Biology for the IB Diploma Coursebook

Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Introduction......Page 7
How to use this book......Page 8
1.1 Mean and distribution......Page 9
1.2 The t-test......Page 12
1.3 Correlation and cause......Page 16
2.1 Cell theory......Page 20
2.2 Prokaryotic cells......Page 28
2.3 Eukaryotic cells......Page 30
2.4 Membranes......Page 36
2.5 Cell division......Page 42
3.1 Chemical elements and water......Page 48
3.2 Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins......Page 50
3.3 DNA structure......Page 54
3.4 DNA replication......Page 56
3.5 Transcription and translation......Page 57
3.6 Enzymes......Page 61
3.7 Cell respiration......Page 66
3.8 Photosynthesis......Page 68
4.1 Chromosomes, genes, alleles and mutation......Page 75
4.2 Meiosis......Page 79
4.3 Theoretical genetics......Page 85
4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology......Page 95
5.1 Communities and ecosystems......Page 108
5.2 The greenhouse effect......Page 113
5.3 Populations......Page 119
5.4 Evolution......Page 121
5.5 Classification......Page 127
6.1 Digestion......Page 138
6.2 The transport system......Page 142
6.3 Defence against infectious disease......Page 148
6.4 Gas exchange......Page 154
6.5 Nerves, hormones and homeostasis......Page 157
6.6 Reproduction......Page 165
7.1 DNA structure......Page 178
7.2 DNA replication......Page 181
7.3 Transcription......Page 183
7.4 Translation......Page 185
7.5 Proteins......Page 190
7.6 Enzymes......Page 193
8.1 Cell respiration......Page 202
8.2 Photosynthesis......Page 209
9.1 Plant structure and growth......Page 222
9.2 Transport in angiospermophytes......Page 228
9.3 Reproduction in angiospermophytes......Page 236
10.1 Meiosis......Page 244
10.2 Dihybrid crosses and gene linkage......Page 248
10.3 Polygenic inheritance......Page 256
11.1 Defence against infectious disease......Page 261
11.2 Muscles and movement......Page 268
11.3 The kidney......Page 275
11.4 Reproduction......Page 282
A1 Components of the human diet......Page 296
A2 Energy in human diets......Page 305
A3 Special issues in human nutrition......Page 309
B1 Muscles and movement......Page 318
B2 Training and the pulmonary system......Page 325
B3 Training and the cardiovascular system......Page 327
B4 Exercise and respiration......Page 330
B5 Fitness and training......Page 333
B6 Injuries......Page 336
C1 Proteins......Page 341
C2 Enzymes......Page 345
C3 Cell respiration......Page 349
C4 Photosynthesis......Page 356
D1 Origin of life on Earth......Page 368
D2 Species and speciation......Page 374
D3 Human evolution......Page 385
D4 The Hardy-Weinberg principle (HL)......Page 391
D5 Phylogeny and systematics (HL)......Page 396
E1 Stimulus and response......Page 410
E2 Perception of stimuli......Page 413
E3 Innate and learned behaviour......Page 420
E4 Neurotransmitters and synapses......Page 426
E5 The human brain (HL)......Page 430
E6 Further studies of behaviour (HL)......Page 436
F1 Diversity of microbes......Page 445
F2 Microbes and the environment......Page 450
F3 Microbes and biotechnology......Page 456
F4 Microbes and food production......Page 460
F5 Metabolism of microbes (HL)......Page 463
F6 Microbes and disease (HL)......Page 465
G1 Community ecology......Page 479
G2 Ecosystems and biomes......Page 489
G3 Impacts of humans on ecosystems......Page 498
G4 Conservation of biodiversity (HL)......Page 505
G5 Population ecology (HL)......Page 513
H1 Hormonal control......Page 523
H2 Digestion......Page 527
H3 Absorption of digested foods......Page 532
H4 Functions of the liver......Page 534
H5 The transport system......Page 539
H6 Gas exchange......Page 545
Answers to short-answer questions......Page 556
Answers to end-of-chapter questions......Page 567
Glossary......Page 589
Index......Page 603
Acknowledgements......Page 610