Bioceramics, Biomimetic and Other Compatible Materials Features for Medical Applications

Preface I
Preface II
Contents
Bone Substitutes and Osteogenic Biomaterials
Tailoring the Microenvironment of Cells Towards Osteogenic Differentiation Using Multilayers of Glycosaminoglycans and Growth Factor Immobilization
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Part
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (PEM)
		2.3 Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and Surface Properties
		2.4 BMP-2 Loading and Release Study via ELISA
		2.5 Cell Adhesion Studies
		2.6 Osteogenic Differentiation of Cells
	3 Results
		3.1 Physicochemical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (PEM)
		3.2 BMP-2 Release Study
		3.3 Adhesion and Spreading of Cells Seeded on Native and Oxidized Multilayers
		3.4 Osteogenic Differentiation of Cells Seeded on Multilayers Composed of Native and Oxidized GAGs
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Effect of Polyanion and Polycation on Multilayer Formation
		4.2 Biological Studies
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biology of Ceramic Bone Substitutes
	1 Introduction
	2 Bone Substitute Materials (Bioceramics)
		2.1 Natural Bioceramics
		2.2 Synthetic Bioceramics
		2.3 3D Printing for Manufacturing of Bone Substitute Material
		2.4 Natural Polymer-Based Bone Substitute Materials
	3 Inflammatory Tissue Reaction to Biomaterials and Bone Tissue Healing
		3.1 Inflammation in Physiological Bone Tissue Healing
		3.2 Relationships Between BSM-Associated Tissue Reaction and Bone Tissue Healing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Bioceramics in Orthopedic Surgery
	1 Introduction
	2 Ceramics in Orthopedics and Traumatology
		2.1 Basics of Bone Structure
		2.2 Ceramics
		2.3 Ceramics in Joint Arthroplasties
	References
Materials in Biomedical Applications
Copper(II)-Loaded Polyphosphazenes as a Novel Detoxicant for Sarin
	1 Introduction
	2 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusions
	4 Experimental Procedures
	References
Biomaterials-Cells/Tissues Interactions
Stimuli-responsive Multilayers Based on Thiol Chemistry Controlling Adhesion and Growth of Fibroblasts
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Synthesis of Thiolated Components
		2.3 Characterization of Thiolated Polysaccharides
		2.4 Formation of Multilayers from Native and Thiolated Polysaccharides
		2.5 Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
		2.6 Biological Experiments
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Synthesis and Analysis of Thiolated Compounds
		3.2 Formation and Analysis Multilayers
		3.3 Cyclic Redox-Mediated Switching of Multilayer Cross-Linking and Biological Response
		3.4 Effect of Redox State on Adsorption of Fibronectin and Adhesion of Fibroblasts
	4 Conclusion
	References
Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials Important for Interactions with Cells and Tissues
	1 Introduction
	2 General Characteristics and Application of Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials
		2.1 Hydroxyapatite Ceramics—Research History and Chemical Characteristics
		2.2 HAp-Based Materials—Medical Applications
	3 Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials Important for Interactions with Cells
		3.1 Porosity
		3.2 Particles
		3.3 Surface Topography
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparative in Vitro Study on Anti-inflammatory Activity of Covalent Versus Layer-by-Layer-Bound Heparin and Hyaluronan Including Signal Transduction Through Transcription Factor NF-κB
	1 General Introduction
		1.1 Immobilization Methods of GAGs for Anti-inflammatory Targeting
	2 Results
		2.1 Physical Characterization of GAG-Modified Surfaces
		2.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity of GAG-Modified Surfaces
		2.3 Potential Mechanism of Anti-inflammatory Activity of GAG-Modified Surfaces
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Perspectives
	References
Biomimetics in Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Biomimetics in Orthopedic
	References
Production Methods and Testing of Materials for Medical Applications
Multifunctional Bio-ceramic Scaffolds and Composites Fabricated by the Freeze Casting Techniques
	1 Freeze Casting
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Processing Principles
		1.3 Theories
		1.4 Tunable Microstructures
	2 Diatomite-Based Silica Scaffolds
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Fabrication Methods
		2.3 Structural Characterization
		2.4 Mechanical Properties
		2.5 Water Absorption and Retention
		2.6 Thermal Properties
		2.7 Oil–Water Separation
	3 Fish Scale-Derived Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Fabrication Methods
		3.3 Structural Characterization
		3.4 Mechanical Properties
		3.5 Adsorption Properties
		3.6 Biomaterials
	4 Summary
	References
Preparation and Analysis Methods of Bone Ceramic Substitutes
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Fundamentals of Bone Substitutes
		1.2 Bioceramics
		1.3 Bioactive Glass
	2 Processing of Ceramic Bone Substitutes
		2.1 Ceramic Scaffolds
		2.2 Composite Materials
	3 Characterization Techniques of Ceramic Bone Substitutes
		3.1 Structure and Composition
		3.2 Mechanical Properties
		3.3 Rheology of Injectable Bone Grafts
	4 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Numerical Model with Experimental Measurements for the Purpose of Testing Partially and Fully Biodegradable Stents
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results for Three-Point Bending Test
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structural and Morphological Characterization of Strontium Ferrite-Ethylcellulose Nanocomposite for Application in Membrane Technology
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Oxygen Enrichment
	2 Ethylcellulose-Based Magnetic Nanocomposite Thin Films
		2.1 SQUID Analysis of SrFe12O19 Nanoparticles
		2.2 FESEM Analysis of the EC-SrFe Nanocomposite Membrane Thin Films
		2.3 AFM Analysis of Thin Films
		2.4 FTIR Analysis of Thin Films EC and EC-SrFe
		2.5 Vickers Microhardness Test
		2.6 Tensile Test
		2.7 Permeability Test of Nanocomposite Membranes EC-SrFe12O19
	3 Conclusion
	References
Unusual Chemical Reactivity at Low Temperatures of Buckminsterfullerene C60
	1 Introduction
	2 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusion
	4 Experimental Procedures
	References
The Nanomaterials Fractal Characterization and Bioforensic Science
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Nanomaterials
		1.2 Fingerprinting Method
		1.3 Short Intro to Fractals
	2 Experimental Part
		2.1 Photoluminescent Bi-Sillenite Nanopowder Synthesis and Characterization
		2.2 Photoluminescent Y and Ag Doped Nanopowders Synthesis and Characterization
		2.3 Preparation for the Fractal Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Application of Nanopowders in Forensic Science
		3.2 Nanomaterials Based on Doped Bi, Y and Ag Cations
		3.3 The Nanomaterials Fractal Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Natural Patterns, Theoretical Models and New Insights in Material Characterization
Medical Devices Based on Mimicry in Light-Matter Interaction: “Structured Matter Meets Structured Light”
	1 Introduction
	2 Mimicry from Nature and Biosystems
	3 Mimetic in Light-Matter Interaction
		3.1 Mirror Mimetic in Light-Matter Interaction
		3.2 Capture Mimetic in Light-Matter Interaction
	4 Biomimetics Light Devices
		4.1 Mirror Mimicry: Opto Magnetic Imaging Spectroscopy (OMIS)
		4.2 Capture Mimicry: Hyperpolarized Light
		4.3 Material for the Fibonacci Light Structure
		4.4 Thin Films Based on the C60 Molecule
		4.5 System for the Generation of Hyperpolarized Light
	5 Applications of Biomimetic Light Devices in Medicine
		5.1 OMIS Devices Based on Mirror Mimicry of Matter in Light-Matter Interaction
		5.2 Biomedical Devices Based on Captured Mimicry in Light-Matter Interaction
	References
Brownian Motion Fractal Nature Frontiers Within the Matter
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Two Dimensional Case
		1.2 Three Dimensional Case
	2 Results and Discussion
	3 Conclusion
	References
Graph Theory Approach in Synthetized Diamonds Electrophysical Parameters Defining
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Short Intro with Graph Theory New Frontiers
	2 Experimental Part
		2.1 HFCVD for NCD and C-UNCD Films
		2.2 Measurement of Film Surface Morphology, Roughness, Average Grain Size and Electrical Conductivity
		2.3 Samples Grown with Different Ammonia Conditions
	3 Experimental Data
		3.1 Theoretical Experiment Based on Graph Theory Application
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Outlook
	6 Conclusion
	References
Neural Networks from Biophysical Applications in Microelectronics Parameters Measurements
	1 Back Propagation Method Basis
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Theoretical Experiment by Neural Network Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Ceramics in Socio-political Fields
Bioceramics and Politics: (Un)likely Encounters
	1 Introduction
	2 Ceramics and Politics: Tale as Old as Time
		2.1 Neolithic Technological Revolution
		2.2 Writing and the Rise of Civilization
		2.3 Glass, Porcelain and the Royal Power
		2.4 Technological Races and Political Prestige
	3 Bioceramics and Biopolitics
		3.1 Brief History of Bioceramics
		3.2 What is Biopolitics?
		3.3 Bioceramical Cyborgs?
	4 Technological Versus Political Considerations: Equality and Distribution of the Future
		4.1 Bioceramics and Its Applications: Why and for Whom?
		4.2 Price, Efficiency, Accessibility: Unequal Distribution of Future
	5 Conclusions
	References