Biofueled Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Content: Chapter 1 Introduction to Biofuels1.1 Overview of Fossil fuels1.2 Scenario of Demand-Supply of fossil fuels1.3 Role of Internal combustion engines for mass and passenger transportation1.4 Applications of Internal Combustion Engines in decentralized power generation sectors1.5 Off-road applications 1.6 Emission load in urban cities 1.7 Need of Bioenergy / Biofuels1.8 Potential of Biofuel resources1.9 Biofuels: First generation, Second generation and Third generation1.10 Impact of Bioenergy on Ecosystem1.11 Impact of Bioenergy on Environment1.12 Comparison of Bioenergy with other renewable energy sources1.13 First and second generation biofuels1.14 Biofuel: Carbon Neutral Fuel1.15 Biofuel PolicySolved Numerical ProblemsSummary ReferencesChapter 2 Production of Bio-fuels2.1 Definition of Biomass and Biofuel2.2 Raw Biomass as Energy Source and its Limitation as Fuel2.3 Classification of Biomass2.4 Resources for Production of Bio-methanol2.5 Bio methanol2.6 Ethanol2.7 Butanol2.8 Higher Alcohol Fuels 2.9 Bio-methane/Biogas2.10 Bio-Hydrogen2.11 Biodiesel2.12 Fisher-Tropsch Diesel2.13 Di-Methyl EtherSummaryReferencesChapter 3 Bio-fuel Quality for Combustion Engines3.1 Properties of Gasoline fuel and their Definition3.2 Properties of Diesel Fuel and their Definition 3.3 Bio-fuels for Spark Ignition Engines3.4 Bio-fuels for Compression Ignition Engines3.5 Methanol3.6 Ethanol3.7 Butanol3.8 Biogas and Enriched Biogas3.9 Hydrogen3.10 Biodiesel3.11 Fisher-Tropsch Diesel3.12 Dimethyl Ether SummaryReferencesChapter 4 Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines4.1 Introduction4.2 First Law of Thermodynamics4.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics4.4 Otto Cycle4.5 Constant Pressure Cycle (Diesel Cycle)4.6 Dual Cycle4.7 Two and Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine4.8 Classification of Internal Combustion Engines4.9 General Specification of Internal Combustion Engines4.10 Automotive Vehicles4.11 Power Genset Engines with Alternator4.12 Comparison of internal combustion engines with Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Engines4.13 Selection of heat engines for industrial applications4.14 Comparison between spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines4.15 NOx emission reduction techniques4.16 Particulate Matter (PM) Emission Reduction TechniquesSolved Numerical ProblemsSummaryReferencesChapter 5 Basic Processes of Internal Combustion Engines5.1 Spark Ignition Engines5.2 Compression Ignition Engines5.3 Analysis of IC Engine process using model and simulationSummaryReferencesChapter 6 Utilization of Bio-fuels in Spark Ignition Engines6.1 Introduction6.2 Liquid Bio-fuels6.3 Utilization of Methanol in Spark ignition engines6.4 Utilization of Ethanol in Spark ignition engines6.5 Utilization of Butanol in Spark ignition engines 6.6 Utilization of Raw Biogas in Spark Ignition Engines6.7 Utilization of Enriched Biogas in Spark Ignition Engines6.8 Utilization of Hydrogen in Spark Ignition Engines Solved Numerical problemsSummaryReferencesChapter 7 Utilization of Bio-fuels in Compression Ignition Engines7.1 General Working Principle of Compression Ignition Engines7.2 Emissions7.3 Utilization of Bio-diesel in Compression Ignition Engines7.4 Utilization of Fisher-Tropsch Diesel in Compression Ignition Engines7.5 Utilization of Dimethyl Ether in Compression Ignition EnginesSummarySolved Numerical ProblemsReferencesChapter 8 Bio-fuelled reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine8.1 Introduction to Heterogeneous Charge, Pre-mixed charge, Homogenous Charge and Reactivity Charge8.2 Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)8.3 Case Study: (Fuel: Diesel/CNG/HCNG), (Engine mode: Dual fuel RCCI)Solved Numerical ProblemsSummaryReferencesChapter 9 Effect of Bio-fuels on Greenhouse Gases9.1 Introduction to Greenhouse Gases9.2 Greenhouse effect by GHG gases in the Atmosphere9.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Internal Combustion Engines9.4 Whether Bio-fuels are Carbon Neutral Fuel or Not?9.5 Carbon dioxide (CO2) Emission from Internal Combustion Engines9.6 Effect of gaseous fuels (CNG/Hydrogen) on CO2 in a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine (CNG-Diesel, Hydrogen-Diesel)9.7 Effect of carbon content in fuel on CO2 emission 9.8 Effect of energy efficiency on CO2 emission 9.9 Methane (CH4) emission from internal combustion engines 9.10 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emission form internal combustion engines Solved Numerical Problems Unsolved Problems SummaryReferencesChapter 10 Answers to Frequently Asked QuestionsReferenceIndex