Basic Ground - Water Hydrology

WSP 2220: Basic ground-water hydrology......Page 1
Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 4
Ground-water hydrology......Page 5
Rocks and water......Page 6
Underground water......Page 8
Hydrologic cycle......Page 9
Aquifers and confining beds......Page 10
Porosity......Page 11
Specific yield and specific retention......Page 12
Heads and gradients......Page 14
Hydraulic conductivity......Page 16
Functions of ground-water systems......Page 18
Capillarity and unsaturated flow......Page 20
Stratification and unsaturated flow......Page 22
Saturated flow and dispersion......Page 23
Ground-water movement and topography......Page 24
Ground-water flow nets......Page 25
Ground-water movement and stratification......Page 28
Ground-water velocity......Page 29
Transmissivity......Page 30
Storage coefficient......Page 32
Cone of depression......Page 34
Source of water derived from wells......Page 36
Aquifer tests......Page 38
Analysis of aquifer-test data......Page 40
Time-drawdown analysis......Page 42
Distance-drawdown analysis......Page 44
Single-well tests......Page 46
Well interference......Page 48
Aquifer boundaries......Page 50
Tests affected by lateral boundaries......Page 52
Tests affected by leaky confining beds......Page 54
Well-construction methods......Page 56
Well logs......Page 58
Water-well design......Page 60
Well-acceptance tests and well efficiency......Page 62
Specific capacity and transmissivity......Page 64
Well-field design......Page 66
Quality of ground water......Page 68
Pollution of ground water......Page 70
Saltwater encroachment......Page 72
Temperature of ground water......Page 74
Measurements of water levels and pumping rates......Page 76
Protection of supply wells......Page 78
Supply-well problems - Changes in water quality......Page 82
Well records and files......Page 84
Numbers, equations, and conversions......Page 87