Breaking Through: Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Understanding Sovereignty and Security in the Circumpolar Arctic: An Introduction
	What Are (Arctic) Sovereignty and Security?
	Seeking Better Understanding
	NOTES
1 In Search of Polar Sovereignty, 1900–1959
	A Bipolar Understanding
	“Far from Settled”: Polar Sovereignty and the Ambiguous Principles of Territorial Acquisition
	State Policy in an Anomalous Legal Space
	The Search for Sovereignty Continues
	NOTES
2 The Gentlemen’s Agreement: Sovereignty, Defence, and Canadian–American Diplomacy in the Arctic
	Defining Canadian Sovereignty
	Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
	Early Submarine Voyages
	The SS Manhattan Rocks the Boat
	Fitting Under-Ice Defence into the Equation
	The Polar Sea
	Conclusion
	NOTES
3 Arctic Security and Sovereignty through a Media Lens: From a Pile of Frozen Rocks to the Bottom of the Sea
	A First Crisis: Hans Island
	A Second Crisis: USS Charlotte
	A Third Crisis: To the Bottom of the Sea
	Conclusion
	NOTES
4 Understanding Arctic Security: A Defence of Traditional Security Analysis
	Traditional/Narrow Security
	Understanding the Issue
	The Return of Hard Politics and the Need for a Traditional Understanding of Arctic Security
	Conclusion
	NOTES
5 National Security and the High North: Post–Cold War Arctic Security Policy in Norway
	History and the High North
	Post–Cold War Northern Security
	The Two Pillars of Norwegian Arctic Security
	Conclusion
	NOTES
6 Russia and Arctic Security: Inward-Looking Realities
	Threat Perceptions and Security Doctrines
	Hard Security Strategy
	Soft Security Agenda
	Conclusions
	NOTES
7 Toward a Comprehensive Approach to Canadian Security and Safety in the Arctic
	Setting the Context: “Sovereignty on Thinning Ice” and “New” Security Threats
	“Defending Sovereignty”: Militant Sovereignty and Security Rhetoric, 2005–2007
	Toward a Comprehensive Approach: The Emergence of New Narratives, 2008–2015
	The Canadian Military: Downplaying Conventional Defence Threats and Articulating a “Whole of Government” Role
	Conclusion
	NOTES
8 One Arctic? Northern Security in Canada and Norway
	Security Regions
	Arctic Security
	Norway’s High North
	Northern Canada
	Two Arctics
	Conclusion
	NOTES
9 Understanding the Recent History of Energy Security in the Arctic
	What Kind of Energy Security?
	The Importance of Historical Contingency
	Energy Security and the Arctic
	Conclusion
	NOTES
10 Human Insecurities of Marginalized Peoples in the Arctic: The Cost of Arctic and Nordic Exceptionalism
	Security Discourses in the Arctic
	Whose Exceptionalism?
	Human Security
	Feminist and Intersectional Approaches to Security
	Human Insecurity in the Arctic – from Indigenous to Afghan Insecurities
	NOTES
11 Addressing Inequalities in the Arctic: Food Security in Nunavut
	Nunavut and a Right to Food
	Nunavut’s Policies and Action on Food Security
	Inuit Rights, Food Security, and Sovereignty
	Conclusion
	NOTES
12 The Transformative Power of “Security” Talk
	The New Arctic
	To Think with “Security”
	Climate Change Insecurity: Kivalina
	Food Security
		Food Insecurity in Nunavut
		Food Security in Alaska
	Conclusion
	NOTES
Afterword: Sovereign Futures in an Insecure Arctic
	Conclusion
	NOTES
Contributors
Index