Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Biochemical Applications of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy......Page 8
ISBN 1420068598......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 12
Introduction......Page 15
REFERENCES......Page 16
CONTENTS......Page 17
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 18
A. SYSTEMS WITH A SMALL NUMBER OF DISCRETE STATES......Page 19
B. DISTRIBUTION OF BARRIER HEIGHTS......Page 22
C. WHAT CAN BE MEASURED......Page 25
2. Time-Resolved Crystallography......Page 26
B. PUMP-PROBE STUDIES OF MB-CO RECOMBINATION......Page 28
1. General Principles......Page 32
2. Diffractive Optics-Based Four-Wave Mixing with Heterodyne Detection......Page 33
1. MbCO in Aqueous Solutions......Page 35
2. Non-Exponential Kinetics and Dynamics of MbCO in a Glass......Page 37
1. Extraction of the Distribution of Relaxation Functions from Experimental Data......Page 39
2. Determination of Certain Physical Parameters from Pump-Probe and Transient Grating Measurements......Page 40
REFERENCES......Page 45
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 49
A. TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE......Page 51
B. EXCITATION OF FLUORESCENCE......Page 52
C. SCANNING AND IMAGING......Page 53
2. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy......Page 55
A. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PH OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM......Page 56
B. DETECTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN THE SKIN......Page 58
IV. SUMMARY......Page 61
REFERENCES......Page 62
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 67
A. TIME-CORRELATED SINGLE PHOTON COUNTING AND STREAK CAMERA......Page 69
B. FLUORESCENCE UP-CONVERSION AND OPTICAL KERR GATE......Page 70
A. APPARATUS OF THE FEMTOSECOND FLUORESCENCE UP-CONVERSION MICROSCOPE......Page 72
B. TIME, TRANSVERSE (XY), AXIAL (Z) RESOLUTION......Page 73
C. APPLICATION 1: FEMTOSECOND TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE FROM A FLUORESCENT BEAD......Page 76
D. APPLICATION 2: FEMTOSECOND FLUORESCENCE DYNAMICS IMAGING FROM TETRACENE-DOPED ANTHRACENE MICROCRYSTAL......Page 77
IV. NON-SCANNING PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE KERR GATE MICROSCOPE......Page 79
A. APPARATUS OF THE NON-SCANNING PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE KERR GATE MICROSCOPE......Page 80
B. TIME, TRANSVERSE (XY) RESOLUTION......Page 81
C. APPLICATION: PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE IMAGING OF alpha-PERYLENE MICROCRYSTALS......Page 83
V. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 85
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 87
A. NONLINEAR LIGHT–MATTER INTERACTIONS......Page 89
B. MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION FLUORESCENCE......Page 90
C. SECOND HARMONIC GENERATION......Page 92
D. THIRD HARMONIC GENERATION......Page 93
E. MULTICONTRAST MICROSCOPY......Page 94
III. INSTRUMENTATION OF THE MULTICONTRAST NONLINEAR MICROSCOPE......Page 95
A. THE MICROSCOPE......Page 97
B. SCANNING AND DETECTION SYSTEMS......Page 98
C. LASER SOURCES......Page 99
B. STRUCTURAL CROSS-CORRELATION IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR THREE IMAGES......Page 101
V. NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY OF STARCH GRANULES......Page 103
VI. MULTICONTRAST NONLINEAR IMAGING OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEMS......Page 105
A. IMAGING AGGREGATES OF THE GREEN PLANT LIGHT-HARVESTING PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEX LHCII......Page 106
B. HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF CHLOROPLASTS......Page 107
VII. MULTICONTRAST NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY OF MUSCLE CELLS......Page 109
VIII. MULTICONTRAST NONLINEAR MICROSCOPY OF H&E STAINED HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 113
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 119
II. LASER SOURCE FOR CARS MICROSCOPY......Page 120
III. IMPROVING DETECTION SENSITIVITY OF CARS MICROSCOPY......Page 124
IV. CARS ENDOSCOPE......Page 130
V. COMBINING CARS AND THG IMAGING......Page 135
REFERENCES......Page 138
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 141
A. THEORY OF THIRD HARMONIC GENERATION......Page 144
B. THIRD HARMONIC MICROSCOPY OF SUBMICRON PARTICLES......Page 147
C. THIRD HARMONIC MICROSCOPY: FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 154
A. VIBRATIONAL MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 156
B. CARS MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 157
C. NONRESONANT BACKGROUND IN CARS MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 161
2. Heterodyne Detection......Page 162
3. Time-Delayed Methods......Page 164
4. Phase Retrieval Algorithms......Page 166
D. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR BROADBAND CARS MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 168
A. PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZATION......Page 171
B. VIBRATIONAL FLOW CYTOMETRY......Page 173
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
CONTENTS......Page 183
I. INTRODUCTION: NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPIC SIGNALS FOR MICROSCOPIC IMAGING......Page 184
II. BROADBAND FEMTOSECOND PULSES IN MICROSCOPY......Page 187
III. EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION: SOURCES AND PULSE SHAPERS......Page 190
IV. IN SITU PULSE COMPRESSION AND CHARACTERIZATION......Page 193
A. INTRODUCTION TO FEMTOSECOND AND SINGLE-BEAM CARS......Page 195
B. SINGLE-BEAM TIME-RESOLVED CARS MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 200
C. TIME-DOMAIN CONTROL AND OBSERVATION OF MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS IN CARS MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 201
E. CHEMICAL IMAGING......Page 202
F. IMPROVING SENSITIVITY WITH HETERODYNE CARS DETECTION......Page 204
VI. BROADBAND MULTIPHOTON FLUORESCENCE MICROSPECTROSCOPY......Page 206
REFERENCES......Page 208
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 213
II. PULSE DISPERSION......Page 214
III. MEASURING AND ELIMINATING PULSE DISPERSION......Page 216
IV. COMPENSATED PULSES RESULTS IN HIGHER SIGNAL IN TWO-PHOTON IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES......Page 217
V. TWO-PHOTON DEPTH IMAGING......Page 219
VI. EFFECT OF DISPERSION COMPENSATION ON PHOTOBLEACHING......Page 220
VII. SELECTIVE TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 226
I. THE IMPORTANCE OF PHASE......Page 229
A. THE TIGHTLY FOCUSED FIELD......Page 232
B. NONLINEAR EXCITATION AT THE FOCUS......Page 234
A. WHY INTERFEROMETRY IS USEFUL......Page 236
B. NONLINEAR INTERFEROMETRY AND SPECTRAL RESONANCES......Page 238
C. INTERFERENCE IN FOCUS......Page 240
D. INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING......Page 242
A. PHASE SHAPED EXCITATION FIELDS......Page 243
B. SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE......Page 245
C. INTERFACE HIGHLIGHTING......Page 246
D. IMAGING WITH PHASE-SHAPED BEAMS......Page 248
E. COMBINING FE-CARS WITH INTERFEROMETRIC TECHNIQUES......Page 249
V. PHASE DISTORTIONS......Page 250
REFERENCES......Page 251
APPENDIX......Page 254
CONTENTS......Page 255
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 256
A. PHOTON CONFINEMENTS IN THE NEAR-FIELD: EVANESCENT FIELD AS A NANOLIGHT SOURCE......Page 258
B. A METALLIC PROBE TIP ENHANCES THE NANOLIGHT SOURCE: TIP-ENHANCEMENT EFFECT......Page 260
C. GENERAL TERS MICROSCOPY CONFIGURATION......Page 261
D. SELECTIVE DETECTION OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MOLECULES BY TERS......Page 263
E. SELECTIVE DETECTION OF DIFFERENT VIBRATION MODES IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES......Page 265
III. NONLINEAR EFFECT IN TIP-ENHANCED MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY......Page 267
A. TIP-ENHANCED COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING......Page 268
B. TE-CARS MICROSCOPY CONFIGURATION......Page 269
C. DNA IMAGING BY TE-CARS......Page 270
D. NONLINEAR EMISSIONS FROM TIP......Page 273
IV. COMBINATION OF TIP-ENHANCEMENT AND SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY......Page 275
A. TIP-ENHANCED SHG MICROSCOPY TOWARD BIO-APPLICATIONS......Page 276
B. TIP-ENHANCED SFG MICROSCOPY......Page 277
C. TIP-ENHANCED HYPER-RAMAN MICROSCOPY......Page 278
D. MULTIPOLE CONTRIBUTIONS IN TIP-ENHANCED NEAR-FIELD SPECTROSCOPY......Page 279
V. CONCLUSION......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 281
Index (with page links)......Page 289
Back Page......Page 295