Bast and other plant fibres

Contents......Page 6
Figures......Page 12
Tables......Page 16
About the editor......Page 22
About the contributors......Page 24
Contributor contact details......Page 30
Acknowledgements......Page 32
1.1 Introduction......Page 34
1.2 Fibre prices......Page 35
1.4 Comparative data on the physical and chemical characteristics of bast and leaf fibres......Page 36
1.5 Appendix: Comparative physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of certain fibres......Page 37
1.6 References......Page 56
2.1 Introduction......Page 57
2.2 Fibre production and early processing......Page 60
2.3 Physical and chemical properties......Page 67
2.4 Yarn production......Page 71
2.5 Fabric production, end-uses and specifications......Page 85
2.6 Dyeing and finishing: modern developments in chemical finishing......Page 98
2.7 Economic and cost considerations......Page 101
2.8 Market development......Page 104
2.9 Environmental considerations......Page 109
2.10 Health and safety considerations......Page 110
2.12 Appendices......Page 111
2.13 Bibliography......Page 124
2.15 Glossary of terms......Page 125
3.1 Introduction......Page 127
3.2 The flax plant......Page 128
3.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of flax fibres......Page 134
3.4 Cultivation and harvesting......Page 140
3.5 Scutching......Page 146
3.6 Yarn preparation and spinning......Page 151
3.7 Weaving......Page 159
3.8 Knitting......Page 163
3.9 Fabric desizing, bleaching, dyeing and finishing......Page 164
3.11 Products and applications......Page 170
3.12 Economic and cost considerations......Page 175
3.13 Marketing......Page 189
3.15 Conclusion and future trends......Page 191
3.16 Appendices......Page 197
3.19 Glossary of terms......Page 207
4.1 Introduction: hemp in Hungary......Page 209
4.2 Hemp varieties and their cultivation......Page 211
4.3 Physical and chemical characteristics of hemp......Page 214
4.4 Primary processing of hemp stalks, fibre separation......Page 217
4.5 Hemp spinning and spinning machinery......Page 221
4.6 Weaving......Page 227
4.8 Production of other hemp products......Page 229
4.9 Environmental and health and safety considerations......Page 230
4.10 Production and market trends......Page 232
4.11 Conclusions......Page 233
4.12 Present trends......Page 234
4.13 Future trends......Page 237
4.15 Glossary of terms......Page 239
5.1 Introduction and history......Page 240
5.2 Classification and description......Page 242
5.3 Properties of the ramie fibre......Page 243
5.4 Cultivation and harvesting......Page 246
5.5 Primary processing......Page 247
5.6 Spinning......Page 253
5.8 Applications of ramie......Page 255
5.9 Conclusion......Page 256
5.10 Appendices......Page 257
5.11 References......Page 258
5.13 Glossary of terms......Page 259
6.1 Introduction: the plant and its anatomy......Page 261
6.2 Chemical and physical fibre structure......Page 262
6.3 Chemical treatment of sisal fibre......Page 268
6.4 Production and early processing......Page 273
6.5 Production and machinery......Page 277
6.6 Products and applications......Page 291
6.8 Marketing and consumption......Page 295
6.10 Appendices......Page 302
6.11 References and bibliography......Page 305
6.12 Glossary of terms......Page 306
7.1 Introduction and history......Page 307
7.2 Chemical and physical fibre structure......Page 308
7.3 Fibre production and early processing......Page 310
7.4 Yarn production and machinery......Page 313
7.5 Bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing......Page 317
7.6 Fabric production......Page 320
7.7 Products and applications......Page 324
7.9 Economic and cost considerations......Page 330
7.10 Marketing......Page 331
7.11 Production and consumption......Page 332
7.12 Environmental and health and safety issues......Page 335
7.14 Appendices......Page 337
7.15 Glossary of terms......Page 345
8.1 The plant and its cultivation......Page 348
8.3 Early processing......Page 349
8.4 Textile manufacture and end uses......Page 351
8.5 Production......Page 352
8.8 Glossary of terms......Page 353
9.1 Pineapple......Page 355
9.2 Curaua......Page 360
9.3 Craua (caroa)......Page 362
9.4 Macambira......Page 363
9.5 Nettle......Page 364
9.7 Mauritius hemp and fique......Page 376
10.1 Introduction and background......Page 378
10.2 The market, demand and supply......Page 379
10.3 The influence of fibre properties and the possibilities of measuring essential fibre characteristics......Page 385
10.4 Manufacturing......Page 400
10.5 The future, trends and conclusion......Page 402
10.7 References......Page 406
Appendix I: List of fibre-producing plants......Page 410
Appendix II: References to Chapter 2......Page 413
Index......Page 418