Bioinvasions and Globalization: Ecology, Economics, Management and Policy

Cover......Page 1
Semi Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
Acronyms......Page 16
List of Contributors......Page 18
1.1 Introduction......Page 20
1.2 The ecological dimension......Page 22
1.3 The economic problem......Page 26
1.4 Policy and management options......Page 28
1.5 Recognizing the global dimension of the problem......Page 31
References......Page 33
PART I: THE DRIVERS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS......Page 36
2.2 Natives and aliens......Page 38
2.3 Future distributions will be very different......Page 39
2.4 What are “invasive species”?......Page 40
2.5 Climatic invasibility......Page 41
2.6 The invasion–climate change interaction......Page 42
2.7 Love thine enemies—but not all of them!......Page 45
3.1 Introduction......Page 49
3.2 Climate observations......Page 50
3.3 Climate models......Page 52
3.5 Approaches to the use of uncertain climate information......Page 54
3.6 Discussion......Page 56
4.1 Identifying the problem......Page 61
4.2 Species dispersal and inspection and interception effort......Page 63
4.3 Data and methods......Page 65
4.4 Empirical results......Page 68
4.5 Discussion......Page 71
5.2 Variation in spread rates within species......Page 75
5.3 Variation in pattern and rate of spread between species......Page 78
5.4 Time to complete spreading......Page 80
5.5 Implications and conclusions......Page 82
6.2 Overview of studies on the level of invasion in habitats......Page 85
6.3 Theoretical background of community invasibility......Page 88
6.4 Separating the level of invasion from invasibility......Page 89
6.5 Habitat-based mapping of plant invasions in Europe and prediction of future trends: the next step?......Page 94
6.6 Conclusions......Page 95
PART II: ECONOMICS......Page 100
7.1 Introduction......Page 102
7.2 Assumptions and literature......Page 104
7.3 Some revealing figures......Page 107
7.4 A simple model of invasive species with nonconvex damages......Page 109
7.5 Elaborations and extensions......Page 112
7.6 Implications for policy......Page 114
7.7 Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 117
8.1 Introduction......Page 119
8.2 The model......Page 121
8.3 Analysis......Page 123
8.4 Discussion......Page 126
References......Page 127
9.1 Introduction......Page 129
9.2 Invasion dynamics......Page 130
9.3 Decision models......Page 131
9.5 Conclusions......Page 143
References......Page 144
10.1 Introduction......Page 146
10.2 A Bayesian learning model of trade-related NIS risk......Page 148
10.3 The inspection allocation decision problem......Page 149
10.4 Allocation method and results......Page 151
10.5 Discussion......Page 161
References......Page 162
11.1 Introduction......Page 164
11.2 Spatial aspects of the economics of biological invasions......Page 165
11.3 Modeling invasions in spatially heterogeneous systems......Page 169
11.4 Discussion and conclusions......Page 173
References......Page 174
PART III: MANAGEMENT AND POLICY......Page 178
12.1 Introduction......Page 180
12.2 Mechanisms......Page 181
12.3 Ecosystem services......Page 182
12.5 Research and policy recommendations......Page 192
References......Page 194
13.1 Introduction......Page 202
13.2 Invasive species in South Africa......Page 203
13.3 Current impacts of invasive species in South Africa......Page 207
13.4 Future impacts......Page 212
13.5 Conclusions......Page 216
References......Page 217
14.1 Introduction......Page 221
14.2 Dynamics of invasive species and management scenarios......Page 223
14.3 The specific case of Lantana in India......Page 227
14.4 The management of uncontrollable invasive species: from exclusion to inclusion......Page 233
References......Page 234
15.1 Introduction......Page 239
15.2 Prevention......Page 241
15.3 Preventing invasive species: opportunities for improved risk assessments......Page 248
References......Page 251
16.1 Dimensions of the policy problem......Page 254
16.2 The institutional environment......Page 256
16.3 Provide the public good at the right geographical scale......Page 258
16.4 Precautionary action should be targeted, and support learning......Page 260
16.5 Many invasive species problems may be most effectively managed at the regional scale......Page 262
16.6 Pay special attention to the impacts of invasive species on the poor......Page 264
16.7 Conclusions......Page 266
References......Page 267
Article 3 Harmonization......Page 270
Article 5 Assessment of risk and determination of the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection......Page 271
Article 6 Adaptation to regional conditions, including pest- or disease-free areas and areas of-low pest or disease prevalence......Page 272
Article 11 Consultations and dispute settlement......Page 273
Article 6 Notification......Page 275
Article 10 Verification......Page 276
Article 12 Determination of a public health emergency of international concern......Page 277
Article 13 Public health response......Page 278
C......Page 280
E......Page 281
I......Page 282
O......Page 283
R......Page 284
U......Page 285
Z......Page 286