Behavior Modification: What it is and How to Do it

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
About the 11th Edition of This Book
Changes in the 11th Edition
Instructor’s Resource Manual With Tests and Practica
Acknowledgments
To the Student
Using This Book to Study for the Behavior Analysis Certification Board® Examinations
Part I The Behavior Modification Approach
	Chapter 1 Introduction
		What Is Behavior?
		What Is Behavior Modification?
		What Is Behavioral Assessment?
		Some Historical Highlights of Behavior Modification
		Current Use of “Behavior Modification,” “Behavior Modifier,” and Related Terms
		Some Misconceptions About Behavior Modification
		The Approach of This Book
		Summary of Chapter 1
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 2 Areas of Application: An Overview
		Parenting and Child Management
		Education: From Preschool to University
		Developmental Disabilities
		Schizophrenia
		Psychological Problems Treated in Clinical Settings
		Self-Management of Personal Problems
		Medical and Health Care
		Gerontology
		Behavioral Community Psychology
		Business, Industry, and Government
		Behavioral Sport Psychology
		Behavior Modification With Diverse Populations
		Conclusion
		Summary of Chapter 2
			Application Exercise
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 3 Defining, Measuring, and Recording Target Behavior
		Improving Darren’s Cooperative Behavior
		Minimal Phases of a Behavior Modification Program
		Indirect, Direct, and Experimental Behavioral Assessments
		Characteristics of Behavior for Direct Assessment
		Strategies for Recording Behavior
		Minimal Time Strategies for Measuring the Amount of Behavior-Recording Methods
		Assessing the Accuracy of Observations
		Assessing the Accuracy of a Treatment
		Data! Data! Data! Why Bother?
		Summary of Chapter 3
			Application Exercise
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 4 Doing Behavior Modification Research
		Helping Kelly Solve Math Problems
		The Reversal-Replication (ABAB) Design
		Multiple-Baseline Designs
		The Changing-Criterion Design
		Alternating-Treatments (or Multielement) Design
		Data Analysis and Interpretation
		Summary of Chapter 4
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
Part II Basic Behavioral Principles and Procedures
	Chapter 5 Respondent (Classical, Pavlovian) Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior
		Development of Fear in a Young Figure Skater
		Behavioral Principles and Procedures
		Principle of Respondent Conditioning
		Higher-Order Conditioning
		Common Respondently Conditioned Responses
		Procedures for Eliminating a Conditioned Reflex
		Generalization and Discrimination of Respondent Behavior
		Applications of Respondent Conditioning and Extinction
		An Introduction to Operant Conditioning: Another Type of Learning
		Summary of Chapter 5
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 6 Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement
		Reinforcing Jill’s Walking Behavior
		Positive Reinforcement
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Positive Reinforcement
		Pitfalls of Positive Reinforcement
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Positive Reinforcement
		Summary of Chapter 6
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 7 Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement
		Erin’s Points Program
		Unconditioned and Conditioned Reinforcers
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Conditioned Reinforcement
		Pitfalls of Conditioned Reinforcement
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Conditioned Reinforcement
		Summary of Chapter 7
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 8 Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction
		Decreasing Gregory’s Yelling
		Operant Extinction
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Operant Extinction
		Pitfalls of Operant Extinction
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Operant Extinction
		Summary of Chapter 8
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 9 Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping
		Improving Frank’s Exercising
		Shaping
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Shaping
		Pitfalls of Shaping
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Shaping
		Summary of Chapter 9
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 10 Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement
		Improving Jan’s Work Rate in Math Class
		Some Definitions
		Ratio Schedules
		Simple Interval Schedules
		Schedules With a Limited Hold
		Duration Schedules
		Overview of Six Commonly Used Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules for Increasing and Maintaining Behavior
		Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
		Pitfalls of Intermittent Reinforcement
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Intermittent Reinforcement
		Summary of Chapter 10
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 11 Responding at the Right Time and Place: Operant Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization
		Teaching Darcy When to Pick Up the Phone
		Learning to Respond at the Right Time and Place
		Types of Controlling Stimuli of Operant Behavior: SDs and SΔs
		Operant Stimulus Discrimination
		Operant Stimulus Generalization
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
		Pitfalls of Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
		Guidelines for Effective Operant Stimulus Discrimination Training
		Summary of Chapter 11
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 12 Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading
		Teaching Peter His Name
		Fading
		Dimensions of Stimuli for Fading
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Fading
		Fading Versus Shaping
		Pitfalls of Fading
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Fading
		Summary of Chapter 12
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 13 Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining
		Teaching Steve to Follow a Consistent Pre-putt Routine
		Behavior Chaining
		Methods for Teaching a Behavioral Chain
		Chaining Compared With Fading and Shaping
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Behavioral Chaining
		Pitfalls of Behavioral Chaining
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Behavioral Chaining
		Summary of Chapter 13
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 14 Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior
		Decreasing Tommy’s Talking Out
		Decreasing Operant Behavior
		Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates
		Differential Reinforcement of Zero Responding
		Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior
		Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior
		Pitfalls of Differential Reinforcement Procedures for Decreasing Behavior
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Differential Reinforcement to Decrease Behavior
		Summary of Chapter 14
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 15 Decreasing Behavior With Punishment
		Eliminating Ben’s Aggressiveness
		The Principle of Punishment
		Types of Punishers
		Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Punishment
		Some Examples of Therapeutic Punishment
		Potential Harmful Side Effects of Punishment
		Should Punishment Be Used?
		Pitfalls of Punishment
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Punishment
		Summary of Chapter 15
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 16 Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
		Curing Joanne’s Slouching
		Escape Conditioning (Negative Reinforcement)
		Avoidance Conditioning
		Pitfalls of Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
		Guidelines for the Effective Application of Escape and Avoidance Conditioning
		Summary of Chapter 16
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 17 Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together
		Responding to Meet Deadlines
		Respondent and Operant Conditioning Compared
		Operant-Respondent Interactions
		Respondent and Operant Components of Emotions
		Respondent and Operant Components of Thinking
		Private Thoughts and Feelings: More Respondent-Operant Interactions
		Summary of Chapter 17
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 18 Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Programming of Generality of Behavior Change
		Helping Carole Have a Successful Class Presentation
		Generality
		Programming Generality of Operant Behavior
		Programming Generality of Respondent Behavior
		Pitfalls of Generality
		Guidelines for Programming Generality of Operant Behavior
		Summary of Chapter 18
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
Part III Capitalizing on Operant Antecedent Control Procedures
	Chapter 19 Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals
		Helping Mary to Skate Well
		Antecedent Control of Operant Behavior
		Rules
		Goals
		Summary of Chapter 19
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 20 Antecedent Control: Modeling, Physical Guidance, and Situational Inducement
		A Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Aggression
		Capitalizing on Existing Stimulus Control
		Modeling
		Physical Guidance
		Situational Inducement
		Summary of Chapter 20
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 21 Antecedent Control: Motivation
		Coach Dawson’s Motivation Program
		A Traditional View of Motivation
		A Behavioral View of Motivation
		Some Applications of Motivating Operations
		Motivating Operations and Behavior Modification
		Summary of Chapter 21
			Application Exercise
			Notes for Further Learning
Part IV Putting It All Together to Develop Effective Behavioral Programs
	Chapter 22 Functional Assessment of Causes of Problem Behavior
		Decreasing Susie’s Self-Injurious Behavior
		Functional Assessment Procedures
		Major Causes of Operant Problem Behaviors
		Respondent or Elicited Problem Behaviors
		Medical Causes of Problem Behaviors
		Guidelines for Conducting a Functional Assessment
		Summary of Chapter 22
			Application Exercises
			Note for Further Learning
	Chapter 23 Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program
		Overcoming Cindy’s Fear of Dogs
		Deciding Whether to Design a Program Following a Referral
		Selection and Implementation of a Pre-Program Assessment Procedure
		Strategies of Program Design
		Preliminary Implementation Considerations
		Implement the Program
		Program Maintenance and Evaluation
		Summary of Chapter 23
			Application Exercise
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 24 Token Economies
		John’s Token Reinforcement Program
		A Token Economy
		Steps for Setting Up and Managing a Token Economy
		Generality Programming to the Natural Environment
		Contingency Management
		Ethical Considerations
		A Summary of Considerations Necessary in Designing a Token Economy
		Research on Token Economies
		Summary of Chapter 24
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 25 Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control
		Al’s Self-Control of Excessive-Eating Program
		Causes of Self-Control Problems
		A Behavioral Model for Self-Control
		Steps in a Self-Control Program
		Circumvention of the Therapist
		Summary of Chapter 25
			Application Exercises
			Notes for Further Learning
Part V Behavior Therapy for Psychological Disorders
	Chapter 26 Behavioral Approaches to Psychotherapy: Cognitive Restructuring, Self-Directed Coping Methods, and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures
		Introduction to Behavioral Approaches to Psychotherapy
		A Behavioral Interpretation of Aspects of the Therapies in This Chapter
		Concluding Comments
		Summary of Chapter 26
			Application Exercise
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 27 Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
		Specific Phobias
		Other Anxiety Disorders
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
		Depression
		Alcohol and Other Addictive Substance Use Disorders
		Eating Disorders
		Couple Distress
		Sexual Dysfunction
		Habit Disorders
		Summary of Chapter 27
			Notes for Further Learning
Part VI A Historical Perspective and Ethical Issues
	Chapter 28 Giving It All Some Perspective: A Brief History
		The Pavlovian-Wolpean Orientation
		The Operant Conditioning Orientation: Applied Behavior Analysis
		Social Learning Theory
		Cognitive Behavior Therapy
		The Terms Behavior Modification, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and Applied Behavior Analysis
		The Future of Behavior Modification
		Summary of Chapter 28
			Notes for Further Learning
	Chapter 29 Ethical Issues
		A Behavioral View of Ethics
		Arguments Against Deliberately Controlling Behavior
		Ethical Guidelines
		Summary of Chapter 29 and Conclusion
			Notes for Further Learning
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index