Bioadhesives in drug delivery

Cover --
Title Page --
Copyright Page --
Contents --
Preface --
Part 1 Fundamental Aspects --
Chapter 1 Introduction, Theories and Mechanisms of Bioadhesion --
1.1 Introduction --
1.1.1 Historical Perspective --
1.1.2 Bioadhesion in Biological Systems --
1.1.3 Bioadhesive/Mucoadhesive --
1.1.4 Factors Affecting Mucoadhesion --
1.1.4.1 Molecular Weight of Polymer --
1.1.4.2 Concentration of Polymer Used --
1.1.4.3 Flexibility of Polymer Chains --
1.1.4.4 Swelling --
1.1.4.5 pH at Polymer-Mucus Interface --
1.1.4.6 Mucin Turnover Rate --
1.1.4.7 Stereochemistry --
1.2 Bioadhesive Interactions 1.3 The Mechanistic Approach to Bioadhesion --
1.4 Factors Controlling Bioadhesion --
1.4.1 Chemical Interactions --
1.4.1.1 Mussel Adhesion --
1.4.1.2 Cell Adhesion to Biomaterials --
1.4.2 Surface Morphology Effects --
1.4.3 Physiological Factors --
1.4.4 Physical and Mechanical Factors --
1.4.4.1 Wetting Phenomenon --
1.4.4.2 Interpenetration --
1.5 Theories of Bioadhesion --
1.5.1 Wetting Theory --
1.5.2 Diffusion Theory --
1.5.3 Electronic Theory --
1.5.4 Adsorption Theory --
1.5.5 Fracture Theory --
1.6 Stages of Mucoadhesion --
1.7 Modulation of Mucoadhesion --
1.8 Adhesion Promoters 1.9 Surface Free Energy Analysis of Bioadhesion --
1.10 Molecular Biology in Bioadhesion --
1.11 Bioadhesives from Marine Sources --
1.12 Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems --
1.13 Summary --
References --
Chapter 2 Bioadhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications --
2.1 Introduction --
2.1.1 Drug Delivery --
2.2 Bioadhesive/Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems --
2.2.1 Some Advantages of the Bioadhesive/Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems --
2.2.2 The General Need for Bioadhesive/Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems --
2.3 Mechanism of Bioadhesion 2.4 Requirements for an Ideal Bioadhesive/ Mucoadhesive Polymer --
2.5 Factors Affecting Bioadhesion/Mucoadhesion --
2.5.1 Polymer Related Factors --
2.5.1.1 Molecular Weight --
2.5.1.2 Chain Length --
2.5.1.3 Flexibility --
2.5.1.4 Cross-Linking --
2.5.1.5 Presence of Functional Groups --
2.5.1.6 Concentration of Active Polymer --
2.5.2 Environmental Factors --
2.5.2.1 pH and Charge on the Polymer --
2.5.2.2 Degree of Hydration --
2.5.2.3 Initial Contact Time --
2.5.2.4 Applied Pressure --
2.5.2.5 Swelling --
2.5.2.6 Ionic Strength --
2.5.2.7 Mucus Gel Viscosity --
2.5.3 Physiological Factors 2.5.3.1 Mucin Turnover --
2.5.3.2 Disease States --
2.6 Bioadhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications --
2.6.1 Polymers --
2.6.1.1 Natural Polymers --
2.6.1.2 Synthetic Polymers --
2.6.2 Bioadhesive/Mucoadhesive Polymers --
2.6.3 Classification of Mucoadhesive Polymers --
2.6.3.1 Classification Based on the Origin of the Polymer --
2.6.3.2 Classification Based on Aqueous Solubility of the Polymer --
2.6.3.3 Classification Based on the Type of Charge on the Polymer --
2.6.4 Natural Polymers --
2.6.4.1 Chitosan --
2.6.4.2 Starch --
2.6.4.3 Gelatin --
2.6.4.4 Alginates