Barrier Properties of Polymer Clay Nanocomposites (Nanotechnology Science and Technology)

BARRIER PROPERTIES OF
POLYMER CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 10
ABSTRACT......Page 12
1.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 13
1.2. THEORY OF PERMEATION......Page 14
1.3.2. Materials with Plate-Like Inclusions......Page 17
1.4. MODIFIED PERMEATION MODELS......Page 20
1.5. MEASUREMENT OF BARRIER PERFORMANCE......Page 24
1.6. TRANSPORT MECHANISM ANDDIFFERENT POLYMER SYSTEMS......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 28
ABSTRACT......Page 30
2.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 31
2.2. CONVENTIONAL NANOCOMPOSITES AND NEED OF NEW SYSTEMS......Page 32
2.3. GRAFTING ‘TO’ THE SURFACE APPROACH......Page 34
2.4. GRAFTING ‘FROM’ THE SURFACE APPROACH......Page 38
2.5. GRAFTING USING CONTROLLED LIVINGPOLYMERIZATION APPROACH......Page 42
2.6. POLYOLEFINS GRAFTING ‘FROM’ THE SURFACE......Page 45
REFERENCES......Page 47
3.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 52
3.2.1. Early Developments......Page 53
3.2.2. Basic Relationships......Page 55
3.2.4.1. Effect of Chemical Constituents and the Presence of Chemical Cross-links......Page 56
3.2.4.3. Effect of Chain Orientation......Page 57
3.3. TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN MICROANDNANO-COMPOSITES......Page 58
3.4. CONTINUUM MODELING OF TRANSPORTPROPERTIES OF POLYMER COMPOSITES......Page 61
3.5.2. Effect of Soft Segment Type, Its Composition, and Molecular Weight......Page 65
3.5.3. Effect of Hard Segment Content and the Extent of Phase Separation......Page 69
3.6. PERMEABILITY OF FILLED POLYURETHANES ANDPOLYURETHANEUREAS: MICRO- AND NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 71
3.7. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENONIN SHAPE MEMORY POLYMERS......Page 73
3.7.1. Importance of Mass Transfer in SMP:Actuation by Water Absorption in Surgical Procedures......Page 74
3.8. CONCLUSIONS......Page 77
REFERENCES......Page 78
4.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 84
4.2. MODELING OF THE PERMEABILITY OF NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 86
4.3.1. Effect of Nanoplatelet Loading......Page 90
4.3.2. Effect of Nanoplatelet Dispersion......Page 92
4.3.3. Effect of Nanoplatelet Aspect Ratio......Page 94
4.3.4. Effect of Nanoplatelet Orientation......Page 96
4.3.5. Control of Nanocomposite Morphology......Page 97
REFERENCES......Page 99
ABSTRACT......Page 104
5.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 105
5.2. BARRIER PROPERTIES OF POLYOLEFINNANOCOMPOSITES: EFFECT OF COMPATIBILIZER......Page 108
5.3. ROLE OF OPTIMUM CLAY MODIFICATION......Page 109
5.4. USE OF LONG CHAIN SURFACE MODIFICATIONS......Page 111
5.5. USE OF HIGHER CHAIN DENSITY AMMONIUM MODIFICATIONS......Page 114
5.6. EFFECT OF CEC ON THE BARRIER PERFORMANCEOF POLYOLEFIN NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 119
5.7. ADVANCES IN FILLER SURFACE MODIFICATIONSFOR BETTER BARRIER PROPERTIES......Page 120
5.8. MODELING OF BARRIER PROPERTIES......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 125
ABSTRACT......Page 128
6.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 129
6.2.1. Materials......Page 131
6.2.3. Preparation of PVA/PAM/SPT Hybrid Films......Page 132
Dispersion of the Clay in PVA......Page 133
Morphology......Page 134
6.3.2. PVA/PAM/SPT Nanocomposite Films......Page 135
Morphology......Page 136
6.3.3. Gas Permeation Properties of PVA Hybrid and PVA/PAM HybridFilms......Page 139
6.3.4. Optical Properties......Page 145
REFERENCES......Page 146
ABSTRACT......Page 150
7.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 151
7.2. POLYMER LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 152
7.3. BARRIER ENHANCEMENTS WITH PLATELETS NANOFILLERS......Page 154
7.4.1. Crystallinity and Crystal Phase of Polyamide Nanocomposites......Page 157
7.4.2. Chain Mobility and Constrained Regions of Amorphous Phase......Page 159
7.4.3. Correlation between Structure, Processing and Gas Barrier Properties of Polyamide Nanocomposites......Page 160
7.4.4. Effect of Humidity on Polyamide Gas Barrier......Page 171
7.5. POLYAMIDE NANOCOMPOSITES IN MULTICOMPONENT STRUCTURES......Page 173
REFERENCES......Page 176
8.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 180
8.2. MODELS, SIMULATIONS, AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ASPECT RATIO EFFECTS......Page 183
8.2.1. Ribbons in a Regular Array......Page 184
8.2.2. Ribbons in a Random Array......Page 186
8.2.3. Polydisperse Ribbons in a Random Array......Page 187
8.2.5. Disk-Like Platelets......Page 188
8.2.6. Comparison of Analytical Models for Aligned Filler Platelets......Page 191
8.2.8. Aspect Ratio and Filler Orientation......Page 192
8.2.9. Aspect Ratio and Interfacial Effects......Page 193
8.3. ASPECT RATIO EFFECTS PARTICULARTO NANOCOMPOSITES......Page 194
8.3.2. Self-Avoiding Walk in Nanocomposites......Page 195
8.3.4. Aspect Ratio and Interfacial Regions in Nanocomposites......Page 196
8.3.6. Free Volume Effects in Nanocomposites......Page 197
REFERENCES......Page 198
ABSTRACT......Page 200
9.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 201
9.2.1. Clay Minerals......Page 202
9.2.2. Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH)......Page 203
9.3. CHARACTERIZATION AND ESTABLISHMENT
OF NANOSTRUCTURE OF COMPOSITES......Page 204
Infrared Spectroscopy......Page 205
9.3.2. EVA/LDH Nanocomposites......Page 206
9.4.1. In Improvement of Thermal Stability of EVA......Page 208
9.4.1.1. Clay/EVA Nanocomposites......Page 209
9.4.1.2. EVA/LDH Nanocomposites......Page 214
9.4.2. In Decreasing Flammability of EVA......Page 215
9.4.3. In Reduction of Gas Permeability of EVA......Page 217
REFERENCES......Page 218
10.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 224
10.3. PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS......Page 226
10.4. TENSILE PROPERTIES......Page 227
10.5. MOISTURE ABSORPTION......Page 228
REFERENCES......Page 238
ABSTRACT......Page 242
11.1. INTRODUCTION......Page 243
11.2.1. Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)......Page 246
11.2.2. Cellulose and Their Derivatives......Page 248
11.2.3. Polylactic Acid (PLA)......Page 251
11.2.4. Polycaprolactone (PCL)......Page 254
11.2.5.2. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)......Page 258
11.2.5.3. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)......Page 259
11.3. CONCLUSIONS......Page 261
REFERENCES......Page 262
INDEX......Page 268