BIOGEOGRAPHY : an ecological and evolutionary approach

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1 Introduction
	Lessons from the Past
	Ecological versus Historical Biogeography, and Plants versus Animals
	Biogeography and Creation
	The Distribution of Life Today
	Evolution – a Flawed and Dangerous Idea!
	Enter Darwin – and Wallace
	World Maps – the Biogeographical Regions of Plants and Animals
	Getting Around the World
	The Origins of Modern Historical Biogeography
	The Development of Ecological Biogeography
	Living Together
	Marine Biogeography
	Island Biogeography
	Biogeography Today
	Further Reading
	References
Section I The Challenge of Existing
	Chapter 2 Patterns of Distribution: Finding a Home
		Limits of Distribution
		The Niche
		Overcoming the Barriers
		Climatic Limits: The Palms
		A Successful Family: The Daisies (Asteraceae)
		Patterns Among Plovers
		Magnolias: Evolutionary Relicts
		The Strange Case of the Testate Amoeba
		Climatic Relicts
		Topographical Limits and Endemism
		Physical Limits
		Species Interactions: A Case of the Blues
		Competition
		Reducing Competition
		Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts
		Migration
		Invasion
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 3 Communities and Ecosystems: Living Together
		The Community
		The Ecosystem
		Ecosystems and Species Diversity
		Biotic Assemblages on a Global Scale
		Mountain Biomes
		Global Patterns of Climate
		Climate Diagrams
		Modelling Biomes and Climate
	Chapter 4 Patterns of Biodiversity
		Measuring Biodiversity: How Many Species are There?
		Latitudinal Gradients of Diversity
		Is Evolution Faster in the Tropics?
		The Legacy of Glaciation
		Latitude and Species Ranges
		Diversity and Altitude
		Biodiversity Hotspots
		Diversity in Space and Time
		The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis
		Dynamic Biodiversity and Neutral Theory
		Further Reading
		References
Section II The Engines of the Planet
	Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics
		The Evidence for Plate Tectonics
		Changing Patterns of Continents
		How Plate Tectonics Changes the World
		Islands and Plate Tectonics
		Terranes
	Chapter 6 Evolution, the Source of Novelty
		The Origin of Novelty
		From Populations to Species
		Sympatry versus Allopatry
		Defining the Species
		Microevolution versus Macroevolution
		Adaptive Radiations
		Naming and Cataloguing the Living World
		Charting the Course of Evolution
		Morphology Gives Way to Molecules
		Darwin’s Finches Updated
		Further Reading
		References
Section II Islands and Oceans
	Chapter 7 Life, Death and Evolution on Islands
		Types of Island
		Getting There: The Challenges of Arriving
		Dying There: The Problems of Survival
		Adapting and Evolving
		The Hawaiian Islands
		Integrating the Data: The Theory of Island Biogeography
		Modifying the Theory
		The General Dynamic Model for Oceanic Island Biogeography
		Nestedness
		Living Together: Incidence and Assembly Rules
		Building an Ecosystem: The History of Rakata
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 8 Patterns in the Oceans
		Zones in the Ocean and on the Sea Floor
		Basic Biogeography of the Seas
		The Open-Sea Environment
		The Ocean Floor
		The Shallow-Sea Environment
		And Finally … Marine Biogeographical Realms of the World
		Further Reading
		References
Section IV Historical Biogeography
	Chapter 9 From Evolution to Patterns of Life
		Studying the Patterns
		Methods of Analyzing the Patterns
		Studying Organisms and their Molecules
		An Integrative Approach to Historical Biogeography
		Investigating the More Distant Past
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 10 Geography, Life and Climates Through Time
		Introduction
		Early Land Life on the Moving Continents
		Animal Life Through the Mesozoic
		The End of the Mesozoic World
		Climates and Plants Through Time
		Reconstructing Plant Life and Biomes
		Evolution of the Mammals
		The Mesozoic Roots of the Radiation of Modern Mammals
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 11 Patterns of Life Today
		The Biogeographical Regions Today
		The History of Today’s Biogeographical Regions
		The Old World Tropics: Africa, India and Southeast Asia
		Australia
		New Caledonia
		New Zealand
		The West Indies
		South America
		The Northern Hemisphere: Holarctic Mammals and Boreal Plants
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 12 The Arrival of the Ice Ages
		Climatic Wiggles
		Interglacials and Interstadials
		Biological Changes in the Pleistocene
		The Last Glacial
		Causes of Glaciation
		The Current Interglacial: A False Start
		Forests on the Move
		The Dry Lands
		Changing Sea Levels
		A Time of Warmth
		Climatic Cooling
		Recorded History
		Atmosphere and Oceans: Short-Term Climate Change
		The Future
		Further Reading
		References
Section V People and Problems
	Chapter 13 The Human Intrusion
		The Emergence of Humans
		Modern Humans and the Megafaunal Extinctions
		Plant Domestication and Agriculture
		Animal Domestication
		The Diversification of Homo sapiens
		The Biogeography of Human Parasitic Diseases
		The Environmental Impact of Early Human Cultures
		Further Reading
		References
	Chapter 14 Conservation Biogeography
		Welcome to the Anthropocene
		The Sixth Mass Extinction?
		Less, and Less Interesting
		What’s Behind the Biodiversity Crisis?
		Crisis Management: Responding to Biodiversity Loss
		The Birth of Conservation Biogeography
		The Scope of Conservation Biogeography
		Conservation Biogeography in Action
		The Future is Digital
		Conclusions
		Further Reading
		References
Glossary
Index
Supplemental Images
EULA