Biodegradable and sustainable fibres (Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles)

Cover Page......Page 1
Related titles from Woodhead’s textile technology list......Page 3
Title: Biodegradable and sustainable fibres......Page 4
ISBN 185573916X......Page 5
Contributor contact details......Page 12
Contents (with page links)......Page 6
Introduction......Page 16
Biodegradable fibres......Page 17
Sustainable fibres......Page 21
References......Page 22
1.2 Background and terminology......Page 24
1.3 Incubation conditions used for studying biodegradation of fibers and films......Page 31
1.4 Sources of microorganisms and enzymes for laboratory incubations......Page 35
1.5 Analytical methods used to assess biodegradation of fibers and films......Page 40
1.6 Examples of types of bonds that are susceptible to enzymatic attack......Page 47
1.7 Future trends......Page 52
1.9 References......Page 54
2.1 Introduction......Page 59
2.2 Flax......Page 60
2.3 Hemp......Page 74
2.4 Jute......Page 83
2.5 Ramie......Page 93
2.6 Kenaf......Page 101
2.7 Abaca......Page 104
2.9 References......Page 109
3.1 Introduction......Page 112
3.2 The chemical nature of alginate materials......Page 115
3.3 Physical properties of alginate-based materials......Page 119
3.4 Industrial applications of alginates......Page 123
3.5 Fabrication of alginates as useful flexible substrates in medical textile-based products......Page 124
3.6 Alginates in bioengineering......Page 128
3.7 References......Page 130
4.1 Introduction......Page 134
4.2 Life cycle assessment (LCA)......Page 135
4.3 The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions on wood and cellulose......Page 143
4.4 Biodegradability of cellulose fibres in textile blends......Page 154
4.5 Biotechnology for manufacture and modification of cellulosic fibres......Page 156
4.6 Enzyme applications in fabric and dyestuff processing......Page 163
4.7 Hygienic and medical fibres......Page 167
4.8 Future trends......Page 173
4.9 References......Page 174
5.1 Introduction......Page 180
5.2 Process description......Page 182
5.3 Lyocell sustainability......Page 188
5.4 Lyocell fibre properties......Page 194
5.5 Lyocell in textiles......Page 195
5.6 Lyocell – a versatile, high performance fibre for nonwovens......Page 204
5.7 Marketing......Page 210
5.9 Sources of further information......Page 211
6.1 Introduction......Page 214
6.2 Chemistry and manufacture of PLA polymer resin......Page 215
6.3 PLA fiber properties......Page 220
6.4 Applications......Page 223
6.5 Environmental sustainability......Page 234
6.6 Future trends......Page 241
6.7 References......Page 242
7.1 Introduction......Page 244
7.2 PHA-based oriented structures......Page 245
7.3 Poly(caprolactone)-based fibres......Page 255
7.4 Structure of drawn fibres......Page 258
7.5 Thermal properties......Page 259
7.6 Enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation......Page 260
7.7 Other biodegradable and sustainable polyesters......Page 261
7.8 Application of polyester-based biodegradable fibres......Page 262
7.9 Future trends and concluding remarks......Page 264
7.10 References......Page 265
8.2 Silk structures......Page 268
8.3 Development of fibre: the feedstock......Page 271
8.4 Development of fibre: spinning......Page 278
8.5 Performance characteristics......Page 279
8.7 Future trends......Page 285
8.9 References and sources of further information......Page 287
9.1 Introduction......Page 294
9.2 Biodegradable fibers......Page 297
9.3 Biodegradable resins......Page 302
9.4 Soy protein-based green composites......Page 318
9.6 Acknowledgements......Page 327
9.7 References......Page 328
10.1 Introduction......Page 333
10.2 Nonwoven fabrics......Page 334
10.3 Fiber consumption in nonwovens......Page 337
10.4 Web formation methods......Page 338
10.5 Web bonding techniques......Page 342
10.6 Technology and relative production rate......Page 344
10.7 Recent research on biodegradable nonwovens......Page 345
10.8 Applications of biodegradable nonwovens......Page 359
10.9 Flushable nonwovens......Page 360
10.11 Sources of further information and advice......Page 361
10.12 References......Page 363
11.1 Introduction......Page 366
11.2 Fundamental aspects of geotextiles......Page 367
11.3 Fibres used for natural geotextile products......Page 368
11.4 Fibre extraction and preparation......Page 374
11.5 Production of natural geotextile products......Page 378
11.6 Measurement of the properties of natural geotextiles......Page 385
11.7 References......Page 388
12.1 Introduction......Page 390
12.2 Cellulose in liquid ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate solutions......Page 391
12.3 Fibers from chitin and chitosan......Page 403
12.4 Future trends......Page 416
12.5 Sources of further information......Page 417
12.6 References......Page 418
13.2 The soya bean plant......Page 421
13.3 Naming regenerated protein fibres......Page 423
13.4 The need for new fibre sources......Page 424
13.5 Generalised method for producing soya bean fibre in the mid-twentieth century......Page 436
13.6 Contemporary research into alternative protein fibre sources......Page 443
13.7 Contemporary methods for producing fibres from soya bean protein......Page 445
13.8 Fibre characteristics......Page 448
13.9 Identifying soya bean protein fibres......Page 451
13.10 Degradation behaviour......Page 454
13.12 Conclusion......Page 457
13.14 References......Page 458
A......Page 464
B......Page 465
C......Page 466
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G......Page 469
J......Page 470
M......Page 471
O......Page 473
P......Page 474
S......Page 475
U......Page 478
X,Y,Z......Page 479