Basic Course in Race Car Technology: Introduction to the Interaction of Tires, Chassis, Aerodynamics, Differential Locks and Frame

Series Foreword
Greeting
	Second Edition: Racing Car Technology Handbook - Six Volumes
Preface
Contents
Symbols, Units and Abbreviations
	Chapter 4
	Chapter 5
	Chapter 6
	Chapter 7
	Chapter 8
	Chapter 9
	Chapter 10
Abbreviations
1: Introduction
	References
2: History and Motivation
	2.1 History of Motor Sport
		2.1.1 1900-1910
		2.1.2 1911-1920
		2.1.3 1921-1930
		2.1.4 1931-1940
		2.1.5 1941-1950
		2.1.6 1951-1960
		2.1.7 1961-1970
		2.1.8 1971-1980
		2.1.9 1981-1990
		2.1.10 1991-2000
		2.1.11 2001-2010
		2.1.12 2011 To Date
	2.2 Motivation for Motor Sports
	References
3: Organization and Regulation
	3.1 Associations and Vehicle Categories
	3.2 Technical Regulations
		3.2.1 FIA Technical Regulations for Formula One Cars (2018)
		3.2.2 FIA Technical Regulations for LMP1 Hybrid Cars (2017)
		3.2.3 Technical Regulations of Other Racing Series
	References
4: Racing Tires
	4.1 Friction Circle
	4.2 Mechanisms of Force Transmission
	4.3 Lateral and Longitudinal Forces
	4.4 Influence of Wheel Camber
	4.5 Power Losses and Heating
	4.6 Inflation Pressure
	4.7 Tire Construction
	4.8 Wear and Damage Patterns
	References
5: Driving Dynamics Basics
	5.1 Movement Variables on the Vehicle
	5.2 Single Track Model
	5.3 Two-Track Model
	5.4 Influence of Wheel Load Changes on Vehicle Dynamics
	5.5 Driving Behavior as a Function of Balance, Brake Force Distribution and Drive Type
	5.6 Basic Driving Techniques
	References
6: Aerodynamics
	6.1 Aerodynamic Forces on the Complete Vehicle
	6.2 Driving Performance
	6.3 Basic Description of Flow Processes
	6.4 Drag
	6.5 Wing Profiles
		6.5.1 Basic Characteristics of Wing Profiles
		6.5.2 Influence of the Wing Geometry
		6.5.3 Multi-Element Wings
		6.5.4 Ground Effect of Wing Profiles
		6.5.5 Front and Rear Wings on Racing Vehicles
		6.5.6 Wake Vortices and End Plates
		6.5.7 Gurney Flap
		6.5.8 DRS and F-Duct Systems
		6.5.9 Flexible Wing Elements
	6.6 Underbody and Diffusers
		6.6.1 The Discovery of the Ground Effect
		6.6.2 Functioning of Diffusers
		6.6.3 Performance Optimization on Diffusers
	6.7 Spoilers, Splitters and Louvers
	6.8 Influence of the External Contour of the Vehicle
	6.9 Pitch Sensitivity
	6.10 Crosswind and Off-Design Conditions
	6.11 Active Downforce Generation
	6.12 Aerodynamic Development Trends and Influence of the Regulations
	References
7: Suspension, Steering and Brake System
	7.1 Tasks of the Suspension, the Steering and Brake System
	7.2 Double Wishbone and Multi-link Axles
	7.3 Springs and Stabilizers
		7.3.1 Ratio and Wheel Related Spring Rates
		7.3.2 Preload, Lowering and Crossweight
		7.3.3 Torsion Bars
		7.3.4 Stabilizers
	7.4 Shock Absorbers/Dampers
		7.4.1 The Function and Types of Telescopic Dampers
		7.4.2 Valve Systems
		7.4.3 Shock Absorbers for Motor Sport Applications
		7.4.4 Rotary Dampers
	7.5 3Heave-Spring/Damper and FRIC Systems
	7.6 Inertia Dampers
	7.7 Chassis Geometry
		7.7.1 Instantaneous Center and Roll Axis
		7.7.2 Pitch Center and Anti-geometries
		7.7.3 Bump Steer
	7.8 Steering System
		7.8.1 Steering Geometry
		7.8.2 Power
	7.9 Toe-in and Camber Adjustment
	7.10 Brake System
		7.10.1 Brake Force Distribution
		7.10.2 Hydraulic Braking System with Balance Bar
		7.10.3 Braking Systems for KERS Use
	References
8: Limited Slip Differentials
	8.1 Design of Differential Gears
	8.2 Driving Dynamics Function of Conventional Axle Differentials
	8.3 Driving Dynamics Operation of Differential Locks
		8.3.1 Locking Behavior During Steady-State Cornering
		8.3.2 Locking Behavior During Accelerated Cornering
		8.3.3 Locking Behavior During Braking
		8.3.4 Interaction with the Steering System with the Front Axle Driven
	8.4 Classification of Limited Slip Differentials
	8.5 Active and Controlled Limited Slip Differentials
	8.6 Torque-Sensing Limited Slip Differentials
	8.7 Speed-Sensing Limited Slip Differentials
	8.8 Torque and Speed Sensing Limited Slip Differentials
	8.9 Spool
	8.10 One-Sided Brake Application
	8.11 Superposition Differentials and ``Torque Splitters´´
	8.12 Technical Regulations for the Final Drive
	8.13 Weismann Differential and ``Detroit Locker´´
	References
9: Concept and Structure
	9.1 Overall Vehicle Concept
	9.2 Powertrain Concept
	9.3 Structural Designs
		9.3.1 Basic Concepts of Lightweight Construction
		9.3.2 Integral Body Structure
		9.3.3 Space Frame Design
		9.3.4 Roll Cage
		9.3.5 Tubular Frame Construction
		9.3.6 Stressed-Skin Design
		9.3.7 Monocoque Construction and Fiber Composites
	9.4 Torsional Stiffness
	References
10: Safety in Motorsport
	10.1 Historical Review
	10.2 Accident Sequence and Rescue Chain
	10.3 Crashworthiness
	10.4 Restraint Systems and Driver Equipment
	10.5 Track Design and Safety
	References
11: Questions and Tasks
	11.1 Questionnaire
	11.2 Collection of Tasks and Solutions
		11.2.1 Tasks
		11.2.2 Solutions