Beyond Productivity: Information, Technology, Innovation, and Creativity

Beyond Productivity : Information Technology, Innovation, and Creativity......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgment of Reviewers......Page 12
Contents......Page 14
Summary and Recommendations......Page 18
1.Information Technology,Productivity, and Creativity......Page 32
Inventive and Creative Practices,......Page 33
Domains and Benefits of Creativity,......Page 35
The Creative Industries,......Page 37
Interactions Among Domains of Creative Activity,......Page 39
The Roles of Information Technology,......Page 41
The Race for Creativity in a Networked World,......Page 44
Roadmap for This Report,......Page 45
What Makes People Creative,......Page 47
How Creative People Work,......Page 51
Individuals with Diverse Expertise and Skills,......Page 53
Successful Collaborations,......Page 57
Architecture,......Page 61
Movie Production,......Page 62
Computer Games,......Page 65
Cultural Challenges in Cross-disciplinary Collaborations,......Page 68
Overcoming Preconceived Notions About Computer Scientists
and Artists and Designers,......Page 69
Skills Training,......Page 74
Work Spaces,......Page 75
Strange Bedfellows?,......Page 78
Tools Needed to Support Creative Work: Hardware and Software,......Page 82
Hardware and Software Tools: A Mixed Blessing,......Page 85
Support for Flexibility, Experimentation, and Play,......Page 91
The Internet and the Web,......Page 92
Economic Realities,......Page 98
Standards,......Page 101
Selected Areas for the Development of Hardware
and Software That Would Promote Creative Work,......Page 103
Distributed Control,......Page 104
Sensors and Actuators,......Page 105
Video and Audio,......Page 106
Generative Processes,......Page 109
Reliable, Low-latency Communication over the Internet,......Page 110
Tool Design and Human-Computer Interaction,......Page 111
Programming Languages,......Page 112
The Information Arts,......Page 113
Modeling Disciplines: From Multidisciplinary to Transdisciplinary,......Page 116
Implications for Computer Science,......Page 119
PROMISING AREAS......Page 121
Mixed Reality,......Page 122
Computer Games,......Page 124
Narrative Intelligence,......Page 125
Non-utilitarian Evaluation,......Page 128
Experimental Consumer Product Design,......Page 129
Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing,......Page 130
CONCLUSION......Page 132
5.Venues for Information Technology and Creative Practices......Page 135
Historical Perspective,......Page 136
Three Classes of Modern Studio-Laboratories,......Page 137
Standalone Centers,......Page 142
Hybrid Networks,......Page 145
Virtual-Space-based Strategies,......Page 147
Professional Conferences,......Page 150
Public Display Venues,......Page 153
Corporate Experiences with Information Technology and
Creative Practices,......Page 160
6.Schools, Colleges,and Universities......Page 168
Specialized Centers,......Page 169
Workshops,......Page 172
Service Units,......Page 174
Computer Science,......Page 175
Examples of ITCP Work,......Page 176
Challenges in Computer Science Departments,......Page 179
Art Practice and Design,......Page 182
Schools of Art and Design,......Page 184
Hiring Faculty,......Page 187
Encouraging Multiskilled Individuals and Collaborations,......Page 188
Designing Curricula,......Page 190
7.Institutional Issues and Public Policy......Page 193
Digital Copyright,......Page 194
Digital Archiving and Preservation,......Page 198
Validation and Recognition Structures,......Page 201
Publication,......Page 205
Curatorial Web Sites,......Page 206
Awards and Prizes,......Page 207
The Geography of Information Technology and Creative Practices,......Page 208
Information Technology Hot Spots,......Page 209
Geographically Distributed Creativity,......Page 211
Technology-supported Networks of Creativity,......Page 212
8.Supporting Work in Information Technology and Creative Practices......Page 214
Funding in the United States,......Page 216
Sources of Funds,......Page 217
Federal Funding for the Arts—The National Endowments,......Page 219
Indirect Public Funding for the Arts,......Page 221
Funding by Private Philanthropy,......Page 222
Prizes,......Page 227
Federal Funding for Information Technology Research,......Page 228
Funding for Infrastructure,......Page 230
Risk Preferences and the Challenge of Supporting Emerging Areas,......Page 233
Reexamining Funding Policies and Practices,......Page 237
Public Support for the Arts,......Page 242
Public Support for Information Technology Research,......Page 247
Private Philanthropy,......Page 251
Appendixes a Biographies of Committee Members and Staff......Page 254
Appendixes b Briefers at Committee Meetings......Page 264
The Computer Science and Telecommunications Board......Page 268