Biosensors: Nanomaterials, Approaches and Performance-Enhancement

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IEEE Press Series on Sensors
Biosensors: Nanomaterials, Approaches, and Performance-Enhancement Strategies
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Contents
About the Authors
Preface
	Outline of This Book
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
About the Companion Website
1. Fundamentals of Biomedical Sensors
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Classification of Biosensors
	1.3 Elements of Biosensors
	1.4 Bio-recognition Elements
		1.4.1 Nucleic Acids
		1.4.2 Aptamers
		1.4.3 Enzymes
		1.4.4 Antibodies
		1.4.5 Bacteriophages
		1.4.6 MIPs
		1.4.7 Biosensors Based on Whole Cells
	1.5 Sensing Techniques
		1.5.1 ECL Biosensors
		1.5.2 Optical Biosensors
		1.5.3 Mass Biosensors
	References
2. Immobilization Techniques for Bioreceptors
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Requirements of Immobilization
	2.3 Immobilization Methods
		2.3.1 Adsorption Immobilization or Electrostatic Interaction Method
		2.3.2 Entrapment
		2.3.3 Membrane Encapsulation
		2.3.4 Covalent Immobilization
	2.4 Materials Used in Different Immobilization Techniques and Supports
	2.5 Future Prospects and Possibilities in Immobilization Technology
	2.6 Summary
	References
3. Nucleic Acid–Based Biosensors
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 ECL Biosensor Designs
	3.3 Nucleic Acid–Based Colorimetric Biosensors
	3.4 Nucleic Acid–Based Fluorescent Biosensor
	3.5 Nucleic Acid–Based Plasmonic Biosensor
	3.6 SERS-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors
	3.7 Interferometric NA Biosensors
	3.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
4. Antibody-Based Biosensors
	4.1 Polyclonal Antibody and Monoclonal Antibody
	4.2 Cardiovascular Biomarker, Autoimmune Disorder, and Cholesterol Biomarker
		4.2.1 Cancer Detection
		4.2.2 Tuberculosis Detection
		4.2.3 Cardiovascular Disease
		4.2.4 Autoimmune Disease
		4.2.5 Detection of Stress Biomarkers
		4.2.6 Cholesterol Disease
		4.2.7 Glucose Measurement
		4.2.8 Microbe Detection: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and Protis
		4.2.9 Toxins Detection
	4.3 Conclusions and Future Directions
	References
5. Aptamer-Based Biosensors
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Selection of Aptamers and Design Strategies
		5.2.1 Modified Bases
		5.2.2 Structural Modeling
		5.2.3 Cell-SELEX
		5.2.4 Counter-SELEX
		5.2.5 High-throughput Sequencing
		5.2.6 In Silico SELEX
		5.2.7 Structure-Switching Signaling-Based Aptamers
		5.2.8 Folding Aptamer-Based Biosensors
		5.2.9 Split Aptamers
	5.3 Sepsis, Pathogens, and Biomarkers to Detect Disease and Pollutants
	5.4 Small Biomolecules
	5.5 Summary
	References
6. Bacteriophage-Based Biosensors
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Reporter Bacteriophages
		6.1.2 Stained Phages
		6.1.3 Lytic Phages
		6.1.4 Capturing Phages
		6.1.5 Phage Receptor-Binding Proteins
	6.2 Design of Bacteriophage-Based Biosensor
	6.3 Future Prospects
	6.4 Summary
	References
7. Peptide-Based Biosensors
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Synthesis Methods
		7.2.1 Design of ECL Biosensors
		7.2.2 Design of Plasmonics Biosensors
		7.2.3 Design of Colorimetric Biosensors
		7.2.4 Design of Fluorescence Biosensors
		7.2.5 Design of Interferometric Biosensors
		7.2.6 Design of SER-Based Biosensors
	7.3 Summary
	References
8. Synthetic BREs and Smart Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors
	8.1 MIPs as Bioreceptors and Their Applications
	8.2 Nanomaterials-Based Sensors
		8.2.1 Metals and Metal-Oxide-Based Nanomaterials
		8.2.2 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
		8.2.3 Magnetic, 2D Nanomaterials, Quantum Dots, and Polymer-Based Nanomaterial
		8.2.4 Nanomaterials for Wearable Biosensors
	8.3 Summary
	References
9. Advancement in Optical Biosensors to Detect Malignant Tumors
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Cancer Biomarkers
	9.3 Types of Optical Biosensors
		9.3.1 SPR and LSPR Sensors
		9.3.2 Colorimetric Sensors
		9.3.3 Fluorescence Sensors
		9.3.4 Interferometric Sensors
		9.3.5 SERS Sensors
		9.3.6 Metall-Insulatorl-Metal Waveguidel-Resonator-Based Optical Sensors
	9.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
	9.5 Summary
	References
Index
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