Biologically Active Natural Products From Asia and Africa A Selection of Topics

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Title
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End User License Agreement
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Biological and Physical Contaminants in Anti-Diabetic Herbal Medicines of Bangladesh
	Rausan Zamir1,*, Nazmul Islam2,5, Sunzid Ahmed3, Md. Ali Asraf1, Nikhil C. Bhoumik4, Omar Faruque5 and Akhter Farooque1
	INTRODUCTION
	METHODS
		Study Area and Sample Collection
		Determination of pH
		Microbiological Analysis
			Preparation of Culture Media
			Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms
			Total Aerobic Bacterial Count and Total Coliform Count
			Escherichia coli 0157
			Escherichia coli
			Salmonella spp.
			Listeria spp.
			Yeasts and Molds Count (YMC)
		Toxic Metal Analysis
	RESULTS
		Microbial Contamination
		Metal Toxicity
	DISCUSSION
		Biological Contamination (Microbes)
		Physical Contamination (Metal Toxicity)
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Quantification and Health Safety Assessment of Some Toxic Metals in Anti-Diabetic Herbal Preparations Collected from Local Retailers Using the XRF Analytical Tool
	Rausan Zamir1,*, Nazmul Islam2 ,4, Mahfuza Parveen3, Shipra Sarker4, Rajib Kanti4, M. Safiur Rahman5 and Omar Faruque4
	INTRODUCTION
	METHODS
		Study Area and Sample Collection
		Sample Preparation and Analysis
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Caffeine Intake and the Risk of Female Primary Infertility: An Evidence-Based Case Report
	A. Zaifar1, E.N. Nabila1, L.D. Vincent1, N.M.P Kusuma1, S.S.K. Nareswari2 and M. Louisa2,*
	CASE
	INTRODUCTION
	METHODS
	RESULTS
	DISCUSSION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
An Overview of Urena sinuata: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities
	Pranta Ray1, Rajib Hossain1, Md. Matiur Rahman2 and Muhammad Torequl Islam1,*
	INTRODUCTION
	RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
	FINDINGS
		Phytochemicals of U. Sinuata
		Pharmacological Activities of U. Sinuata
			Antioxidant Activity
			Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity
			Anti-Nociceptive Activity
			Anti-Inflammatory Activity
			Anti-Pyretic Activity
			Insecticidal and Insect-Repellent Activities
			Thrombolytic Activity
			Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Activities
	TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE
	DISCUSSION
	SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Anti-CHIKV Activities of Diterpenes and Their Derivatives
	Muhammad Torequl Islam*
	INTRODUCTION
	SEARCH STRATEGY
	FINDINGS
	CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Design Development and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Nanogel For The Treatment of Psoriasis
	A.A. Yelmate*, P. Gundewar and R.S. Moon
	INTRODUCTION
	MATERIALS AND METHODS
		Collection of Plant Material
		Extraction of Plant Material
	FORMULATIONS OF NANOGEL
		Preparation of Drug-Loaded Nanodispersions
		Preparation of Nanogel
	EVALUATION OF DEVELOPED FORMULATION
		Appearance
		Determination of pH
		Determination of Homogeneity
		Viscosity
		Particle Size
		Spreadability
		Skin Irritancy Test
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		Particle Size Determination
		Zeta Potential Measurements
			Stability Studies
	IN-VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
		Animals
		Carrageenan-Induced Mice Paw Oedema Method
		Statistical Analysis
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Antilithiatic Properties of Moroccan Medicinal Plants and Mechanism Insights of their Phytochemicals
	Aya Khouchlaa*, Abdelhakim Bouyahya and M'hamed Tijane
	INTRODUCTION
	METHODS
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
		Ethnobotany of Antilithiasic Medicinal Plants Used in Morocco
		Experimental Methods to Evaluate The Antilithiatic Activity
			In vitro Methods
			In Vivo Methods
	ANTILITHIATIC MECHANISM OF PHYTOMOLECULES
		Changing Urine Parameters
		Diuretic
		Influence on The Crystallization Process
		Cell Surface Adhesion
		Antioxidant Effect
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Ethnobotanic, Phytochemical, and Biological Activities of Aristolochia longa L.: A Review
	Amina El Yahyaoui El Idrissi, Aya Khouchlaa*, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Mereym El Fessikh, Youssef Bakri and M'hamed Tijane
	INTRODUCTION
	CLASSIFICATION AND BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
		Ethnomedicobothany
		Phytochemistry of A. longa
			Major Compounds, Including Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins
			Fatty Acid Composition
	PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF A. LONGA COMPOUNDS
		Anti-tumor Activities
		Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities
		Antidiabetic Activities
		Antioxidant Activities
		Anti-inflammatory Activities
		Immunostimulatory Activities
		Toxicity Effect
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Wound Healing Potential of Combined Extracts of Stem Bark and Leaves of Sphenocentrum Jollyanum: A Classical Factorial Design Model Approach
	Charles O. Nnadi1,*, Chinwe M. Onah1, Chigozie L. Ugwu2 and Wilfred O. Obonga1
	INTRODUCTION
	MATERIALS AND METHODS
		Collection and Processing of Plant Materials
		Preparation of The Plant Extracts
		Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts
		Experimental Animals and Test Groups
		Surgical Infliction of Excision Wound
		Wound Treatment
		Data Collection and Analysis
		Statistical Analysis
	RESULTS
		Phytochemical Constituents of Plant Extracts
		Wound Closure Effects of Plant Extracts
		Effects of Combined Extracts on Wound Healing Activities
		Wound Surface pH Profile
	DISCUSSION
	CONCLUSION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Subject Index