Biomechanics of tendons and ligaments: tissue reconstruction and regeneration

Content: Front Cover
 Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments: Tissue Reconstruction and Regeneration
 Copyright
 Dedication
 Contents
 Part One: Fundamentals and biomechanics of tendons and ligaments
 Chapter 1: Structure and function of tendon and ligament tissues
 1.1. Introduction
 1.2. Anatomy
 1.3. The structure of tendons and ligaments
 1.3.1. Healthy tendons and ligaments
 1.3.2. The components of the ECM
 1.3.3. The cells
 1.3.4. Growth factors
 1.3.5. Aging tendons and ligaments
 1.3.6. Tendinopathy
 1.4. Summary
 References Chapter 2: Biomechanical properties of tendons and ligaments in humans and animals2.1. Introduction
 2.2. Regional differences of biomechanical properties and impact of size
 2.3. Intrinsic factors: Gender and age
 2.4. Extrinsic factors: Physical activity and exercise
 2.5. Which tendon is the best (allo)graft in terms of material properties?
 2.6. Animal models
 2.6.1. Rabbit
 2.6.2. Sheep
 2.6.3. Mouse
 2.6.4. Rat
 2.6.5. Dog
 2.6.6. Pig
 2.6.7. Monkey
 2.6.8. Horse
 2.7. Summary
 References
 Chapter 3: Mechanobiology of tendons and ligaments
 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Impact of loading on tendon cells3.2.1. Gene expression
 3.2.2. Gap junctions
 3.2.3. Calcium levels
 3.2.4. Degenerative tendon tissue
 3.2.5. Finite element model
 3.3. Effects of mechanical stimulation on ECM
 3.3.1. Collagen
 3.3.2. The noncollagenous part in the ECM
 3.3.3. Inflammatory response
 3.3.4. Changes of fiber strain and sliding under load
 3.4. Summary
 References
 Chapter 4: Experimental methods for measuring tendon and ligament biomechanics
 4.1. Introduction
 4.2. Classic tensile testing
 4.2.1. Load-displacement and stress-strain
 4.2.1.1. Load until failure 4.2.1.2. Stiffness4.2.2. Loading rate
 4.2.3. Preconditioning
 4.2.4. Other testing conditions
 4.2.5. Fatigue tests
 4.3. Other biomechanical tests
 4.4. In vivo biomechanical tests
 4.5. Summary
 References
 Chapter 5: Imaging of tendons and ligaments in animal models
 5.1. Introduction
 5.2. Ultrasonography
 5.2.1. Overview
 5.2.2. Development of US as a diagnostic tool
 5.2.3. Comparison of US with histology and investigation of adhesion
 5.2.4. Correspondence of US with biomechanics
 5.2.5. Investigation of neovascularization after injury 5.2.6. Extrinsic and intrinsic healing of tendons and ligaments5.2.7. Anatomical studies with US
 5.2.8. Summary
 5.3. Magnetic resonance
 5.3.1. Overview
 5.3.2. Investigation of morphological changes after injury
 5.3.3. Tissue engineering in tendon repair
 5.3.4. Diagnosis of tendon diseases
 5.3.5. Investigation of biomechanical properties
 5.3.6. Contrast agents in MRI
 5.4. Light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy
 5.4.1. Overview
 5.4.2. The tendon tissue (engineering) level
 5.4.3. The fascicle level
 5.4.4. The fiber level
 5.4.5. The fibril and microfibril level