Opportunities to Provide Brief Interventions
	1 Unique Benefits to Therapeutic Summer Camps
	2 Currently Available Therapeutic Summer Camps
	3 Theoretical Underpinnings for Potential Mechanisms of Change
		3.1 Peer Support
		3.2 Social Learning
		3.3 Behavioral Activation
		3.4 Habituation and Inhibitory Learning
	4 Empirical Research into Effectiveness
	5 Recommended Inclusion Criteria for Campers
	6 Recommended Exclusion Criteria for Campers
	7 Limitations of Therapeutic Summer Camps
	8 Future Directions
	9 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Brief Therapy for Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder
	1 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
	2 Exposure Therapy
	3 Age and Cultural Considerations
	4 Promoting Independence and Self-Efficacy
	5 A Disorder-Specific Combination Treatment for Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder
	6 Exposure Implementation Guidance
	7 Challenging Therapy Situations
	8 Case Study
	9 Chapter Summary
	References
Chapter 10: Brief Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder
	1 Nature of Social Anxiety Disorder
	2 Treatment Considerations in Social Anxiety Disorder
	3 Treatment Targets in Social Anxiety Disorder
		3.1 Beliefs and Negative Self-images
		3.2 Anticipatory and Post-event Processing
		3.3 Biases in Attention and Threat Appraisal
		3.4 Behavioural Avoidance and Safety Behaviours
		3.5 Social Skills and Social Performance
	4 Current Evidence-Based Treatments
	5 Importance and Outcomes of Brief Intervention Programs for SAD
	6 Case Study of a Treatment Protocol
	7 Conclusions and Future Directions
	References
Chapter 11: Brief and/or Intensive Parent Training
	1 Introduction
	2 Brief BPT
	3 Brief and Intensive BPT
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Intervention Description and Adaptation
		4.2 Presenting Complaints
		4.3 Assessment and Case Conceptualization
		4.4 Treatment Description and Assessment of Progress
	5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 12: Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Health Conditions
	1 Models of Brief Interventions and Healthcare Delivery
		1.1 Consultation/Liaison Model
		1.2 Integrated Primary Care
	2 Multicultural Insights
	3 Brief Interventions for Common Presenting Problems and Health Conditions
		3.1 Pain Management
		3.2 Promoting Resilience
		3.3 Sleep Problems and Disorders
		3.4 Endocrinopathies and Obesity
		3.5 Medical Traumatic Stress and Critical Care
		3.6 Pill Swallowing
	4 Case Study
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 13: Digital Single-Session Interventions for Youth Mental Health
	1 The Treatment Gap and Need for Accessible Care
	2 Introduction to Single-Session Interventions (SSIs)
	3 Harnessing Digital, Self-Administered SSIs to Narrow the Treatment Gap
	4 State of the Evidence on Digital SSIs for Youth and Young Adult Mental Health
		4.1 Overall Trends in Digital Mental Health SSIs from 2005 to 2023
		4.2 Depression and Mood Symptoms
		4.3 Anxiety Symptoms
		4.4 Substance Use
		4.5 Other Symptoms
		4.6 Commonalities Across Effective SSIs: Considering the B.E.S.T. Elements
	5 Pathways for Targeted Dissemination and Implementation of SSIs
		5.1 SSI Dissemination in Healthcare Settings
		5.2 SSI Dissemination in School Settings
		5.3 SSI Dissemination in Online Settings
	6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 14: Integrating Pharmacotherapy into Brief Interventions for Child and Adolescent Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Degree of Functional Impairment Warranting Rapid Titration
	3 Specific Conditions and Medication Management
		3.1 Anxiety
			3.1.1 Duloxetine
			3.1.2 Venlafaxine
			3.1.3 Sertraline
			3.1.4 Fluoxetine
			3.1.5 Paroxetine
			3.1.6 Benzodiazepines, Buspirone, and Hydroxyzine
		3.2 Major Depressive Disorder
			3.2.1 SSRIs
			3.2.2 Other Treatment Considerations
		3.3 Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
			3.3.1 Mood Stabilizers
			3.3.2 Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGA)
		3.4 Autism
			3.4.1 Guanfacine
			3.4.2 Clonidine
			3.4.3 Stimulants
			3.4.4 Cariprazine
			3.4.5 Aripiprazole
			3.4.6 Risperidone
			3.4.7 Clozapine
		3.5 Psychosis
			3.5.1 Haloperidol
			3.5.2 Olanzapine
			3.5.3 Clozapine
	4 Suicide and Self-Harm
	5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15: Suicide and Crisis Intervention
	1 Evidence-Based Interventions for Youth Suicidal Behavior
	2 Theoretical Foundations of BCBT in Conceptualizing Suicide
	3 Brief CBT for Youth Suicidal Behavior: An Overview
		3.1 Session 1 (Assessment, Case Conceptualization, Crisis Response Planning)
		3.2 Sessions 2–5 (Targeting of Baseline Behavioral Risk Factors)
		3.3 Sessions 6–10 (Targeting of Baseline Cognitive Risk Factors)
		3.4 Sessions 11–12 (Relapse Prevention)
	4 BCBT for Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: A Brief Case Example
	5 Conclusions and Next Steps
	References
Chapter 16: Use of Technology in Brief Interventions
	1 Types of Technology Enabled Interventions
	2 The Evidence Base
		2.1 A Panoramic Overview
		2.2 Intervention-Specific Evidence
		2.3 Mechanisms of Change
		2.4 Economic Evidence
	3 Challenges and Limitations
		3.1 The Design Challenge
		3.2 The Evaluation Challenge
		3.3 The Engagement Challenge
		3.4 The Digital Divide
	4 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 17: Multicultural Findings and Considerations from Brief Interventions
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CaCBT)
		1.2 Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT)
		1.3 Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI)
		1.4 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
		1.5 Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT)
		1.6 Behavioral Approaches
	2 Summary
	3 Discussion and Future Directions
	References
Chapter 18: Brief and Intensive Treatments: Slow and Low Is Not the Tempo
	References
Index