Basic Chemistry

Cover
Half Title Page
Tilte Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
1 Chemistry in Our Lives
	CAREER Forensic Scientist
	1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals
	1.2 Scientific Method: Thinking Like a Scientist
		Chemistry Link to Health Early Chemist: Paracelsus
	1.3 Studying and Learning Chemistry
	1.4 Key Math Skills for Chemistry
	1.5 Writing Numbers in Scientific Notation
		UPDATE Forensic Evidence Helps Solve the Crime
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Key Math Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
2 Chemistry and Measurements
	CAREER Registered Nurse
	2.1 Units of Measurement
	2.2 Measured Numbers and Significant Figures
	2.3 Significant Figures in Calculations
	2.4 Prefixes and Equalities
	2.5 Writing Conversion Factors
	2.6 Problem Solving Using Unit Conversion
		Chemistry Link to Health Toxicology and Risk–Benefit Assessment
	2.7 Density
		Chemistry Link to Health Bone Density
	UPDATE Greg’s Visit with His Doctor
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Key Math Skills
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
3 Matter and Energy
	CAREER Dietitian
	3.1 Classification of Matter
		Chemistry Link to Health Breathing Mixtures
	3.2 States and Properties of Matter
	3.3 Temperature
		Chemistry Link to Health Variation in Body Temperature
	3.4 Energy
	3.5 Specific Heat
	3.6 Energy and Nutrition
		Chemistry Link to Health Losing and Gaining Weight
	UPDATE A Diet and Exercise Program
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 1 to 3
4 Atoms and Elements
	CAREER Farmer
	4.1 Elements and Symbols
	4.2 The Periodic Table
		Chemistry Link to Health Elements Essential to Health
	4.3 The Atom
	4.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number
	4.5 Isotopes and Atomic Mass
	UPDATE Improving Crop Production
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
5 Electronic Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends
	CAREER Materials Engineer
	5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
		Chemistry Link to Health Biological Reactions to UV Light
	5.2 Atomic Spectra and Energy Levels
	5.3 Sublevels and Orbitals
	5.4 Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configurations
	5.5 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
	5.6 Trends in Periodic Properties
	UPDATE Developing New Materials for Computer Chips
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding The Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
	CAREER Pharmacist
	6.1 Ions: Transfer of Electrons
		Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Ions in the Body
	6.2 Ionic Compounds
	6.3 Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas
	6.4 Polyatomic Ions
	6.5 Molecular Compounds: Sharing Electrons
	UPDATE Compounds at the Pharmacy
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
7 Chemical Quantities
	CAREER Veterinarian
	7.1 The Mole
	7.2 Molar Mass
	7.3 Calculations Using Molar Mass
	7.4 Mass Percent Composition
		Chemistry Link to the Environment Fertilizers
	7.5 Empirical Formulas
	7.6 Molecular Formulas
	UPDATE Prescriptions for Max
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 4 to 7
8 Chemical Reactions
	CAREER Exercise Physiologist
	8.1 Equations for Chemical Reactions
	8.2 Balancing a Chemical Equation
	8.3 Types of Chemical Reactions
		Chemistry Link to Health Incomplete Combustion: Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide
	8.4 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
	UPDATE Improving Natalie’s Overall Fitness
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
9 Chemical Quantities in Reactions
	CAREER Environmental Scientist
	9.1 Conservation of Mass
	9.2 Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations
	9.3 Mass Calculations for Chemical Reactions
	9.4 Limiting Reactants
	9.5 Percent Yield
	9.6 Energy in Chemical Reactions
		Chemistry Link to Health Cold Packs andHot Packs
	UPDATE Testing Water Samples for Insecticides
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
10 Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids
	CAREER Histologist
	10.1 Lewis Structures for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions
	10.2 Resonance Structures
	10.3 Shapes of Molecules and Polyatomic Ions (VSEPR Theory)
	10.4 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
	10.5 Polarity of Molecules
	10.6 Intermolecular Forces Between Atoms or Molecules
	10.7 Changes of State
		Chemistry Link to Health Steam Burns
	UPDATE Histologist Stains Tissue with Dye
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 8 to 10
11 Gases
	CAREER Respiratory Therapist
	11.1 Properties of Gases
		Chemistry Link to Health Measuring Blood Pressure
	11.2 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law)
		Chemistry Link to Health Pressure–Volume Relationship in Breathing
	11.3 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law)
	11.4 Temperature and Pressure (Gay‐Lussac’s Law)
	11.5 The Combined Gas Law
	11.6 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law)
	11.7 The Ideal Gas Law
	11.8 Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions
	11.9 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law)
		Chemistry Link to Health Blood Gases
		Chemistry Link to Health Hyperbaric Chambers
	UPDATE Exercise‐Induced Asthma
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
12 Solutions
	CAREER Dialysis Nurse
	12.1 Solutions
		Chemistry Link to Health Water in the Body
	12.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
		Chemistry Link to Health Electrolytes in Body Fluids
	12.3 Solubility
		Chemistry Link to Health Gout and Kidney Stones: Saturation in Body Fluids
	12.4 Solution Concentrations
	12.5 Dilution of Solutions
	12.6 Chemical Reactions in Solution
	12.7 Molality and Freezing Point Lowering/Boiling Point Elevation
	12.8 Properties of Solutions: Osmosis
		Chemistry Link to Health Hemodialysis and the Artificial Kidney
	UPDATE Using Dialysis for Renal Failure
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
13 Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium
	CAREER Chemical Oceanographer
	13.1 Rates of Reactions
	13.2 Chemical Equilibrium
	13.3 Equilibrium Constants
	13.4 Using Equilibrium Constants
	13.5 Changing Equilibrium Conditions: Le ChÂtelier’s Principle
		Chemistry Link to Health Oxygen–Hemoglobin Equilibrium and Hypoxia
		Chemistry Link to Health Homeostasis: Regulation of Body Temperature
	13.6 Equilibrium in Saturated Solutions
	UPDATE Equilibrium of in the Ocean
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
14 Acids and Bases
	CAREER Medical Laboratory Technologist
	14.1 Acids and Bases
	14.2 BrØnsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
	14.3 Strengths of Acids and Bases
	14.4 Dissociation of Weak Acids and Bases
	14.5 Dissociation of Water
	14.6 The pH Scale
		Chemistry Link to Health Stomach Acid, HCl
	14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases
		Chemistry Link to Health Antacids
	14.8 Acid–Base Titration
	14.9 Buffers
		Chemistry Link to Health Buffers in the Blood Plasma
	UPDATE Acid Reflux Disease
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Key Math Skills
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 11 to 14
15 Oxidation and Reduction
	CAREER Dentist
	15.1 Oxidation and Reduction
	15.2 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations Using Half‐Reactions
	15.3 Electrical Energy from Oxidation–‐Reduction Reactions
		Chemistry Link to the Environment Corrosion: Oxidation of Metals
		Chemistry Link to THE ENVIRONMENT Fuel Cells: Clean Energy for the Future
	15.4 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions That Require Electrical Energy
	UPDATE Whitening Kimberly’s Teeth
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
16 Nuclear Chemistry
	CAREER Radiation Technologist
	16.1 Natural Radioactivity
	16.2 Nuclear Reactions
		Chemistry Link to Health Radon in Our Homes
	16.3 Radiation Measurement
		Chemistry Link to Health Radiation and Food
	16.4 Half‐Life of a Radioisotope
		Chemistry Link to the Environment Dating Ancient Objects
	16.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity
		Chemistry Link to Health Brachytherapy
	16.6 Nuclear Fission and Fusion
	UPDATE Cardiac Imaging Using a Radioisotope
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 15 and 16
17 Organic Chemistry
	CAREER Firefighter/Emergency Medical Technician
	17.1 Alkanes
	17.2 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Polymers
		Chemistry Link to Health Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Fats
	17.3 Aromatic Compounds
		Chemistry Link to Health Some Common Aromatic Compounds
		Chemistry Link to Health Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
	17.4 Alcohols and Ethers
		Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
	17.5 Aldehydes and Ketones
		Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones
	17.6 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
		Chemistry Link to Health Carboxylic Acids in Metabolism
	17.7 Amines and Amides
		Chemistry Link to the Environment Alkaloids: Amines in Plants
	UPDATE Diane’s Treatment in the Burn Unit
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Summary of Naming
	Summary of Reactions
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
18 Biochemistry
	CAREER Diabetes Nurse
	18.1 Carbohydrates
		Chemistry Link to Health Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
	18.2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
		Chemistry Link to Health How Sweet is My Sweetener?
	18.3 Lipids
	18.4 Amino Acids and Proteins
		Chemistry Link to Health Essential Amino Acids and Complete Proteins
	18.5 Protein Structure
	18.6 Proteins as Enzymes
	18.7 Nucleic Acids
	18.8 Protein Synthesis
		UPDATE Kate’s Program for Type 2 Diabetes
	Concept Map
	Chapter Review
	Key Terms
	Core Chemistry Skills
	Understanding the Concepts
	Additional Practice Problems
	Challenge Problems
	Answers to Engage Questions
	Answers to Selected Problems
	Combining Ideas from Chapters 17 and 18
Credits
Glossary/Index