Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies: 13th International Joint Conference, BIOSTEC 2020, Valletta, Malta, February 24–26, 2020, Revised ... in Computer and Information Science)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Biomedical Electronics and Devices
Uncertainty Modeling and Deep Learning Applied to Food Image Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Food Recognition
		2.2 Generative Adversarial Network
		2.3 Uncertainty Modeling
	3 Uncertainty-Aware GAN-Augmented Food Recognition
		3.1 Hard Sample Discovery
		3.2 Image Generation
		3.3 Final Training
	4 Validation
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Metric
		4.3 Experimental Setup
		4.4 Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Novel Compact Robotic Flow Control Valve for Bioinspired Exosuit and Other Applications
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Previous Research
		2.1 Humanoid Walking Robot: Modelling and Mechanics
		2.2 HWR: Experiment
		2.3 HWR: Results
		2.4 Previous Research: Discussion
	3 CRFC Valve
		3.1 CRFC Valve: Methods
		3.2 CRFC Valve: Experiments
		3.3 CRFC Valve: Results
		3.4 CRFC Valve: Similar Works
		3.5 CRFC Valve: Discussion
	4 Current Development for CRFC Valve Applications
		4.1 Wearable Exosuit: Objectives
		4.2 Oxygen Concentrators and Ventilators: Demand Due to Recent Events
	5 Conclusions
	References
Towards the Development and Validation of a Smartphone-Based Pupillometer for Neuro-Ophthalmological Diseases Screening
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Study Participants
		2.2 Pupillometry System
		2.3 Data Processing
		2.4 Chromatic Pupillometry Protocol and Preliminary Experiments
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Study Participants
		3.2 Data Processing Results and Discussion
		3.3 Preliminary Pupillometry Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optical Spectroscopy Methods to Monitor Cells and Bacteria Concentrations and to Detect Contamination During Cell Culture: Application to the Fabrication of ATMPs
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Lymphocytes and E. Coli Preparation
		2.2 Experimental Set-Up
		2.3 Color Based Analysis of Transmission Spectra
		2.4 Analysis of Absorption Spectra
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Measuring Concentrations of Both Species with Colorimetric Description of Transmission Spectra
		3.2 Measuring Concentrations with the Shapes of the Absorption Spectra
		3.3 Monitoring Cell Concentrations and Detecting Contaminations: A New Approach
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Technical Aspects
		4.2 Socio-Economic Impacts
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Non-invasive Optical Methods in Quantitative Minimal Erythema Dose Assessment in Vivo: Comparison of Preclinical and Clinical Data
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Animals and Ultraviolet Irradiation
		2.2 Volunteers and Ultraviolet Irradiation
		2.3 Optical Measurements and Data Processing
		2.4 Morphology and Staining
		2.5 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Preclinical Study
		3.2 Clinical Study
	4 Conclusions
	References
Bioimaging
Deep Learning for the Automated Feature Labelling of 3-Dimensional Imaged Placenta
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 3-D Imaging of Placentae
		2.1 Placenta
		2.2 3-D Imaging
	3 Deep Learning
		3.1 ConvNets
		3.2 U-Nets
	4 Method
	5 Single Cell Labelling
		5.1 Fibroblast
		5.2 Pericyte
	6 Multi-cellular Structures
		6.1 Endothelial Cells
		6.2 Labelling the Unseen
	7 Conclusion
	References
Estimating the False Positive Prediction Rate in Automated Volumetric Measurements of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Tumour Measurement
		1.2 Overview of Existing Measurement Tools
	2 Method
		2.1 Data
		2.2 Cross-Validation
		2.3 Algorithm
		2.4 False Positive Rate Estimation
		2.5 Experiments
	3 Results
		3.1 Inter-slice Consistency Processing
		3.2 Volumetric Agreement
		3.3 Region Overlap (Dice Score)
		3.4 False Positive Rate Estimation
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Critical Analysis
		4.2 Future Work
	5 Conclusion
	References
Combining Registration Errors and Supervoxel Classification for Unsupervised Brain Anomaly Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Iterative Spanning Forest (ISF)
		2.1 Theoretical Background
		2.2 The ISF Algorithm
	3 Description of BADRESC
		3.1 3D Image Preprocessing and Registration
		3.2 Registration Error Computation
		3.3 Supervoxel Segmentation
		3.4 Feature Extraction and Classification
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Baselines
		4.3 Quality Metrics
	5 Evaluation Results
	6 Conclusion
	A Appendix
	References
A Framework Based on Metabolic Networks and Biomedical Images Data to Discriminate Glioma Grades
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation Framework
		2.1 Feature Sorting Methods
		2.2 Selection of the Optimal NoF
		2.3 Classifier Models
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Data
		3.2 Performance Measures
		3.3 Performance Results in SetU
		3.4 Comparisons with Existing Classification Methods
		3.5 Performance Results in Set2
		3.6 Analysis of the Selected Features
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms
Efficient Algorithms for Co-folding of Multiple RNAs
	1 Introduction
	2 Inside Recursion
	3 Outside Recursion
	4 Computing Q̈k,l in Cubic Time
	5 Implementation
	6 Benchmarking
	7 Concentration Dependence
	8 Spliceosomale RNAs: A Showcase Applications
	9 Concluding Remarks and Future Challenges
	References
Classification of Biochemical Pathway Robustness with Neural Networks for Graphs
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Petri Nets Modeling of Biochemical Pathways
		2.2 Concentration Robustness
		2.3 Deep Graph Networks
	3 Methods
		3.1 Graph Preprocessing
		3.2 Data Set
		3.3 Model
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Deep Neural Network Implementation
		4.2 Performance Evaluation
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Case Studies
	5 Conclusions
	References
Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing
The Extended i-NSS: An Intelligent EEG Tool for Diagnosing and Managing Epilepsy
	1 Introduction
	2 The i-NSS Project
	3 Architectural Overview of the Extended i-NSS
		3.1 Classification Branch
		3.2 Compression Branch
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Performance Metrics
		4.3 Experiments on Classification
		4.4 Experiments on Compression and Summarization
	5 Discussion and Future Prospects
	6 Conclusion
	References
Idle State Detection with an Autoregressive Multiple Model Probabilistic Framework in SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review on Idle State Detection in SSVEP-based BCIs
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Autoregressive Multiple Modelling (AR-MM) Probabilistic Framework
		3.2 Comparative Methods
	4 Materials
	5 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Exploring Inertial Sensor Fusion Methods for Direct Ergonomic Assessments
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Upper-Body Motion Tracker
		3.1 Inertial Acquisition
		3.2 Pre-processing
		3.3 Orientation Estimation
	4 Experimental Overview
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
PDC-MI Method for EEG Functional Conectivity Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory
		2.1 Mutual Information
		2.2 Partial Directed Coherence
		2.3 Surrogate for Hypothesis Test
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Applied Methodology
		3.2 Database for Study Case
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	A  Appendix
	References
Comparison of Medical Image Evaluations in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Through Image J
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 MRCP Technique
		2.2 Analysis of Images
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Health Informatics
Evaluating a Comparing Deep Learning Architectures for Blood Glucose Prediction
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 MSF Strategies
		2.2 LSTM
		2.3 CNNs
	3 Related Work
	4 Experimental Design
		4.1 Dataset, Performance Measurement and Statistical Tests
		4.2 Experimental Process
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Construction of the CNN and LSTM Models
		5.2 Evaluation of MSF Strategies for the CNN and LSTM Models
		5.3 Comparing the CNN and LSTM Models
		5.4 Discussion
	6 Threats to Validity
		6.1 Internal Validity
		6.2 External Validity
		6.3 Construct Validity
		6.4 Statistical Validity
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Cognitive Internet of Medical Things Architecture for Decision Support Tool to Detect Early Sepsis Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Cognitive IoMT Architecture for Early Sepsis Detection
	3 EHR Data
		3.1 Data Selection
		3.2 Sepsis Definition
		3.3 Care Episode Representation
		3.4 Feature Selection
	4 Methods
		4.1 Generative Adversarial Imputation Nets (GAIN)
		4.2 RNN-LSTM Model
		4.3 Experimental Setup
		4.4 Experiments
	5 Results
		5.1 Temporal Analysis
		5.2 Earliness
		5.3 Episode Sequence Length
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusions
	References
Interoperability Evaluation in Building Automation and Health Smart Homes Using Tag-Based Semantic Frameworks
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and State of the Art
		2.1 Engineering of Building Automation Systems and Health Smart Homes
		2.2 Component and System Information Models
		2.3 Tag-Based Semantic Frameworks
	3 Semantic Annotation Framework
		3.1 Semantic Data Models in HSH Context
		3.2 Summary of Initial Semantic Annotation Framework
		3.3 Refined Semantic Annotation Framework
		3.4 Health Smart Home Tag Extension and Case Study
	4 Algorithms for Interoperability Evaluation
		4.1 General Interoperability Definition
		4.2 Shallow Name Comparison
		4.3 Pairwise Name Comparison
		4.4 Classification Approach
		4.5 Subsumption Approach
	5 Validation and Performance Evaluation
		5.1 Test Cases
		5.2 Test Setup
		5.3 Validation of Correctness
		5.4 Performance Evaluation
		5.5 Discussion and Application Areas
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Pathobox: The Collaborative Tele-pathology Platform with Access Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 PACS and DICOM Integration
		2.2 Digital Pathology Visualization
		2.3 Dicoogle and Its Functionalities
		2.4 Related Work
	3 Architecture
		3.1 Acquisition, Storage and Distribution
		3.2 Collaborative Platform
		3.3 Management of Sessions
		3.4 Synchronization of User Actions
		3.5 Access Control Component
	4 Use Cases
	5 Conclusions
	References
Combining Rhythmic and Morphological ECG Features for Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Local and Global Prediction Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
		2.1 Atrial Fibrillation
		2.2 Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation
	3 The Proposed Approach: An Overview
		3.1 Pre-processing
		3.2 Feature Extraction and Selection
		3.3 Making the Prediction
	4 Empirical Evaluation
		4.1 Design of the Study
		4.2 Analysis of the Results
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Privacy by Design for Neuropsychological Studies Based on an mHealth App
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Neuropsychological Study Based on mHealth App
		3.1 Study Design and Assessment Tools
		3.2 Participants
		3.3 Intervention
	4 Research Questions as a Basis for Metric Development
	5 Metric Language and Study Export
	6 Implementation of Privacy Design Strategies
		6.1 MINIMISE
		6.2 HIDE
		6.3 SEPARATE
		6.4 ABSTRACT
		6.5 INFORM
		6.6 CONTROL
		6.7 ENFORCE
		6.8 DEMONSTRATE
	7 Conclusion
	References
Food Data Normalization Using Lexical and Semantic Similarities Heuristics
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Lexical Similarity
		2.2 Semantic Similarity
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Lexical Similarity
		3.2 Semantic Similarity
	4 Data
		4.1 Data Pre-processing
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Experiments and Results
		5.2 Subject-Matter Evaluation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Muscle Deformation Using Position Based Dynamics
	1 Introduction
	2 Position-Based Dynamics
		2.1 Distance Constraint
		2.2 Volume Constraint
		2.3 Local Shape Constraint
	3 Our Approach
		3.1 Anisotropy
		3.2 Collision Handling
		3.3 Detecting the Fixed Points
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Number of Solver Iterations
		4.2 Fixed Points
		4.3 Anisotropy, Volume and Other Constraints
		4.4 Muscle Fibre Lengths
		4.5 Deformation Speed
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
An Assessment of National Health Information Systems in Ireland Using Nationally Agreed Standards
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Health Information in Ireland
		2.2 Health Information and the HRB
		2.3 Data Quality: Audit and Evaluation
		2.4 Data Quality: The Role of HIQA
	3 Methods
	4 Findings of the Self-assessment
		4.1 Person-Centredness
		4.2 Governance, Leadership and Management
		4.3 Use of Data
		4.4 Information Governance
		4.5 Workforce
		4.6 Use of Resources
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
Leveraging Clinical Notes for Enhancing Decision-Making Systems with Relevant Patient Information
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Materials
		2.1 Extracting Patient Information from Clinical Notes
		2.2 Combining Protocols with Text Data
		2.3 Treatment Guidance with the Assistance of a CDSS
	3 Results
		3.1 Guidelines Digitisation
		3.2 Clinical Notes Format
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Use Case Overview
		4.2 Protocol Discussion
		4.3 Validation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mobile Marketing in Health: User Experience Guiding the Implementation of a Medical Booking Application
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Frameworks
		2.2 Mobile Marketing
		2.3 User Experience
		2.4 Medical Appointments Booking Applications
	3 Mobile Marketing in Health Use Cases
	4 Mobile Marketing App
		4.1 Book Medical Appointment Process
		4.2 User Onboarding
		4.3 Prioritize Search Before Login
		4.4 Mobile Notifications
		4.5 User Information Logging
	5 Results Assessment
		5.1 Iterative Testing Approach
		5.2 Focus Group Testing
		5.3 Limitations
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
Stochastic Workflow Modeling in a Surgical Ward: Towards Simulating and Predicting Patient Flow
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Domain and Data Preparation
	4 Analysis
		4.1 Control Flow Patterns
		4.2 Temporal Patterns
		4.3 Arrival Rates
	5 Modeling
		5.1 Stochastic Time Petri Nets for System-Wide Simulation
		5.2 Bayesian Nets for Individualised Prediction
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Classification of Eating Behaviors in Unconstrained Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Audio Data Labeling
		2.3 Feature Computation
		2.4 Feature Engineering
		2.5 Dataset Oversampling
		2.6 Feature Selection
		2.7 Model Training and Evaluation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Author Index