Biodiversity, Sustainability and Human Communities: Protecting Beyond the Protected

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Figures......Page 11
Tables......Page 12
Contributors......Page 14
Preface......Page 17
Part I Setting the scene......Page 19
Biodiversity and the fraying web of life......Page 21
On biodiversity and resilience......Page 24
On the loss of biodiversity......Page 27
Setting the aims of the text......Page 33
Biodiversity and ecosystem advocacy: some definitions and interpretations......Page 39
Incorporating people for protecting biodiversity......Page 42
Postscript: a changing world order......Page 44
REFERENCES......Page 46
Part II Policy and management......Page 49
Introduction......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 61
Introduction and background......Page 64
Public support for biodiversity......Page 65
Leadership......Page 66
Institutional failures......Page 68
Perverse subsidies......Page 69
Efficient funding and biodiversity hotspots......Page 70
Protected areas: no longer the front-line strategy?......Page 71
Scientific uncertainty and public policy......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 76
Saving nature in protected areas......Page 79
Wilderness ideas......Page 81
Modern dispossessions......Page 82
Knowledges of nature......Page 84
Social capital and collective action......Page 87
Common rules, norms and sanctions......Page 88
Connectedness, networks and groups......Page 89
Social and human capital as prerequisites for improving biodiversity......Page 90
Participation and inclusive social learning......Page 92
Lessons from inclusive social capital programmes with positive biodiversity outcomes......Page 94
Conclusions for socially inclusive biodiversity protection......Page 95
REFERENCES......Page 101
On deliberative democracy......Page 105
Empowerment and shared governance......Page 109
On widening the basis of governance......Page 111
Dampening the enthusiasm......Page 117
The experience of participatory policy awareness......Page 120
On inclusionary participation and biodiversity management......Page 123
Acknowledgement......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 128
Part III Case studies......Page 131
The changing policy environment for biodiversity in the European Union......Page 133
Europe’s track record......Page 137
The emergence and persistence of the EU Habitats Directive......Page 138
Monitoring performance......Page 141
Aspirations......Page 144
The German experience......Page 146
The Finnish experience......Page 148
The Hickling experience......Page 151
REFERENCES......Page 157
Introduction......Page 160
Biodiversity status and protection in the United States......Page 161
Trends in community-based efforts......Page 164
The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds......Page 167
The Quincy Library Group......Page 170
Future directions for community-based biodiversity protection in the US......Page 175
Lessons for local communities......Page 176
Lessons for environmental groups......Page 177
Lessons for agencies......Page 178
Final observations......Page 180
REFERENCES......Page 181
Introduction......Page 186
Conservation of biodiversity in South Africa......Page 187
Origins of the CAPE project......Page 189
Biodiversity analysis......Page 190
Analysis of key issues......Page 191
Participative strategy development......Page 192
Addressing obstacles to inclusiveness......Page 194
Strategy development......Page 195
Biodiversity and socio-economic development......Page 198
Implementation programming......Page 200
Raising awareness and creating commitment......Page 202
Engaging the drivers of biodiversity loss......Page 203
Financing implementation......Page 204
REFERENCES......Page 205
An African introductory scene......Page 207
The modern policy framework......Page 210
Trophy hunting activities......Page 212
Endangered species convention......Page 214
Namibian elephants and CITES......Page 216
Namibia’s new conservancy policy......Page 217
The Grootberg Conservancy......Page 222
Wildlife management in Namibia: the conservancy approach......Page 225
Some lessons learned......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 227
The state of biodiversity in Brazil......Page 228
Brazilian protected areas......Page 234
Effectiveness of protected areas management in Brazil......Page 240
The politics of biodiversity in Brazil......Page 247
Private initiatives and biodiversity management......Page 251
Conclusion......Page 256
REFERENCES......Page 258
Biodiversity under threat in Costa Rica......Page 261
Costa Rica’s policy for the protection of forests......Page 264
The role of private enterprise and NGOs......Page 268
The Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde as an example of participatory regional development......Page 270
Conclusions......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 276
Introduction......Page 278
Threats to biodiversity in Estonia......Page 279
Biodiversity policies in Estonia......Page 280
Designation of the West-Estonian Archipelago Biosphere Reserve......Page 281
Biosphere reserve management......Page 282
An example of community-based management......Page 283
Conclusions......Page 285
Daniela Hamidovic......Page 286
Taxonomic deficits and delayed biodiversity action plans......Page 287
Bat ecology and conservation in karstic environments......Page 290
Damayati Buchori and David Ardhian......Page 293
Damage to forest ecosystems......Page 295
Coastal resources also in crisis......Page 296
Damage to agro-ecosystems......Page 297
Disputes over national parks: the illegal logging of protected areas......Page 298
The politics of biodiversity in Indonesia......Page 299
Involvement of the stakeholders......Page 300
Local involvement in biodiversity management: building the new perspective in an emerging democracy......Page 301
Conclusion......Page 305
REFERENCES......Page 306
Part IV Perspective......Page 311
On biodiversity and humanity......Page 313
Ecological advocacy and biodiversity strategy......Page 315
Sustainability science and biodiversity advocacy......Page 318
On social resilience and vulnerability......Page 320
Redesigning agro-ecosystems for biodiversity resilience......Page 322
Public–private partnerships in biodiversity and the ecosystem approach......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 327
Epilogue......Page 329
Index......Page 333