Biodegradation of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals (Sustainable Industrial and Environmental Bioprocesses)

Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
List of Editors
List of Contributors
Chapter 1 Biodegradation of Petrochemical Refinery Wastewater
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Toxic Behavior of Petroleum Hydrocarbon
	1.3 Microbial Degradation of Petrochemical Hydrocarbon Pollutants
	1.4 Factors Affecting Degradation
		1.4.1 Effect of Temperature
		1.4.2 Effect of Electron Acceptors
		1.4.3 Effect of Salinity and Pressure
		1.4.4 Effect of Substrate and Properties
	1.5 Mechanism of Degradation
	1.6 Enzyme’s Role in Hydrocarbon Degradation
	1.7 Microalgae Approach
	1.8 Water Reutilization
	1.9 Challenges and Future Perspectives
	1.10 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 2 Biodegradation of Anti-Inflammatory, Non-Steroidal, Pharmaceutical Active Compounds
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Frequently Used Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
	2.2 Environmental Toxicity and Health Hazards of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
	2.3 Exclusion of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewaters
		2.3.1 Biodegradation Mechanism
	2.4 Microbial Degradation
		2.4.1 Ibuprofen
		2.4.2 Naproxen
		2.4.3 Diclofenac
		2.4.4 Ketoprofen
	2.5 Microbial Degradation Utilising Mixed Cultures
	2.6 Applications and Drawbacks of Bioremediation Techniques
	2.7 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 3 Biodegradation of Catechol in Sequential Batch Reactor
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Materials and Methods
		3.2.1 General
		3.2.2 Experimental Set-Up
		3.2.3 Experimental Procedure and Analysis
		3.2.4 Physicochemical and Thermal Characterization
	3.3 Results and Discussion
		3.3.1 Effect of MLSS Concentration
		3.3.2 Effect of Initial Catechol Loading
		3.3.3 Comparison of Kinetic Model Results with Experimental Kinetic Data
		3.3.4 Biodegradation Kinetics
		3.3.5 Sludge Analysis
	3.4 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 4 Biodegradation and Decolorization of Textile Wastewater by Sequential Aerobic/Microaerophilic, Aerobic and Microaerophilic Processes
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Degradation or Decolorization Study of the Dye
		4.2.1 Preparation of Synthetic Textile Effluent
		4.2.2 Decolorization/Degradation Batch Study
	4.3 Microbial Action on the Dye
		4.3.1 Effect of Initial Dye Concentration
		4.3.2 Mechanism
		4.3.3 Kinetic Modeling for Substrate Utilization
	4.4 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 5 Bio-Adsorbent-Based Integrated System
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Bacteria, Fungi and Algae
		5.2.1 Bacteria
		5.2.2 Fungi
		5.2.3 Algae
	5.3 Agricultural, Agro-Industrial and Forestry Wastes (AFWs)
	5.4 Engineered Bio-Adsorbents
		5.4.1 Chemical Treatments
		5.4.2 Thermal Treatment
	5.5 Recovery and Regeneration
	5.6 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 6 Carbon-Based Hybrid Metal Composites for the Degradation of Toxic Chemicals
	List of Abbreviations
	6.1 Introduction
		6.1.1 Bibliometric Analysis
	6.2 Carbon-Based Metal Hybrids for Photodegradation
		6.2.1 Graphene-Based Metal Composites
		6.2.2 Carbon-Nanodot-Based Metal Composites
		6.2.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Metal Composites
		6.2.4 Carbon-Nanofiber-Based Metal Composites
		6.2.5 Carbon-Based Material Metal-Organic Frameworks Composites
		6.2.6 Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Metal Composites
	6.3 Carbon-Based Metal Hybrids for Photocatalytic Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants
	6.4 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 7 Microbial Biofilms in Biodegradation of Toxic Chemicals
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 Formation of Microbial Biofilms
		7.1.2 Composition and Structure of Biofilms
		7.1.3 Quorum Sensing in Bacteria
	7.2 Bioremediation
		7.2.1 Different Types of Bioremediation
		7.2.2 Role of Microbial Biofilms in Bioremediation
		7.2.3 Factors Affecting Microbial Remediation
		7.2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microbial Remediation
	7.3 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 8 Microbial Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Types of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
		8.2.1 Bisphenol A (BPA)
		8.2.2 Dioxins
		8.2.3 Perchlorate
		8.2.4 Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
		8.2.5 Phthalates
		8.2.6 Phytoestrogens
		8.2.7 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)
		8.2.8 Triclosan
	8.3 Toxic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
	8.4 Approaches to Remove Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
		8.4.1 Adsorption Technology
		8.4.2 Removal of EDCs by Membrane
		8.4.3 Photocatalytic Degradation
		8.4.4 Enzymatic Degradation
		8.4.5 Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation Processes
		8.4.6 Removal of EDCs Using Hybrid Treatment Process
	8.5 Microbial Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
		8.5.1 Bacterial Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
		8.5.2 Fungal Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
		8.5.3 Algal Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
	8.6 Application of Nanotechnology in Biodegradation of EDCs
	8.7 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 9 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Mediated by Cyanobacteria
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Cyanobacteria in Bioremediation
	9.3 Metal Removal by Biosorption and Transportation (Adsorption) in Cyanobacteria
	9.4 Metal Removal by Bioaccumulation in Cyanobacteria
	9.5 Effect of Heavy Metal on Cyanobacteria
	9.6 Advantages of Bioremediation by Cyanobacteria
	9.7 Challenges Associated with Bioremediation via Cyanobacteria
	9.8 Genetic Engineering Aspects of the Cyanobacteria
		9.8.1 Enhancement of Biosorption via Genome Manipulation of the EPS
		9.8.2 Alleviation of the Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metal by Genetic Engineering
	9.9 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	Bibliography
Chapter 10 Metal Recovery from Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Bioleaching: A Greener Approach
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Bioleaching
		10.2.1 Bacteria for Bioleaching
		10.2.2 Heterotrophic Fungi
	10.3 Bioleaching Mechanisms
		10.3.1 Autotrophic Bacteria Leaching
		10.3.2 Mechanism of Metal Leaching Using Heterotrophic Fungi
	10.4 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Chapter 11 Microplastics Pollution: A Perspective on the Source, Fate, Impact, Identification and Extraction from the Environment
	11.1 Introduction
		11.1.1 Sources of Microplastics
	11.2 Adverse Effects of Microplastics in the Food Chain
		11.2.1 Microplastics in the Food Chain
	11.3 Sampling, Extraction, Purification and Identical Approaches for Microplastic
		11.3.1 Extraction
		11.3.2 Visual Sorting
		11.3.3 Density Separation
		11.3.4 Filtration
		11.3.5 Magnetic Extraction
		11.3.6 Matrix Removal
	11.4 Quantification and Identification
	11.5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	Bibliography
Index