Biomechanics in Medicine, Sport and Biology

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
List of Contributors
Biomechanical Aspects of in Vitro Fertilization
	1 Introduction
	2 Biofluid Mechanics of Reproduction
		2.1 Mechanical Properties of Embryos
		2.2 Peristaltic Wave Propagation and Oscillatory Fluid Dynamics
		2.3 Mathematical Modeling of the Natural Embryo Transportation
		2.4 Biomechanical Aspects of IVF
		2.5 Experimental studies on the uterine models
		2.6 Catheter Tip Location
		2.7 Ejection Speed and Duration
		2.8 Fluid Composition and Viscosity
	3 Mathematical Modeling of the Embryo Transfer
	4 Mathematical Problem Formulation
	5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical Investigation for the Use of Polylactic Acid in Total Hip Arthroplasty Using FEM Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Determination of the Degree of Mechanical Anisotropy of the Femoral Neck Trabecular Bone
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methods of Modelling
		2.3 Calibration of Boundary Conditions Zone
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Hip Implant Designs Based on Its Mechanical Behaviour
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Analysis of Scoliosis Brace
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Research Object - Boston Brace
		2.2 Brace Geometric Model
		2.3 FEM Model
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Small Unsecured Objects Transported in a Vehicle and Their Impact on Human Head Injury– Blunt Injury Criterion Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methodology
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Blunt Criterion (BC) Determination
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Using Spherical Contact Pairs to Model the Contact Areas in the Joints of the Wrist
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Obtaining Geometrical Models of the Joints in the Wrist
		2.2 Checking the Quality of the Contact Pairs
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Twenty-Two Contact Pairs in the First Model
		3.2 A Preliminary Verification of Three Contact Pairs on the Second Dataset
	4 Conclusion
	References
3D Bioreactors for Cell Culture: Fluid Dynamics Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 Cell Culture at Static vs Dynamic Conditions
	3 2D vs 3D Bioreactors for Cell Culture
	4 Levitation of Cells in 3D Bioreactors
		4.1 Spinner Flasks Bioreactors
		4.2 Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) Bioreactors
		4.3 Buoyant Levitation
		4.4 Perfusion Bioreactors (Fluid Dynamic Levitation)
		4.5 Optic Levitation
		4.6 Electromagnetic Levitation
		4.7 Dielectromagnetic Levitation
		4.8 Magnetic Levitation
		4.9 Comparison of Different Levitation Techniques
		4.10 Influence of Microgravity/Levitation on Cell Physiology
	5 Optimization of Bioreactors and Protocols: Trial-And-Error vs Computational Fluid Dynamics Approaches
	6 Conclusions
	References
Assessing the Feasibility of Using Spherical Contact Pairs to Model the Contact Regions in the Joints of the Index Finger
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methodology
		2.1 Obtaining Bone Profiles
		2.2 Extracting the Contact Regions for Contact Pair Fitting
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Is Optimal Velocity Constant During Running?
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Models
	3 Method
		3.1 Method of Miele
		3.2 Solution
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	References
Characteristics of Nerve Roots Mechanical Properties Exposed to Uniaxial Stretching Tests
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Influence of Polyurethane Double-J Stent of Various Diameters on Urological Encrustation
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Surface Analysis of DJ Stents
		2.3 Determination of Mechanical Properties
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Influence of the Encrustation on DJ Stents Surface and Mechanical Properties
		3.2 The Affinity of DJ Stents Part and Diameter on Encrustation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Standardisation Procedure of Infra-red Imaging in Biomechanics
	1 Introduction
	2 Standardisation Procedure of Thermal Imaging
		2.1 Volunteer Preparation
		2.2 Laboratory Conditions
		2.3 Making the Thermal Image
		2.4 Control List
	3 Conclusions
	Supplementary Materials
	References
Can Tattoo Influence a Thermal Image? A Case Report
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Author Index