Biopsychosocial Approaches in Neurorehabilitation: Assessment and Management of Neuropsychiatric, Mood and Behavioural Disorders

Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Brain injury and emotion: An overview to a special issue on biopsychosocial approaches in neurorehabilitation......Page 6
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)......Page 8
Pre-injury factors......Page 9
Anxiety......Page 10
Pain......Page 11
Irritability and anger......Page 12
Sexuality......Page 13
Developing world......Page 14
REFERENCES......Page 15
INTRODUCTION......Page 17
THE THREE MEANINGS OF CONSCIOUSNESS: ZEMAN’S 2001 ANALYSIS AND CLINICAL OBSERVATION......Page 18
THE THREE VECTORS OF CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 20
Proposed methods of measurement and their level of relationship......Page 23
Impaired self-awareness and denial phenomenon: Past and recent observations......Page 24
FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING STUDIES AND THE THREE VECTORS OF CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 26
Disturbances of consciousness and rehabilitation......Page 28
REFERENCES......Page 30
INTRODUCTION......Page 34
IMPAIRMENT AND DISABILITY ASSESSMENT IN MTBI......Page 35
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN NEUROLOGICAL CONTEXT......Page 36
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE AND PRESENTATION......Page 37
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROMOTING OBJECTIVE PRACTICE......Page 41
CONCLUSION......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
Impact of pre-injury factors on outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: Does post-traumatic personality change represent an exacerbation of premorbid traits?......Page 46
Participants......Page 52
Materials......Page 53
Sample characteristics......Page 54
Data screening......Page 56
Effect of the injury......Page 57
Effect of premorbid personality......Page 59
DISCUSSION......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 63
The neuropsychiatry of depression after brain injury......Page 69
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
PRESENTATION OF DEPRESSION......Page 71
Traumatic brain injury......Page 72
Stroke......Page 74
Conclusion......Page 76
LESION SITE AND DEPRESSION......Page 77
INSIGHT AND MOOD......Page 78
SUICIDE AFTER BRAIN INJURY......Page 81
BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION......Page 83
Psychological reaction to injury......Page 84
Biopsychosocial treatment of depression......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 86
Cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of depression in individuals with brain injury......Page 93
REFERENCES......Page 108
INTRODUCTION......Page 113
EMOTIONAL RESPONSES TO APHASIA......Page 115
Depression following stroke......Page 116
Depression questionnaires......Page 122
Visual Analogue Mood Scales (VAMS)......Page 124
Personal construct therapy......Page 125
THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL FACTORS ON RECOVERY AND RESPONSE TO REHABILITATION......Page 126
Incorporating emotional reactions and psychosocial adjustment into rehabilitation......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 130
North America......Page 136
UK......Page 137
Neurorehabilitation and cognitive-behaviour therapy of anxiety disorders after brain injury: An overview and a case…......Page 138
Assessment of anxiety disorders......Page 139
Anxiety disorders following TBI......Page 142
Pharmacological therapy for anxiety after brain injury......Page 143
CR and CBT......Page 144
CASE STUDY DC: CBT and neuro-rehabilitation for OCD and health anxiety......Page 145
Rehabilitation programme......Page 146
CONCLUSIONS......Page 150
REFERENCES......Page 151
Post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: A review of causal mechanisms, assessment, and treatment......Page 154
Prevalence and risk factors......Page 155
Mechanisms of trauma......Page 156
PTSD AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY......Page 158
PTSD and mild TBI......Page 159
PTSD and TBI in children......Page 160
The genesis of PTSD after TBI......Page 161
Neurological and neuropsychological variables as protective and risk factors......Page 163
TREATMENT......Page 164
REFERENCES......Page 165
INTRODUCTION......Page 170
PRE-INJURY SUBSTANCE USE......Page 171
INTOXICATION AT THE TIME OF INJURY......Page 172
POST-INJURY SUBSTANCE USE PATTERNS......Page 173
Neurological outcome......Page 175
Neurobehavioural outcome......Page 176
Employment outcome......Page 177
Life satisfaction outcome......Page 178
Record review......Page 179
Assessment instruments......Page 180
Subtle signs of abuse......Page 181
Education and prevention......Page 182
Referrals......Page 183
Models of treatment......Page 184
Critical features of substance abuse treatment for patients with TBI......Page 185
ISSUES, QUESTIONS, AND CONCERNS COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED BY CLINICIANS......Page 186
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
INTRODUCTION......Page 194
What is pain?......Page 195
Incidence of pain following TBI......Page 196
Postconcussional syndrome......Page 197
Cervical-injury related headaches......Page 198
Complex regional pain syndromes......Page 199
Mechanisms of pain after brain injury......Page 200
Identification of both TBI and pain......Page 201
Assessment of acute pain......Page 202
Assessment of chronic pain......Page 203
Depression......Page 205
Acute pain......Page 206
Chronic pain......Page 207
Pain clinics......Page 209
Occupational therapy......Page 210
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)......Page 211
REFERENCES......Page 212
INTRODUCTION......Page 217
Causes of irritability......Page 219
Causes of aggressive behaviour......Page 221
The problem of evaluation......Page 222
Range of treatments available......Page 223
CONCLUSIONS......Page 239
REFERENCES......Page 241
INTRODUCTION......Page 248
Affective disorders......Page 251
CLASSIFICATION......Page 252
THE ORGANIC BASIS......Page 253
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT......Page 255
Pharmacological methods......Page 256
Psychological methods......Page 258
Case 1......Page 259
Case 3......Page 260
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 261
REFERENCES......Page 262
INTRODUCTION......Page 266
Objective and subjective burden......Page 269
Cognitive adaptation......Page 270
Bereavement and loss......Page 271
INTERVENTION......Page 272
ASSESSMENT OF FAMILY FUNCTION......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 277
Sexual changes associated with traumatic brain injury......Page 281
INTRODUCTION......Page 282
Measures and procedures......Page 285
RESULTS......Page 286
DISCUSSION......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 294
Psychological adjustment, social enablement and community integration following acquired brain injury......Page 297
INDIVIDUAL ADJUSTMENT AND ADAPTATION......Page 299
 SOCIAL THEORIES AND ADJUSTMENT......Page 300
ADJUSTMENT AND DISABLEMENT......Page 301
COMMUNITY INTEGRATION AND ENABLEMENT......Page 303
CASE ILLUSTRATION 1......Page 304
CASE ILLUSTRATION 2......Page 305
ENABLEMENT AND WORK......Page 306
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES......Page 307
THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT......Page 308
REFERENCES......Page 309
INTRODUCTION......Page 313
The need......Page 314
Community-based rehabilitation......Page 315
Attitudes......Page 317
Methods of instruction......Page 318
Case selection......Page 319
CONTENT OF TRAINING......Page 320
Emotional rehabilitation......Page 321
Restoration and compensation strategies......Page 322
Gradual progress......Page 323
Emotional reaction versus emotional communication......Page 325
Impulsive anger......Page 326
Empathy and rights......Page 327
Circles of support......Page 328
REFERENCES......Page 329
Subject Index......Page 332