Beyond the Racial State: Rethinking Nazi Germany

Cover
Half-title
Series information
Title page
Copyright information
Table of contents
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
	Burleigh and Wippermann’s The Racial State
	The Historiographical Context
	Questioning the Consensus about Nazi Racial Ideology
	Comparative and Historical Perspectives
	Race, Science, and Nazi Biopolitics
	Anti-Semitism Beyond Race
	Race and Society
	Race War? Germans and Non-Germans in Wartime
	Concluding Reflections
	Notes
Part I Comparative and Historical Perspectives
	1 Racial Discourse, Nazi Violence, and the Limits of the Racial State Model
		Race to Reification
		Race Sciences
		Race Cultures
		Anti-Semitism, Race, and People
		The People’s Community
		Racial States, Nation-States, and Genocide
		Conclusion
		Notes
	2 The Murder of European Jewry: Nazi Genocide in Continental Perspective
		The Greater European Background
		War, National Consolidation Projects, and Genocide in Harmony
		‘‘Cleansing’’ Germany’s Empire, Destroying Eastern Jewry
		The Europeanization of Genocide: Dynamics of ‘‘Intent’’
		War and Genocide in Tension at the European Level
		The Completion of Genocide Within the German Empire
		Hungary 1944: Balkan Geopolitics and Genocide
		Conclusions and Coda
		Notes
	3 Meanings of Race and Biopolitics in Historical Perspective
		Race as a Biopolitical Category
		Colonial Racial Politics in Germany
		(Not) Coming to Terms with National Socialist Racial Politics
		Notes
	4 Racial States in Comparative Perspective
		Notes
Part II Race, Science, and Nazi Biopolitics
	5 Eugenics, Racial Science, and Nazi Biopolitics: Was There a Genesis of the ‘‘Final Solution’’ from the Spirit of Science?
		Conflicts over Sterilization Policy
		The Fischer Controversy
		The Controversy over the Notion of a ‘‘German Race’’
		Science in Nazi Germany: Science or Pseudoscience?
		Science and Politics in a Polycratic Regime
		Was there a ‘‘Genesis of the ‘Final Solution’ from the Spirit of Science’’?
		Did Racial Science Become Radicalized under the Nazi Regime?
		Conclusion
		Notes
	6 Race Science, Race Mysticism, and the Racial State
		Notes
	7 Ideology’s Logic: The Evolution of Racial Thought in Germany from the Völkisch Movement to the Third Reich
		The Semantics of Nation, Volk, and Rasse
		Race as Ideology
		Notes
	8 Nazi Medical Crimes, Eugenics, and the Limits of the Racial State Paradigm
		The Nazi Euthanasia Killings: Beyond the Racial State Paradigm?
		Heredity, Race, and Economics in Nazi Health and Welfare Policy
		Toward a Political Economy of Population and Race?
		Notes
Part III Anti-Semitism Beyond Race
	9 ‘‘The axis around which National Socialist ideology turns’’: State Bureaucracy, the Reich Ministry of the Interior, and Racial Policy in the First Years of the Third Reich
		I
		II
		III
		IV
		V
		Notes
	10 Neither Aryan Nor Semite: Reflections on the Meanings of Race in Nazi Germany
		Notes
	11 Racializing Historiography: Anti-Jewish Scholarship in the Third Reich
		The Institutionalization of Nazi Jewish Studies
		The Mindset of Judenforschung
		Race as Spirit and Mind
		Legitimizing Racism and Persecution
		Legitimizing Mass Murder
		Scholarship and Crime
		Notes
Part IV Race and Society
	12 Volksgemeinschaft: A Controversy
		Political Volksgemeinschaft
		Social Volksgemeinschaft
		Racist Volksgemeinschaft
		Historiographical Debates
		Perspectives
		Notes
	13 Mothers, Whores, or Sentimental Dupes? Emotion and Race in Historiographical Debates about Women in the Third Reich
		The Historikerinnenstreit
		Race as Quotidian Practice
		Sexuality, Lust, and Sentimentality
		A Gendered History of Emotions in the Third Reich
		Conclusion
		Notes
	14 Nationalist Mobilization: Foreign Diplomats’ Views on the Third Reich, 1933–1945
		An American View of Mein Kampf
		The Third Reich as a Dictatorship of Mobilization
		Gaps in Perceptions of Nazi Social Policy
		The ‘‘Unlimited Persecution of a Race’’
		The Mass Murder of the Sick and the Disabled
		Conclusion
		Notes
	15 Race and Humor in Nazi Germany
		Humor as a Familiar Cultural Trope
		Humor as a Communicative Contract
		Humor as the Embodiment of Power
		Making Fun, Marking Boundaries
		Notes
	16 Legitimacy Through War?
		Notes
Part V Race War? Germans and Non-Germans in Wartime
	17 Volk Trumps Race: The Deutsche Volksliste in Annexed Poland
		The Racial Turn and Its Pitfalls
		Competing Traditions: Germanizing Poles
		Separating Germans from Poles
		The Struggle for a Unified Selection Process
		Futile Attempts
		Conclusion
		Notes
	18 Sex, Race, Violence, Volksgemeinschaft: German Soldiers’ Sexual Encounters with Local Women and Men during the War and the Occupation in the Soviet Union, 1941–1945
		Heterosexual Violence
		Heterosexual Trade
		Consensual Heterosexual Relations
		Sexual Encounters between Men
		Concluding Remarks
		Notes
	19 The Disintegration of the Racial Basis of the Concentration Camp System
		The Rationalization of the Camp System
		The Lifting of Racial Selection Criteria in the Camps
		Negative Selection
		Positive Selection
		The Abandonment of Racial Criteria in Recruiting Camp Guards
		The Collapse of the Camp System and the ‘‘Death Marches’’
		Notes
Index