Bridge design and evaluation: LRFD and LRFR

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
 1.1 Bridge Engineering and Highway Bridge Network......Page 19
 1.2 Types of Highway Bridges......Page 20
 1.3 Bridge Construction and Its Relation to Design......Page 25
 1.4 AASHTO Specifications and Design and Evaluation Methods......Page 27
 1.6 Preliminary Design versus Detailed Design......Page 29
 1.7 Organization of This Book......Page 30
 References......Page 32
 2.1 General Requirements......Page 33
 2.2 Limit States......Page 34
  2.2.1 General Formulation of Limit State Load Combination......Page 35
  2.2.5 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State......Page 37
 2.3 Constructability......Page 38
 2.4 Safety......Page 39
  2.4.1 Uncertainty in Design and Evaluation......Page 40
  2.4.2 Modeling Uncertainty Using Probability Theory......Page 41
  2.4.3 Reliability Index for Quantifying Bridge Reliability or Safety......Page 42
  2.4.4 Reliability Considerations for Bridge Design and Evaluation (Load Rating)......Page 44
  2.4.5 Calibration for AASHTO LRFD Specifications......Page 46
  2.4.6 Determination of Load and Resistance Factors for AASHTO LRFD Specifications......Page 47
  2.4.7 Calibration for AASHTO LRFR Specifications......Page 48
 2.5 Serviceability......Page 49
  2.5.1 Clearance......Page 50
  2.5.2 Durability......Page 51
  2.5.3 Maintainability......Page 52
  2.5.4 Rideability......Page 54
  2.5.5 Deformation Control......Page 55
  2.5.7 Allowance for Future Widening......Page 58
 2.7 Economy......Page 59
 2.8 Aesthetics......Page 60
 2.9 Summary......Page 62
 Problems......Page 63
 3.1 Introduction......Page 65
  3.2.1 Dead Loads DC, DW, and DD......Page 66
  3.2.2 Permanent Earth Loads EH, EV, and ES......Page 74
 3.3 Transient Loads......Page 81
  3.3.1 Vehicle-Related Transient Loads......Page 82
  3.3.2 Non-Vehicle-Related Transient Loads......Page 94
  3.4.1 General Formulation of Load Combination......Page 101
  3.4.2 Strength Limit States and Load Factors......Page 103
  3.4.3 Extreme-Event Limit States and Load Factors......Page 105
  3.4.4 Service Limit States and Load Factors......Page 107
  3.4.5 Fatigue Limit States......Page 108
 Problems......Page 110
 4.1 Introduction......Page 119
  4.2.1 Beam Bridges......Page 121
  4.2.3 Arch Bridges......Page 122
  4.2.5 Suspension Bridge Systems......Page 123
 4.3 Primary Components of Highway Bridge Superstructure......Page 124
 4.4 Deck Systems......Page 128
  4.4.1 Reinforced Concrete Slab System......Page 129
  4.4.2 Timber Deck System......Page 135
  4.4.3 Metal Grid Deck System......Page 136
  4.4.4 Orthotropic Steel Deck System......Page 137
  4.4.5 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Deck System......Page 138
 4.5 Deck-Supporting Systems......Page 139
  4.5.1 Prestressed Concrete Beams......Page 140
  4.5.2 Steel Beams......Page 144
  4.5.4 Steel Trusses......Page 151
  4.5.6 Steel Arches......Page 152
 4.6 Design of Reinforced Concrete Deck Slabs......Page 153
  4.6.3 Traditional Design......Page 154
  4.6.4 Dead- and Live-Load Effects for Interior Bays......Page 155
  4.6.5 Strength I and Service I Limit State Design for Interior Bays......Page 157
  4.6.7 Concepts for Deck Overhang Design......Page 171
  4.6.8 Design Case 1 Load (Transverse CT) under Extreme-Event II Limit State......Page 187
  4.6.9 Design Case 2 Load (Vertical CT) under Extreme-Event II Limit State......Page 188
  4.7.1 Dead-Load Effects......Page 195
  4.7.2 Live-Load Effects......Page 197
  4.7.3 Section Proportioning......Page 250
  4.7.5 Flexural Strength Design under Strength I Limit State......Page 251
  4.7.6 Shear Strength Design under Strength I Limit State......Page 252
  4.7.7 Service Limit State Design......Page 254
  4.7.8 Load-Induced Steel Fatigue and Fatigue Limit State......Page 256
  4.7.9 Shear Stud Design......Page 260
  4.7.10 Constructability Check......Page 264
 4.8 Design of Prestressed Concrete I Beams......Page 265
  4.8.1 Concepts of Prestressed Concrete Beams for Bridge Construction......Page 267
  4.8.2 Dead-Load Effects......Page 272
  4.8.3 Live-Load Effects......Page 273
  4.8.4 Stress Limit Design......Page 305
  4.8.5 Strength I Limit State Design for Moment and Shear......Page 311
 Problems......Page 318
 5.1 Introduction......Page 321
  5.2.1 Bearing Types According to Function......Page 322
  5.2.2 Bearing Types According to Material......Page 328
  5.2.3 Bearing Types According to Characteristic Shape......Page 330
 5.3 Appropriate Selection of Bearings......Page 331
 5.4 Design of Elastomeric Bearings......Page 332
  5.4.1 Method B......Page 333
  5.4.2 Method A......Page 347
 Problems......Page 351
 6.1 Introduction......Page 353
 6.2 Piers......Page 358
  6.2.1 Single-Column Piers......Page 359
  6.2.2 Multicolumn Piers......Page 360
  6.2.3 Wall Piers......Page 362
 6.3 Abutments......Page 364
 6.4 Foundations......Page 367
  6.4.1 Spread Footings......Page 368
  6.4.3 Drilled Shafts......Page 369
  6.5.1 Loads on Piers......Page 371
  6.5.2 Limit States for Piers......Page 372
  6.5.3 Pier Protection......Page 373
  6.6.1 Loads on Abutments......Page 375
  6.6.3 Section Propotioning and Reinforcement Design for Abutments......Page 392
  6.6.4 Design of Wingwalls......Page 401
  6.6.5 Integral Abutments......Page 410
 Problems......Page 411
 7.1 Introduction......Page 413
 7.2 Inspection and Condition Rating......Page 415
 7.3 Load Rating......Page 419
  7.3.1 Flexibility in Reference Truck and Resulting Level of Load Rating......Page 421
  7.3.2 Resistance Updating in Load Rating......Page 432
  7.4.1 Infinite Remaining Fatigue Life......Page 434
  7.4.2 Finite Remaining Fatigue Life......Page 435
 Problems......Page 437
Index......Page 439