Boko Haram: Nigeria's Islamist insurgency

1. Introduction --
Research challenges --
2. Islam in Nigeria: Historical Background --
Usman Dan Fodio\'s Jihad --
The British colonial era --
The path to Sharia --
Some reflections on religious identity --
3. The Genesis of Radical Groups --
Splintering --
Transformation --
Reform (modernisation) --
Formation (creation) --
Daawa --
Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama\'ah, Ja\'amutu Tajidmul Islami/Islamic Movement of Nigeria[IMN] --
Yan Izala --
Maitatsine --
Conclusion --
4. What is Boko Haram? --
Where it all started --
The sect goes underground --
The 2009 turning point --
Dead or alive? --
Post-Yusuf --
The Shakau era-the beginning of the insurgency --
Splintering, factionalisation and kidnappings --
Suicide attacks --
Who are these men? --
Funding --
5. The Internationalisation of Boko Haram --
Borderlands --
Cameroon --
Niger --
Chad --
Human security implications --
A wild card: the Central African Republic (CAR) --
Changing al-Qaeda patterns and Boko Haram\'s position in the broader Islamist environment --
The 2012-13 Malian civil conflict --
Al-Shabaab --
Tactical implications of foreign influence --
Will Boko Haram become the next al-Qaeda franchise? --
6. Government Responses --
The military response --
A first state of emergency is declared --
Between two emergencies --
Negotiations and amnesty --
A second state of emergency is put in place --
Moving beyond JTF ORO --
Allegations of human rights abuses --
A softer approach --
COIN vs CT: What strategy? --
Western response --
The United States (US) --
The United Kingdom (UK) --
Canada --
7. Conclusions --
The Way Ahead?