دسترسی نامحدود
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
برای ارتباط با ما می توانید از طریق شماره موبایل زیر از طریق تماس و پیامک با ما در ارتباط باشید
در صورت عدم پاسخ گویی از طریق پیامک با پشتیبان در ارتباط باشید
برای کاربرانی که ثبت نام کرده اند
درصورت عدم همخوانی توضیحات با کتاب
از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: S. K. Sahdev
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9789332542167, 9789332547117
ناشر: Pearson Education
سال نشر: 2015
تعداد صفحات: [914]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 47 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Basic Electrical Engineering به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب مهندسی برق پایه نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Cover Copyright Dedication Brief Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1. Concepts of Circuit Theory 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Electricity 1.3 Modern Electron Theory 1.4 Nature of Electricity 1.5 Charged Body 1.6 Unit of Charge 1.7 Free Electrons 1.8 Electric Potential 1.9 Potential Difference 1.10 Electric Current 1.10.1 Conventional Direction of Flow of Current 1.11 Resistance 1.11.1 Laws of Resistance 1.12 Resistivity 1.13 Specific Resistance 1.14 Conductance 1.14.1 Conductivity 1.15 Electromotive Force 1.16 Emf and Potential Difference 1.17 Ohm’s Law 1.17.1 Limitations of Ohm’s Law 1.18 Effect of Temperature on Resistance 1.19 Temperature Co-Efficient of Resistance 1.20 Temperature Co-Efficient of Copper at 0°C 1.21 Effect of Temperature on α 1.22 Effect of Temperature on Resistivity 1.23 Electrical Energy 1.24 Electrical Power 1.25 Mechanical Work 1.26 Mechanical Power 1.27 Heat Energy 1.28 Joules Law of Electrical Heating 1.29 Relation between Various Quantities 1.29.1 Relation between Horse Power and kW 1.29.2 Relation between Horse Power and Torque 1.29.3 Relation between kWh and kcal 1.30 D.C. Circuits 1.31 Series Circuits 1.32 Parallel Circuits 1.33 Series–Parallel Circuits 1.34 Division of Current in Parallel Circuits 1.34.1 When Two Resistors are Connected in Parallel 1.34.2 When Three Resistors are Connected in Parallel 2. DC Circuit Analysis and Network Theorems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Electric Network 2.2.1 Active Elements 2.2.2 Passive Elements 2.2.3 Network Terminology 2.3 Voltage and Current Sources 2.3.1 Internal Resistance of a Source 2.3.2 Ideal Voltage Source 2.3.3 Real Voltage Source 2.3.4 Current Source 2.3.5 Ideal Current Source 2.3.6 Real Current Source 2.3.7 Difference between Voltage Source and Current Source 2.4 Source Transformation (Conversion of Voltage Source to Current Source and Vice Versa) 2.5 Kichhoff’s Laws 2.5.1 Kirchhoff’s First Law 2.5.2 Kirchhoff’s Second Law 2.5.3 Solution of Network by Kirchhoff’s Laws 2.6 Wheatstone Bridge 2.7 Maxwell’s Mesh Current Method (Loop Analysis) 2.8 Nodal Analysis 2.9 Delta–Star and Star–Delta Transformation 2.9.1 Delta–Star Transformation 2.9.2 Star–Delta Transformation 2.10 Superposition Theorem 2.11 Thevenin’s Theorem 2.12 Norton’s Theorem 2.13 Conversion of Thevenin’s Equivalent into Norton’s Equivalent and Vice Versa 2.14 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 2.15 Reciprocity Theorem 3. Electrostatics and Capacitors 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Coulomb’s Laws of Electrostatics 3.2.1 Unit Charge 3.3 Absolute and Relative Permittivity 3.4 Electric Field 3.4.1 Electric Lines of Force 3.5 Electric Flux 3.6 Electric Flux Density (D) 3.7 Electric Intensity or Field Strength (E) 3.8 Relation between σ and E 3.9 Area Vector 3.10 Electric Flux through an Area 3.11 Different Ways of Charge Distribution 3.11.1 Linear Charge Distribution 3.11.2 Surface Charge Distribution 3.11.3 Volume Charge Distribution 3.12 Gauss Theorem of Electrostatics 3.12.1 Proof of Gauss Theorem 3.13 Deduction of Coulomb’s Law from Gauss’s Law 3.14 Electric Intensity due to a Charged Sphere 3.14.1 Point P Is Outside the Sphere 3.14.2 Point P Is Inside the Sphere 3.15 Electric Intensity due to a Long Charged Conductor 3.16 Electric Potential 3.16.1 Potential at a Point 3.16.2 Potential at a Point due to Number of Charges 3.17 Electric Potential Difference 3.18 Potential due to Charged Sphere 3.18.1 Potential at the Sphere Surface 3.18.2 Potential Inside the Sphere 3.18.3 Potential Outside the Sphere 3.19 Potential Gradient 3.20 Breakdown Potential or Dielectric Strength 3.21 Capacitor 3.21.1 Types of Capacitors 3.21.2 Capacitor Action 3.22 Capacitance 3.22.1 Dielectric Constant or Relative Permittivity 3.22.2 Capacitance of Parallel-Plate Capacitor 3.22.3 Factors Affecting Capacitance 3.22.4 Dielectric and Its Effect on Capacitance 3.23 Parallel-Plate Capacitor with Composite Medium 3.23.1 Medium Partly Air 3.23.2 Slab of Dielectric Is Introduced 3.24 Multi-Plate Capacitors 3.25 Grouping of Capacitors 3.25.1 Capacitors in Series 3.25.2 Capacitors in Parallel 3.25.3 Capacitors in Series–Parallel 3.26 Energy Stored in a Capacitor 4. Batteries 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Electric Cell 4.2.1 Forming of a Cell 4.2.2 EMF Developed in a Cell 4.3 Types of Cells 4.4 Important Terms Relating to an Electric Cell 4.5 Grouping of Cells 4.5.1 Series Grouping 4.5.2 Parallel Grouping 4.5.3 Series–Parallel Grouping 4.6 Battery 4.6.1 Lead–Acid Battery 4.6.2 Working Principle of Lead–Acid Cell 4.7 Capacity of a Battery 4.8 Efficiency of a Battery 4.9 Charge Indications of a Lead–Acid Battery or Cell 4.10 Charging of Lead–Acid Battery 4.11 Care and Maintenance of Lead–Acid Batteries 4.12 Applications of Lead–Acid Batteries 4.13 Nickel–Iron Alkaline Cell 4.13.1 Construction 4.13.2 Working 4.13.3 Discharging 4.13.4 Recharging 4.13.5 Electrical Characteristics 4.13.6 Advantages 4.13.7 Disadvantages 4.14 Comparison between Lead–Acid and Nickel–Iron Alkaline Cell 4.15 Nickel–Cadmium Cell 4.15.1 Construction 4.15.2 Chemical Action during Discharging 4.15.3 Chemical Action during Recharging 4.15.4 Electrical Characteristics 4.15.5 Advantages 4.15.6 Disadvantages 4.16 Small Nickel–Cadmium Cells 4.16.1 Silver Button Cell 4.17 Solar Cells 4.17.1 Applications 5. Magnetic Circuits 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Magnetic Field and its Significance 5.3 Magnetic Circuit and its Analysis 5.4 Important Terms 5.5 Comparison between Magnetic and Electric Circuits 5.6 Ampere Turns Calculations 5.7 Series Magnetic Circuits 5.8 Parallel Magnetic Circuits 5.9 Leakage Flux 5.9.1 Fringing 5.10 Magnetisation or B–H Curve 5.11 Magnetic Hysteresis 5.11.1 Residual Magnetism and Retentivity 5.11.2 Coercive Force 5.12 Hysteresis Loss 5.13 Importance of Hysteresis Loop 5.14 Electromagnetic Induction 5.15 Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction 5.15.1 First Law 5.15.2 Second Law 5.16 Direction of Induced Emf 5.17 Induced Emf 5.18 Dynamically Induced Emf 5.18.1 Mathematical Expression 5.19 Statically Induced Emf 5.19.1 Self-Induced Emf 5.19.2 Mutually Induced Emf 5.20 Self-Inductance 5.20.1 Expressions for Self-Inductance 5.21 Mutual Inductance 5.21.1 Expression for Mutual Inductance 5.22 Co-Efficient of Coupling 5.22.1 Mathematical Expression 5.23 Inductances in Series and Parallel 5.23.1 Inductances in Series 5.23.2 Inductances in Parallel 5.24 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field 5.25 AC Excitation in Magnetic Circuits 5.26 Eddy Current Loss 5.26.1 Useful Applications of Eddy Currents 5.26.2 Mathematical Expression for Eddy Current Loss 6. AC Fundamentals 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Alternating Voltage and Current 6.2.1 Wave Form 6.3 Difference between AC and DC 6.4 Sinusoidal Alternating Quantity 6.5 Generation of Alternating Voltage and Current 6.6 Equation of Alternating Emf and Current 6.7 Important Terms 6.8 Important Relations 6.9 Different forms of Alternating Voltage Equation 6.10 Values of Alternating Voltage and Current 6.11 Peak Value 6.12 Average Value 6.13 Average Value of Sinusoidal Current 6.14 Effective or RMs Value 6.15 RMs Value of Sinusoidal Current 6.16 Form Factor and Peak Factor 6.17 Phasor Representation of Sinusoidal Quantity 6.18 Phase and Phase Difference 6.19 Addition and Subtraction of Alternating Quantities 6.19.1 Addition of Alternating Quantities 6.19.2 Subtraction of Alternating Quantities 6.20 Phasor Diagrams using RMs Values 7. Single-Phase AC Circuits 7.1 Introduction 7.2 AC Circuit Containing Resistance Only 7.2.1 Phase Angle 7.2.2 Power 7.2.3 Power Curve 7.3 AC Circuit Containing Pure Inductance Only 7.3.1 Phase Angle 7.3.2 Power 7.3.3 Power Curve 7.4 AC Circuit Containing Pure Capacitor Only 7.4.1 Phase Angle 7.4.2 Power 7.4.3 Power Curve 7.5 AC Series Circuits 7.6 R–L Series Circuit 7.6.1 Phase Angle 7.6.2 Power 7.6.3 Power Curve 7.7 Impedance Triangle 7.8 True Power and Reactive Power 7.8.1 Active Component of Current 7.8.2 Reactive Component of Current 7.8.3 Power Triangle 7.9 Power Factor and its Importance 7.9.1 Importance of Power Factor 7.10 Q-Factor of a Coil 7.11 R–C Series Circuit 7.11.1 Phase Angle 7.11.2 Power 7.11.3 Power Curve 7.11.4 Impedance Triangle 7.12 R–L–C Series Circuit 7.12.1 Phase Angle 7.12.2 Power 7.12.3 Impedance Triangle 7.13 Series Resonance 7.13.1 Resonant Frequency 7.13.2 Effects of Series Resonance 7.14 Resonance Curve 7.14.1 Bandwidth 7.14.2 Selectivity 7.15 Q-Factor of Series Resonant Circuit 7.16 AC Parallel Circuits 7.17 Methods of Solving Parallel AC Circuits 7.18 Phasor (or Vector) Method 7.19 Admittance Method 7.19.1 Admittance 7.19.2 Admittance Triangle 7.19.3 Conductance 7.19.4 Susceptance 7.19.5 Solution of Parallel AC Circuits by Admittance Method 7.20 Method of Phasor Algebra or Symbolic Method or J-Method 7.21 j-Notation of Phasor on Rectangular Co-Ordinate Axes 7.21.1 Mathematical Representation of Phasors 7.22 Addition and Subtraction of Phasor Quantities 7.22.1 Addition 7.22.2 Subtraction 7.23 Multiplication and Division of Phasors 7.23.1 Multiplication 7.23.2 Division 7.24 Conjugate of a Complex Number 7.24.1 Addition 7.24.2 Subtraction 7.24.3 Multiplication 7.25 Powers and Roots of Phasors 7.26 Solution of Series and Parallel AC Circuits by Phasor Algebra 7.27 Parallel Resonance 7.27.1 Resonant Frequency 7.27.2 Effect of Parallel Resonance 7.27.3 Resonance Curve 7.28 Q-Factor of a Parallel Resonant Circuit 7.29 Comparison of Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits 8. Three-Phase AC Circuits 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Polyphase System 8.3 Advantages of Three-Phase System Over Single-Phase System 8.4 Generation of Three-Phase Emfs 8.4.1 Phasor Diagram 8.5 Naming the Phases 8.6 Phase Sequence 8.7 Double-Subscript Notation 8.8 Interconnection of Three Phases 8.9 Star or Wye (Y) Connection 8.9.1 Relation between Phase Voltage and Line Voltage 8.9.2 Relation between Phase Current and Line Current 8.10 Mesh or Delta (????) Connection 8.10.1 Relation between Phase Voltage and Line Voltage 8.10.2 Relation between Phase Current and Line Current 8.11 Connections of Three-Phase Loads 8.12 Power in Three-Phase Circuits 8.13 Power Measurement in Three-Phase Circuits 8.14 Three-Wattmeter Method 8.15 Two-Wattmeter Method 8.16 Two-Wattmeter Method (Balanced Load) 8.16.1 Determination of Power Factor from Wattmeter Readings 8.16.2 Determination of Reactive Power from Two Wattmeter Readings 8.17 Effect of Power Factor on the Two Wattmeter Readings 8.17.1 Power Factor Is Unity (cos ???? = 1) or ???? = 0° 8.17.2 Power Factor Is 0.5 (cos ???? = 0.5) or ???? = 60° 8.17.3 Power Factor Is More Than 0.5 But Less Than One (i.e., 1 > cos ???? > 0.5) or 60° > ???? > 0° 8.17.4 Power Factor is Less Than 0.5 But More Than 0 (i.e., 0.5 > cos ???? > 0) or 90° > ???? > 60° 8.17.5 Power Factor Is 0 (cos ???? = 0) or ???? = 90° 9. Measuring Instruments 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Concept of Measurements 9.3 Instruments and their Classification 9.3.1 Electrical Instruments 9.4 Methods of Providing Controlling Torque 9.4.1 Spring Control 9.4.2 Gravity Control 9.5 Methods of Providing Damping Torque 9.5.1 Air Friction Damping 9.5.2 Fluid Friction Damping 9.5.3 Eddy Current Damping 9.6 Measuring Errors 9.6.1 Relative Error 9.7 Errors Common to all Types of Instruments 9.8 Moving Iron Instruments 9.8.1 Attraction-type Moving Iron Instruments 9.8.2 Repulsion-type Moving Iron Instruments 9.8.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Moving Iron Instruments 9.8.4 Errors in Moving Iron Instruments 9.8.5 Applications of Moving Iron Instruments 9.9 Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments 9.9.1 Principle 9.9.2 Construction 9.9.3 Working 9.9.4 Deflecting Torque 9.9.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments 9.9.6 Errors in Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments 9.9.7 Range 9.10 Difference between Ammeter and Voltmeter 9.11 Extension of Range of Ammeters and Voltmeters 9.11.1 Extension of Ammeter Range 9.11.2 Extension of Voltmeter Range 9.12 Dynamometer-type Instruments 9.12.1 Dynamometer-type Wattmeters 9.13 Induction-type Instruments 9.13.1 Induction-type Wattmeter 9.13.2 Comparison between Dynamometer and Induction-type Wattmeters 9.13.3 Induction-type Single-Phase Energy Meter 9.14 Name Plate of Energy Meter 9.15 Connections of Single-Phase Energy Meter to Supply Power to a Domestic Consumer 9.16 Difference between Wattmeter and Energy Meter 9.17 Digital Multimeter 10. Single-Phase Transformers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Transformer 10.2.1 Necessity 10.2.2 Applications 10.3 Working Principle of a Transformer 10.4 Construction of a Single-Phase Small Rating Transformer 10.4.1 Core-type Transformers 10.4.2 Shell-type Transformers 10.4.3 Berry-type Transformers 10.5 An Ideal Transformer 10.5.1 Behaviour and Phasor Diagram 10.6 Transformer on DC 10.7 Emf Equation 10.8 Transformer on No-Load 10.9 Transformer on Load 10.10 Phasor Diagram of a Loaded Transformer 10.11 Transformer with Winding Resistance 10.12 Mutual and Leakage Fluxes 10.13 Equivalent Reactance 10.14 Actual Transformer 10.15 Simplified Equivalent Circuit 10.15.1 Equivalent Circuit When All the Quantities Are Referred to Secondary 10.15.2 Equivalent Circuit When All the Quantities Are Referred to Primary 10.16 Expression for No-Load Secondary Voltage 10.16.1 Approximate Expression 10.16.2 Exact Expression 10.17 Voltage Regulation 10.18 Approximate Expression for Voltage Regulation 10.19 Losses in a Transformer 10.20 Efficiency of a Transformer 10.21 Condition for Maximum Efficiency 10.22 All-Day Efficiency 10.23 Transformer Tests 10.23.1 Open-Circuit or No-Load Test 10.23.2 Short Circuit Test 10.24 Autotransformers 10.24.1 Construction 10.24.2 Working 10.25 Autotransformer v/s Potential Divider 10.26 Saving of Copper in an Autotransformer 10.27 Advantages of Autotransformer Over Two-Winding Transformer 10.28 Disadvantages of Autotransformers 10.29 Applications of Autotransformers 10.30 Classification of Transformers 10.31 Power Transformer and its Auxiliaries 11. DC Machines (Generators and Motors) 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Devices (Motors and Generators) 11.3 Electric Generator and Motor 11.3.1 Generator 11.3.2 Motor 11.4 Main Constructional Features 11.5 Armature Resistance 11.6 Simple Loop Generator and Function of Commutator 11.6.1 Commutator Action 11.7 Emf Equation 11.8 Types of DC Generators 11.9 Separately Excited DC Generators 11.10 Self-Excited DC Generators 11.10.1 Cumulative and Differential Compound-Wound Generators 11.11 Voltage Build-Up in Shunt Generators 11.12 Critical Field Resistance of a DC Shunt Generator 11.13 Causes of Failure to Build-Up Voltage in a Generator 11.13.1 Rectification 11.14 DC Motor 11.15 Working Principle of DC Motors 11.15.1 Function of a Commutator 11.16 Back Emf 11.16.1 Significance of Back Emf 11.17 Torque Equation 11.18 Shaft Torque 11.18.1 Brake Horse Power 11.19 Comparison of Generator and Motor Action 11.20 Types of DC Motors 11.20.1 Separately Excited DC Motors 11.20.2 Self-excited DC Motors 11.21 Characteristics of DC Motors 11.22 Characteristics of Shunt Motors 11.23 Characteristics of Series Motors 11.24 Characteristics of Compound Motors 11.25 Applications and Selection of DC Motors 11.26 Necessity of Starter for a DC Motor 11.27 Starters for DC Shunt and Compound-Wound Motors 11.28 Three-Point Shunt Motor Starter 11.28.1 Operation 11.28.2 No-Volt Release Coil and Its Function 11.28.3 Overload Release Coil and Its Function 11.29 Losses in a DC Machine 11.29.1 Copper Losses 11.29.2 Iron Losses 11.29.3 Mechanical Losses 11.30 Constant and Variable Losses 11.31 Stray Losses 11.32 Power Flow Diagram 11.33 Efficiency of a DC Machine 11.33.1 Machine Working as a Generator 11.33.2 Machine Working as a Motor 12. Three-Phase Induction Motors 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Constructional Features of a Three-Phase Induction Motor 12.3 Production of Revolving Field 12.4 Principle of Operation 12.4.1 Alternate Explanation 12.5 Reversal of Direction of Rotation of Three-Phase Induction Motors 12.6 Slip 12.6.1 Importance of Slip 12.7 Frequency of Rotor Currents 12.8 Speed of Rotor Field or mmf 12.9 Rotor Emf 12.10 Rotor Resistance 12.11 Rotor Reactance 12.12 Rotor Impedance 12.13 Rotor Current and Power Factor 12.14 Simplified Equivalent Circuit of Rotor 12.15 Stator Parameters 12.16 Induction Motor on No-Load (Rotor Circuit Open) 12.17 Induction Motor on Load 12.17.1 Causes of Low-Power Factor 12.18 Losses in an Induction Motor 12.19 Power Flow Diagram 12.20 Relation between Rotor Copper Loss, Slip, and Rotor Input 12.21 Rotor Efficiency 12.22 Torque Developed by an Induction Motor 12.23 Condition for Maximum Torque and Equation for Maximum Torque 12.24 Starting Torque 12.25 Ratio of Starting to Maximum Torque 12.26 Ratio of Full-Load Torque to Maximum Torque 12.27 Effect of Change in Supply Voltage on Torque 12.28 Torque–Slip Curve 12.29 Torque–Speed Curve and Operating Region 12.30 Effect of Rotor Resistance on Torque-Slip Curve 12.31 Comparison of Squirrel-Cage and Phase-Wound Induction Motors 12.32 Necessity of a Starter 12.33 Starting Methods of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors 12.33.1 Direct on Line (DOL) Starter 12.33.2 Star–Delta Starter 12.33.3 Autotransformer Starter 12.34 Starting Method of Slip-Ring Induction Motors 12.35 Applications of Three-Phase Induction Motors 12.36 Comparison between Induction Motor and Synchronous Motor 12.37 Speed Control of Induction Motors 12.37.1 Speed Control by Changing the Slip 12.37.2 Speed Control by Changing the Supply Frequency 12.37.3 Speed Control by Changing the Poles 13. Single-Phase Induction Motors 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Nature of Field Produced in Single-Phase Induction Motors 13.3 Torque Produced by Single-Phase Induction Motor 13.4 Types of Motors 13.5 Split-Phase Motors 13.5.1 Construction 13.5.2 Performance and Characteristics 13.5.3 Applications 13.5.4 Reversal of Direction of Rotation 13.6 Capacitor Motors 13.6.1 Capacitor Start Motors 13.6.2 Capacitor Run Motors (Fan Motors) 13.6.3 Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Motors 13.7 Shaded Pole Motor 13.7.1 Construction 13.7.2 Principle 13.7.3 Performance and Characteristics 13.8 Reluctance Start Motor 13.9 AC Series Motor or Commutator Motor 13.9.1 Performance and Characteristics 13.10 Universal Motor 13.10.1 Construction 13.10.2 Principle 13.10.3 Working 13.10.4 Applications 13.11 Speed Control of Single-Phase Induction Motors (Fan Regulator) 14. Three-Phase Synchronous Machines 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Synchronous Machine 14.3 Basic Principles 14.4 Generator and Motor Action 14.5 Production of Sinusoidal Alternating Emf 14.6 Relation between Frequency Speed and Number of Poles 14.7 Constructional Features of Synchronous Machines 14.8 Advantages of Rotating Field System Over Stationary Field System 14.9 Three-Phase Synchronous Machines 14.10 Emf Equation 14.11 Working Principle of a Three-Phase Synchronous Motor 14.12 Synchronous Motor on Load 14.13 Effect of Change in Excitation 14.14 V-Curves 14.15 Application of Synchronous Motor as a Synchronous Condenser 14.16 Characteristics of Synchronous Motor 14.17 Methods of Starting of Synchronous Motors 14.18 Hunting 14.19 Applications of Synchronous Motors Index 15. Sources of Electrical Power 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Classification of Sources of Energy 15.3 Introduction to Wind Energy 15.4 Introduction to Solar Energy 15.5 Introduction to Fuel Cell 15.6 Introduction to Hydroelectricity 15.7 Introduction to Tidal Power 15.8 Introduction to Geothermal Energy 15.9 Introduction to Thermal- (Steam, Diesel, and Gas Energy) Electric Power Stations 15.10 Introduction to Nuclear Power Plant 15.11 Concept of Cogeneration 15.12 Concept of Distributed Generation 16. Introduction to Power System 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Layout of Power System 16.3 Generation of Electrical Energy 16.4 Major Generating Stations 16.5 Hydroelectric Power Stations 16.6 Thermal Power Stations 16.7 Diesel Power Stations 16.8 Nuclear Power Stations 16.9 Transmission of Electrical Power or Energy 16.10 Distribution System 16.11 Substations 16.12 Interconnected System of Power Stations (Grid Station) 17. Introduction to Earthing and Electrical Safety 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Electric Shock 17.3 Electric Shock Treatment 17.4 Methods of Artificial Respiration 17.5 Precautions Against Electric Shock 17.6 Electric Safety Measures 17.7 Earthing 17.8 Size of Earth Wire 17.9 Double Earthing 17.10 Causes of Electric Fire 17.11 Prevention of Electric Fire 17.12 Fuse 17.13 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 17.14 Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) 18. Domestic Wiring & Illumination 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Types of Cables 18.3 Types of Wiring Systems 18.4 Important Lighting Accessories 18.5 Important Circuits 18.6 Illumination 18.7 Laws of Illumination 18.8 Illumination at a Point on the Plane Surface due to Light Source Suspended at a Height (H) 18.9 Electrical Methods of Producing Light 18.10 Sources of Light 18.11 Incandescent or Filament Lamps 18.12 Gaseous Discharge Lamps 18.13 Sodium Vapour Lamps 18.14 High-Pressure Mercury Vapour Lamps (M.A. Type) 18.15 Fluorescent Tubes 18.16 Comparison between Tungsten Filament Lamps and Fluorescent Tubes 18.17 Compact Fluorescent Lamps 18.18 Lighting Schemes 18.19 Design of Indoor Lighting Schemes 18.20 Methods of Lighting Calculations