Bridge Engineering Handbook: Volume III

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Foreword
Preface
Editors
List of Contributors
Table of Contents
Section V: Construction and Maintenance
	45 Steel Bridge Construction
		45.1 Introduction
		45.2 Construction Engineering in Relation to Design Engineering
		45.3 Construction Engineering Can be Critical
		45.4 Premises and Objectives of Construction Engineering
		45.5 Fabrication and Erection Information Shown on Design Plans
		45.6 Erection Feasibility
		45.7 Illustrations of Challenges in Construction Engineering
		45.8 Obstacles to Effective Construction Engineering
		45.9 Examples of Inadequate Construction Engineering Allowances and Effort
		45.10 Considerations Governing Construction Engineering Practices
		45.11 Camber Considerations
		45.12 Two General Approaches to Fabrication and Erection of Bridge Steelwork
		45.13 Example of Arch Bridge Construction
		45.14 Which Construction Procedure is to be Preferred?
		45.15 Example of Suspension Bridge Cable Construction
		45.16 Example of Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction
		45.17 Field Checking at Critical Erection Stages
		45.18 Determination of Erection Strength Adequacy
		45.19 Philosophy of the Erection Rating Factor
		45.20 Minimum Erection Rating Factors
		45.21 Deficiencies of Typical Construction Procedure Drawings and Instructions
		45.22 Shop and Field Liaison by Construction Engineers
		45.23 Comprehensive Bridge Erection-Engineering Specifications
		45.24 Standard Conditions for Contracting
		45.25 Design-and-Construct
		45.26 Construction Engineering Procedures and Practices — the Future
		45.27 Concluding Comments
		45.28 Further Illustrations
	46 Concrete Bridge Construction
		46.1 Introduction
		46.2 Effective Construction Engineering
		46.3 Construction Project Management
		46.4 Major Construction Considerations
		46.5 Structural Materials
		46.6 Construction Operations
		46.7 Falsework
	47 Substructures of Major Overwater Bridges
		47.1 Introduction
		47.2 Large Diameter Tubular Piles
		47.3 Cofferdams for Bridge Piers
		47.4 Open Caissons
		47.5 Pneumatic Caissons
		47.6 Box Caissons
		47.7 Present and Future Trends
	48 Bridge Construction Inspection
		48.1 Introduction
		48.2 Inspection Objectives and Responsibilities
		48.3 Material Inspection
		48.4 Operation Inspection
		48.5 Component Inspection
		48.6 Temporary Structures
		48.7 Safety
		48.8 Record Keeping and As-Built Plans
		48.9 Summary
	49 Maintenance Inspection and Rating
		49.1 Introduction
		49.2 Maintenance Documentation
		49.3 Fundamentals of Bridge Inspection
		49.4 Inspection Guidelines
		49.5 Fundamentals of Bridge Rating
		49.6 Superstructure Rating Examples
		49.7 Posting of Bridges
	50 Strengthening and Rehabilitation
		50.1 Introduction
		50.2 Lightweight Decks
		50.3 Composite Action
		50.4 Improving the Strength of Various Bridge Members
		50.5 Post-Tensioning Various Bridge Components
		50.6 Developing Additional Bridge Continuity
		50.7 Recent Developments
		50.8 Summary
Section VI: Special Topics
	51 Applications of Composites in Highway Bridges
		51.1 Introduction
		51.2 Material Properties
		51.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites in Bridge Applications
		51.4 Pultruded Composite Shapes and Composite Cables
		51.5 FRP Reinforcing Bars for Concrete
		51.6 Composite Bridge Decks
		51.7 Wearing Surface for a Composite Deck
		51.8 Composite Bridge Structural Systems
		51.9 Column Wrapping Using Composites
		51.10 Strengthening of Bridge Girders Using CFRP Laminates
		51.11 Composite Highway Light Poles
		51.12 Nondestructive Evaluation of Composite Bridge Systems
		51.13 Summary
	52 Effective Length of Compression Members
		52.1 Introduction
		52.2 Isolated Columns
		52.3 Framed Columns — Alignment Chart Method
		52.4 Modifications to Alignment Charts
		52.5 Framed Columns — Alternative Methods
		52.6 Crossing Frame System
		52.7 Latticed and Built-Up Members
		52.8 Tapered Columns
		52.9 Summary
	53 Fatigue and Fracture
		53.1 Introduction
		53.2 Redundancy, Ductility, and Structural Collapse
		53.3 Fatigue Resistance
		53.4 Fracture Resistance
		53.5 Summary
	54 Statistics of Steel Weight of Highway Bridges
		54.1 Introduction
		54.2 Design Criteria
		54.3 Data Base of Steel Weights
		54.4 Statistics of Steel Weights
		54.5 Regression Equations
		54.6 Comparisons
		54.7 Assessment of Bridge Design
		54.8 Summary
	55 Weigh-in-Motion Measurement of Trucks on Bridges
		55.1 Introduction
		55.2 Weigh-in-Motion Truck Weight Measurement
		55.3 Fatigue Load Measurement
		55.4 Dynamic Load Measurement
		55.5 Summary
	56 Impact Effect of Moving Vehicles
		56.1 Introduction
		56.2 Consideration of Impact Effect in Highway Bridge Design
		56.3 Consideration of Impact Effect in Railway Bridge Design
		56.4 Free Vibration Analysis
		56.5 Forced Vibration Analysis Under Moving Load
	57 Wind Effects on Long-Span Bridges
		57.1 Introduction
		57.2 Winds and Long-Span Bridges
		57.3 Experimental Investigation
		57.4 Analytical Solutions
		57.5 Practical Applications
	58 Cable Force Adjustment and Construction Control
		58.1 Introduction
		58.2 Determination of Designed Cable Forces
		58.3 Adjustment of the Cable Forces
		58.4 Simulation of Construction Process
		58.5 Construction Control
		58.6 An Engineering Example
	59 Active Control in Bridge Engineering
		59.1 Introduction
		59.2 Typical Control Configurations and Systems
		59.3 General Control Strategies and Typical Control Algorithms
		59.4 Case Studies
		59.5 Remarks and Conclusions
	60 Vessel Collision Design of Bridges
		60.1 Introduction
		60.2 Initial Planning
		60.3 Waterway Characteristics
		60.4 Vessel Traffic Characteristics
		60.5 Collision Risk Analysis
		60.6 Vessel Impact Loads
		60.7 Bridge Analysis and Design
		60.8 Bridge Protection Measures
		60.9 Conclusions
	61 Bridge Hydraulics
		61.1 Introduction
		61.2 Bridge Hydrology and Hydraulics
		61.3 Bridge Scour
	62 Sound Walls and Railings
		62.1 Sound Walls
		62.2 Bridge Railings
Section VII: Worldwide Practice
	63 Bridge Design Practice in China
		63.1 Introduction
		63.2 Beam Bridges
		63.3 Arch Bridges
		63.4 T-Type and Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges
		63.5 Steel Bridges
		63.6 Cable-Stayed Bridges
		63.7 Suspension Bridges
	64 Design Practice in Europe
		64.1 Introduction
		64.2 Design
		64.3 Short- and Medium-Span Bridges
		64.4 Long-Span Bridges
		64.5 Large Projects
		64.6 Future European Bridges
	65 Design Practice in Japan
		65.1 Design
		65.2 Stone Bridges
		65.3 Timber Bridges
		65.4 Steel Bridges
		65.5 Concrete Bridges
		65.6 Hybrid Bridges
		65.7 Long-Span Bridges (Honshu–Shikoku Bridge Project)
		65.8 New Bridge Technology Relating to Special Bridge Projects
		65.9 Summary
	66 Design Practice in Russia
		66.1 Introduction
		66.2 Historical Evolution
		66.3 Modern Development
		66.4 Design Theory and Methods
		66.5 Inspection and Test Techniques
		66.6 Steel and Composite Bridges
		66.7 Concrete Bridges
		66.8 Cable-Stayed Bridges
		66.9 Prospects
	67 The Evolution of Bridges in the United States
		67.1 Introduction
		67.2 Early U.S. Bridges
		67.3 The Canal Era
		67.4 The Railroad Era
		67.5 The Motor Car Era
		67.6 The Interstate Era
		67.7 Era of the Signature Bridge
		67.8 Epilogue
Index