Beyond Prejudice: Extending the Social Psychology of Conflict, Inequality and Social Change

Cover......Page 1
Beyond Prejudice......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Figures......Page 8
Tables......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
 The origins and historical significance of prejudice research in social psychology......Page 16
 The conceptual and methodological foundations of the ‘prejudice problematic’......Page 18
  Individualism......Page 19
  Irrationality and error......Page 21
  Affective negativity......Page 22
  The prejudice reduction model of social change......Page 24
   Chapter 1: From perception to mobilization: the shifting paradigmof prejudice......Page 25
   Chapter 3: An ambivalent alliance: hostile and benevolent sexismas complementary justifications for gender inequality......Page 26
   Chapter 5: Stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination revisited: fromWilliam James to W. E. B. Du Bois......Page 27
   Chapter 7: The notion of ‘prejudice’: some rhetorical and ideologicalaspects......Page 28
   Chapter 10: Rethinking the prejudice problematic:......Page 29
   Chapter 12: From attitudes to (in)action: the darker side of ‘we’......Page 30
   Chapter 14: From prejudice to collective action......Page 31
 Beyond prejudice?......Page 32
 References......Page 33
Part I Beyond prejudice......Page 38
  Introduction: defining the problem......Page 40
  Four assumptions of the ‘perceptual paradigm’ of prejudice......Page 43
   (1) Prejudice is about the outgroup......Page 44
   (2) Prejudice is about (mis)perception......Page 46
   (3) Prejudice is about the negative qualities of the other......Page 48
   (4) Prejudice is about the views of ordinary people......Page 51
  Challenging prejudice: the limits of contact......Page 53
  Conclusion......Page 56
  References......Page 58
 2 Prejudice, social identity and social change: resolving the Allportian problematic......Page 61
  The prevailing meta-theory of prejudice:the Allportian problematic......Page 63
  The new ‘social identity’ view of prejudice in social psychology......Page 68
   The nature of the self-process:human beings as both individuals and group members......Page 69
   Stereotyping and prejudice as an outcome of one’s vantage point as a group member......Page 72
   Prejudice, group action and social change......Page 75
  Conclusion......Page 78
  References......Page 79
 3 An ambivalent alliance: hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality......Page 83
  The nature of sexism......Page 84
  Why benevolent prejudices matter......Page 85
  Hostile and benevolent sexism: universal prejudices?......Page 87
  Polarized images of women......Page 89
  Gender inequality......Page 91
  Women’s acceptance of sexist ideologies......Page 93
  Implications for theories of prejudice: paternalistic versus envious prejudices......Page 96
  Conclusion......Page 98
  References......Page 99
 4 Prejudice and dehumanization......Page 102
  Understanding humanization: a new model......Page 103
   Race and ethnicity......Page 106
   Gender......Page 109
   Class......Page 111
  Dehumanization and the ‘prejudice problematic’......Page 113
  References......Page 115
  Intergroup relations from the perspective of stigmatized individuals: an overview......Page 118
  Origins of W. E. B. Du Bois’s self-theory:William James’s self-theory......Page 120
  Du Bois’s self-theory as distinct from James’s self-theory......Page 121
  Racial identity as a key construct in Du Bois’s self-theory......Page 122
   Racial identity as a unique form of ethnic identity......Page 123
  The historical role of the African American church in nurturing black racial identity development......Page 124
   Beyond the African American church: the civil rights movement and racial identity in the age of Obama......Page 125
  Stereotype threat:a complement to racial identity?......Page 126
  Implications for research on racial identity and Du Bois’s self-theory......Page 127
  Conclusion......Page 128
  References......Page 129
 6 Beyond ‘old’ and ‘new’: for a social psychology of racism......Page 133
   From civilizing missions to racelessness......Page 135
   Essentialism and problematization in ‘antiquated’ forms......Page 137
   Theories of contemporary racism and the ‘prejudice problematic’......Page 140
   For a social psychology of racism......Page 144
    Devaluation......Page 145
    Discourse and prejudice as signs with a social psychological appeal......Page 147
   References......Page 148
  Introduction......Page 152
  Denial of prejudice......Page 153
  The norm against prejudice......Page 155
  The meaning of ‘prejudice’......Page 157
  Justification and denial of prejudice......Page 163
  References......Page 167
 8 The prejudice problematic......Page 171
  Prejudice in social psychological and lay discourse......Page 173
   Boardman:......Page 175
  Irrationality and prejudgement......Page 176
   Sedge......Page 177
   Reed:......Page 178
  Tolerance and harmony......Page 179
   Ben Couch (Former Minister of Maori Affairs):......Page 180
  Dodging the identity of prejudice: how to deal with accusations......Page 181
   Bickerstaff:......Page 182
   Ackland:......Page 183
  Reforming the prejudiced......Page 185
  Discourse analysis and anti-racism......Page 187
  References......Page 191
 9 Implicit prejudice in mind and interaction......Page 192
  Critique of implicit prejudice......Page 195
  The subject of prejudice......Page 198
  The implicit prejudice in talk-in-interaction: stereotyping by implication......Page 202
  Conclusion......Page 208
  References......Page 210
  The vagueness of prejudice......Page 213
  The taxonomic imagination......Page 215
  Reconceiving the agent of prejudice: from methodological individualism to collaborative cognition......Page 216
   Rediscovering public prejudice......Page 218
  Beyond the laboratory: prejudice in the wild......Page 219
   Interactional scaffolding I: entrainment......Page 220
   Interactional scaffolding II: facilitation and reinforcement......Page 222
   Improvisation and joint construction......Page 224
   Distributed inhibition......Page 226
  Concluding comments......Page 227
  Notes......Page 228
  References......Page 230
Part II Prejudice and social change revisited......Page 236
 11 Models of social change in social psychology: collective action or prejudice reduction? Conflict or harmony?......Page 238
  Can there be too much harmony?......Page 240
  Prejudice reduction or collective action? Focusing on different targets......Page 241
   Contradictory psychologies for the disadvantaged......Page 243
   Implications for contact and separation......Page 246
   Who is the agent of change?......Page 247
  Prejudice reduction or collective action? Focusing on different levels of analysis......Page 248
   Challenges for the micr→meso→macro causal sequence......Page 251
  Conclusions and resolutions......Page 255
  References......Page 257
 12 From attitudes to (in)action: the darker side of ‘we’......Page 261
  The common ingroup identity model......Page 262
  Recategorization as one group or a dual identity: a functional approach......Page 264
  Group preferences for one-group and dual-identity representations......Page 265
  Common identity, intergroup attitudes and action for change......Page 270
  Summary and implications......Page 275
  Introduction......Page 282
  Planned encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians:an overview......Page 283
   The contact hypothesis and planned encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians......Page 284
   Different models of planned encounters between Israeli Jews and Palestinians......Page 285
  The coexistence model......Page 286
   Strengths and dilemmas......Page 287
   Strengths and limitations......Page 288
  The confrontational model......Page 289
   Strengths, dilemmas and limitations......Page 290
  The narrative-story-telling model......Page 291
   Strengths and limitations......Page 292
  Discussion and conclusions......Page 293
 14 From prejudice to collective action......Page 299
  The dynamics of increasing hostile intergroup attitudes and conflict......Page 302
   (1) Police action alienates a peaceful majority......Page 304
   (2) Ingroup inclusion and reducing of ‘prejudice’ towards previously shunned radicals......Page 306
   (3) Increased ‘prejudice’ towards the police......Page 307
  Intergroup dynamics and psychological change......Page 308
  The dynamics of reducing conflict and prejudice during crowd events......Page 310
   (1) Police action as facilitative......Page 311
   (2) The rejection of ‘hooligans’ from the ‘ingroup’......Page 312
  Conclusions......Page 313
  References......Page 315
 Conclusions and future directions:the nature, signi.cance and inherent limitations of the concept of prejudice in social psychology......Page 317
   The limits of irrationalism......Page 318
    Self-categorization, social identity and the ‘veridicality’ of intergroup perceptions......Page 320
    Thinking ill of others with sufficient warrant......Page 322
    The ‘velvet glove’ of benign discrimination......Page 324
    Ambivalent sexism......Page 326
    Two routes to social change in historically unequal societies......Page 328
    Paradoxical effects of intergroup contact......Page 330
  Prejudice reduction and social change revisited:some suggested parameters and future directions......Page 332
   (1) Relationality......Page 333
    (2) Expanding our conception of a successful intervention ‘outcome’......Page 335
    (3) Contextualizing change......Page 336
    (4) Complexities of harmony and conflict......Page 337
  References......Page 339
Index......Page 345