Bone Tumors. Diagnosis and Therapy Today

Preface
Contents
Introduction
1 Introduction
	Abstract
	Clinical Study of Bone Tumors
	Primitive Bone Tumors
	Symptoms and Signs of Bone Tumors
		Pain
		Swelling
		Disability
		Spontaneous Fractures
	Diagnosis of Bone Tumors
		Brief of the Procedure of Diagnosis
		Bone Biopsy
	Classification of Bone Tumors
	Staging
	References
Tumors Forming Bone Tissue
2 Osteomas
	Abstract
	Skull and Face Osteomas
	References
3 Osteoid Osteoma
	Abstract
	Etiology
	Pathological Anatomy
	Macroscopic Anatomy
	Microscopic Anatomy
	Clinical Study
	Radiology
	Treatment
	References
4 Osteoblastoma
	Abstract
	Definition
	Epidemiology
	Locations
	Genetics
	Clinical Manifestation
	Imaging
	Pathology
	Differential Diagnosis
	Treatment
	References
5 Osteosarcoma
	Abstract
	Anato-Pathological Study
	First Category (Type I) Prognosis Relatively Favorable
	Second Category (Type II)
	Third Category (Type III) 
	Clinical Study, Diagnosis and Prognosis
		Sex
		Location of the Osteosarcoma
		Development of the Tumor
		Symptomatology
		Radiological Aspects (TAC, MRI, Arteriography, Scintigraphy)
		Biological Signs
		Special Anatomoclinical Forms
	The Metastasis
		The Detectable Metastasis
		The Non Perceptible Disease
	Virologic and Immunologic Study
	Therapy
		Direct Methods on the Bone: Radical Surgery
		The Associated Methods to the Non Perceptible Sickness
		Interferon
		Immunotherapy
		Therapy of Perceptible Metastasis
	The Juxtacortical Osteosarcoma
	References
Lesions Forming Cartilage
6 Osteochondroma and Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas
	Abstract
	Definition
	Epidemiology
	Locations
	Etiology and Pathogenesis
	Pathology
	Natural History
	Clinical Manifestation
	Other Imaging Techniques
	Differential Diagnosis
	References
7 Enchondroma
	Abstract
	Definition
	Clinical Presentation
	Imaging and Evaluation
	Pathology and Genetics
	Treatment
	Enchondromatosis
	References
8 Chondromyxoid Fibroma
	Abstract
	Etiology
	Gross Anatomy
	Pathogenesis and Nosology
	Clinical Study
	Radiological Study
	Natural History
	Treatment
	References
9 Chondroblastoma
	Abstract
	Etiology
	Pathological Anatomy
		Gross Anatomy
		Microscopic Anatomy
	Clinical Study
	Radiological Study
	Evolution
		Treatment
	Surgical Treatment of Chondroblastoma
	References
10 Chondrosarcoma
	Abstract
	Definition
	Imaging
		Pathology
		Macroscopy
		Histopathology
	Grades of Chondrosarcoma
	Differential Diagnosis
		Chondroma
		Chondrosarcoma
	Assessment of Chondrosarcomas
	Molecular Biology
	Chondrosarcoma Variants
		I: Periosteal Chondrosarcoma
		II: Mesenchymal Chondrosarcomas
		III: Clear Cell Chondrosarcomas
		IV: Osseus Mixoid Chondrosarcoma
	Treatment
		Case 1
		Case 2
		Treatment
		Case 3
		Surgical Treatment
	Pelvic Chondrosarcoma
	References
Giant Cell Tumor
11 Giant Cell Tumors
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Histopathology
	Clinical Features
	Imaging
	Treatment
	References
Ewing’s Sarcoma
12 Ewing’s Sarcoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Diagnosis
	Imaging
		X-Rays
		Computed Tomography (CT/CAT Scan)
		Magnetic Resonnance Imaging (MRI)
		Blood Tests
		Biopsy
	Macroscopic Aspect
	Microscopic Aspect
		Immuno-Histochemistry
		Cytogenetics
	Staging
	Treatment
		Chemotherapy
		Local Treatment
		Surgery
			Resection
			Reconstruction
	Radiation Therapy
	Prognosis Factors
		Pre-treatment Factors
		Post-treatment Factors
	Summary of Treatments According to Specific Situations
		Localized Disease
		Metastatic Sarcoma
		Recurring Ewing’s Sarcoma
	References
Vascular Bone Tumors
13 Hemangioma
	Abstract
	Clinical Presentation
	Imaging
	Treatment
	References
14 Hemangiosarcoma or Angiosarcoma
	Abstract
	Imaging
	Histology
	Treatment
	References
15 Hemangiopericitoma
	Abstract
	Imaging
	Histology
	Treatment
	References
Bone Tumors of Conjunctive Tissue
16 Desmoid Fibroma
	Abstract
	Imaging
	Macroscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Differential Diagnosis
	References
17 Fibrosarcoma
	Abstract
	Imaging
	Macroscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Differential Diagnosis
	Treatment
	References
18 Lipoma
	Abstract
	Macroscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Differential Diagnosis
	Imaging
	Treatment
	References
19 Liposarcoma
	Abstract
	Macroscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Pathology
	Microscopic Differential Diagnosis
	Treatment
	References
20 Fibrous Dysplasia
	Abstract
	Clinical Symptoms
	Rx Imaging
	Scintigraphy (with Tc99)
	Magnetic Resonance
	Histology
	Diferential Diagnosis
	Treatment
	References
21 Osteofibrous Dysplasia
	Abstract
	Clinical Symptoms
	Imaging
	Adamantinoma
	Fibrous Dysplasia
	Treatment
	References
22 Non Ossifying Fibroma
	Abstract
	Reference
Pseudotumorals Lesions
23 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Epidemiology
	Location
	Long Bones
		Spine
		Pelvis
		Sacrum
	Etiopathogeny
	Clinical Features
	Imaging
		Radiographic Classification of ABC
		Angiography
		Tomodensitometry
		Magnetic Resonance Imaging
		Technetium Bone Scan
	Differential Diagnosis
		Simple Bone Cyst
		Eosinophilic Granuloma
		Non Ossifying Fibroma
		Fibrous Dysplasia
		Chondromyxoid Fibroma
		Giant Cell Tumor
		Telangiectasic Osteosarcoma
	Pathology
		Gross Anatomy
		Histological Aspect
		Cellular Component
		Fibrillar Component
		Osteoid Component
	Natural History
		Spontaneous Healing
		Fracture Risk
		Malignant Transformation
		Growth Perturbation
		Treatment
		Radiotherapy
		Selective Embolization
		Ethibloc® Injection
		Alcohol
		Cryotherapy
		Surgical Curettage
		Percutaneous Injections
		Calcitonin and Methylprednisolone
		Calcium Sulfate
		Sclerotherapy by Polidocanol Injection
	Factors for Recurrence After Treatment
		Young Patients
		Male Sex
		Location
		Stage
	Histology
	Conclusion
	References
24 Unicameral Bone Cyst
	Abstract
	Evolution
	Pathology
	Treatment
	Evolution
	References
25 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
	Abstract
	Definition
	Risk Organs
	Radiology
	Pathology
	Treatment
	References
26 Bone Hydatidosis
	Abstract
	References
27 Osteomyelitis
	Abstract
	References
28 Bone TBC
	Abstract
	References
29 Osteopoikilosis
	Abstract
	References
30 Paget’s Disease of Bone
	Abstract
	References
31 Hyperparathyroidism
	Abstract
	References
Other Tumors
32 Chordoma
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Presentation
	Epidemiology
	Imaging
	Differential Diagnosis
	Biopsy
	Histology/Pathology
	Staging
	Treatment
	Outcomes
	Post-operative Management and Surveillance
	Conclusions
	References
33 Adamantinoma
	Abstract
	Imaging
	Histopathology
	Treatment
	References
34 High Degree Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
	Abstract
	Definition
	Clinical Findings
	Imaging
	Histopathology
	Treatment
	References
35 Glomus Tumor
	Abstract
	Pathology
	Treatment
	Complications
	References
Bone Metastasis
36 Bone Metastasis
	Abstract
	Definition
	Clinical Symptoms and Signs
	Hypercalcemia
	Imaging
	Laboratory
	Treatment
	References
Specific Surgeries for Bone Tumors
37 Application of Biomechanic Principles to Oncology
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Biomechanical Considerations
	Femur
		Femoral Head and Neck
		Intertrochanteric Fractures
		Subtrochanteric Fractures
		Diaphyseal Fractures
		Supracondylar Fractures
	Humerus
		Proximal Humerus
		Humeral Diaphysis
		Distal Humerus
	Tibia
	Surgical Treatment
		Proximal Tibia
		Diaphysis
		Distal Tibia
		Radius and Ulna
	References
38 Adjuvant Therapy in Bone Tumors
	Abstract
	References
39 Reconstruction with Bone Graft and Porous Titanium
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Conservation Techniques
	Primary or Secondary Sterilization?
	Surgical Indications
	Terms of Osteosynthesis
	Outcomes
	Cartilaginous Grafts
		Immunology
		Complications
	Discussion
	The Porous Titanium Implants
	Conclusions
	References
40 Sacral Surgery
	Abstract
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Pre-operative Evaluation
		Surgical Planning
	Surgical Technique: Anterior Approach
	Surgical Technique: Posterior Approach
	Spinopelvic Reconstruction Technique
	Post-operative Care
	Results
	Conclusions
	References
Index