Beyond Compliance: The Refinery Manager's Guide to ISO 14001 Implementation

About the Authors......Page 8
Preface......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 10
1.0 Introduction......Page 13
1.1 The Nature of Pollution......Page 15
1.3 Distillation......Page 16
1.3.1 Atmospheric Distillation......Page 17
1.3.2 Vacuum Distillation......Page 18
1.4 Downstream Processing Operations......Page 19
1.4.1 Thermal Cracking or Visbreaking......Page 20
1.4.2 The Coking Process......Page 21
1.4.3 The Catalytic Cracking Process......Page 22
1.4.4 The Catalytic Hydrocracking Process......Page 24
1.4.5 The Hydrotreating and Hydroprocessing Processes......Page 25
1.4.7 Isomerization......Page 26
1.4.8 Polymerization......Page 27
1.4.9 Catalytic Reforming......Page 28
1.4.11 Chemical Treating......Page 29
1.4.12 Dewaxing......Page 31
1.4.13 Propane Deasphalting......Page 32
1.5.1 Wastewater Treatment Processes......Page 33
1.5.2 Sour Gas Treatment and Sulfur Recovery......Page 42
1.5.3 Additive Production and Hydrogen Production Technologies......Page 51
1.5.4 Heat Exchangers and Boiler Operations......Page 74
1.5.6 Blending Operations......Page 81
1.5.7 Storage Tanks and Loading and Unloading Operations......Page 82
1.5.8 Cooling Towers......Page 85
Recommended References......Page 89
2.1 Refinery Material Output Matrices......Page 91
3.1 What an EMS Is......Page 101
3.2.2 BS 7750......Page 106
3.2.3 EMAS......Page 108
3.2.4 ISO 14000......Page 110
3.2.5 Comparing the Standards......Page 112
3.3.1 The Basic Clauses......Page 113
3.3.2 Compliance versus Conformance with Environmental Performance Standards......Page 117
3.4 EMS Drivers......Page 118
3.5 A Review and What Comes Next......Page 122
4.0 Introduction......Page 125
4.1 Commitment and Environmental Policy......Page 126
4.2 Initial Environmental Review......Page 129
4.3.1 General......Page 131
4.3.2 What Environmental Aspects Are......Page 132
4.3.3 Legal and Other Requirements......Page 139
4.3.4 Objectives and Targets......Page 140
4.3.5 Devising an Environmental Management Program......Page 141
4.4 Implementing the Environmental Policy......Page 142
4.5 Measuring and Evaluating......Page 153
4.5.1 Developing an Environmental Effects Register......Page 154
4.5.2 Monitoring and Measuring Hardware......Page 156
4.5.3 Compliance Status......Page 157
4.5.4 Environmental Cost-Accounting Data......Page 159
4.5.5 Combining Concepts with Pollution Prevention......Page 166
4.6 Audits and Management Review......Page 176
4.7 Environmental Reporting and Communication......Page 180
Recommended References and Websites......Page 182
5.0 Introduction......Page 185
5.1.1 U.S. Environmental Laws and Regulations......Page 188
5.1.2 Waste Classifications......Page 197
5.2 IER Auditor......Page 199
5.3 Environmental Aspects (EA) Evaluator......Page 203
5.4 Closing Remarks......Page 210
C......Page 215
F......Page 216
M......Page 217
S......Page 218
Z......Page 219