Bandwidth and Efficiency Enhancement in Radio Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wireless Transmitters (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)

Contents
1 Introduction to RF Power Amplifier Design and Architecture
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Power Amplifier Design Parameters
		1.2.1 Power Amplifier Design Specifications
		1.2.2 Power Amplifier Nonlinear Distortion Parameters
		1.2.3 Modulated Measurement and Characterization of Power Amplifiers
	1.3 High-Efficiency Power Amplifier Design
		1.3.1 Classes of Operation: Based on Conduction Angle Mode
		1.3.2 Switch-Mode Power Amplifiers
			Class D Power Amplifier
			Class E Power Amplifier
			Class S Power Amplifier
			Class F Power Amplifiers
		1.3.3 Continuous Mode of Operation
			Design Strategy for Continuous Class J Power Amplifiers
			Theory of Continuous Class F Power Amplifier
			Class E Continuum
		1.3.4 Harmonic Injection-Based Power Amplifiers
			Concept of Active Harmonic Injection
			Fourier Analysis of Harmonic Injected Power Amplifier
	1.4 Load Modulation for Average Efficiency Enhancement
		1.4.1 Doherty Power Amplifier
		1.4.2 Multistage Doherty Power Amplifier
			Three-Stage Doherty Power Amplifier: Topology 1
			Three-Stage Doherty Power Amplifier: Topology 2
			Chireix Outphasing Power Amplifier
			Chireix Outphasing Combiner
			Generalized Combiner Synthesis Technique for Class E Chireix Outphasing Amplifier
	1.5 Power Amplifier Linearization
		1.5.1 Nonlinear Characterization
			Baseband Complex Waveform Capture
			Delay Compensation
			Model Characterization
			Model Validation
		1.5.2 Predistortion
			Analog Predistortion
			Digital Predistortion
			Hybrid Predistortion
		1.5.3 Feedforward Architecture
	1.6 Delta-Sigma Modulation-Based Transmitters
	References
2 Nonlinear Device Characterization and Modeling for Power Amplifiers
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Transistors Used in Power Amplifiers
	2.3 Figures-of-Merit
	2.4 Transistor Modeling
	2.5 Distributed Effects Along the Gate Width
	2.6 Characterizing and Modeling Memory Effects in Transistors
	2.7 Large Signal Measurement Techniques
	2.8 Load-Pull and Interactive Load Line-Based PA Design
	2.9 Behavioral Modeling
		2.9.1 Harmonic Volterra Functions
	References
3 Power Amplifier Design Using Nonlinear Embedding
	3.1 Introduction to the Nonlinear Embedding Device Model
	3.2 Design of Switch-Mode Power Amplifiers with an Embedding Model
	3.3 Design of Load Modulation Power Amplifiers with an Embedding Model
		3.3.1 Continuum Theory
		3.3.2 Design of the Outphasing Power Amplifier Combiner at the Package Reference Planes
		3.3.3 Dual-Input Doherty Power Amplifier
		3.3.4 Chireix Power Amplifier
		3.3.5 Hybrid Chireix–Doherty Power Amplifier
		3.3.6 Conclusion
	References
4 Broadband Techniques in Power Amplifiers
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Broadband Continuous Class of Operation
		4.2.1 Design Strategy for Continuous Class J Power Amplifiers
		4.2.2 Design Strategy for Continuous Class F Power Amplifier
			Extended Continuous Class F Mode
			Investigating Feasible Design Space
			Broadband Continuous Class F PA Design
		4.2.3 Reactive Compensation Scheme in Class E Power Amplifier for Broadband Application
			Reactance Compensation Technique
			Continuous Class E Power Amplifier
	4.3 Bandwidth Enhancement in Harmonic Injection Power Amplifiers
	4.4 Enhancing the Operating Range and Bandwidth of Load Modulation Schemes
		4.4.1 Architectures for Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier
		4.4.2 Broadband Multistage Doherty Power Amplifier with High Dynamic Range
			Bandwidth Enhancement in Multistage DPA Topology-1
			Bandwidth Enhancement in Multistage DPA Topology-2
		4.4.3 Broadband Generalized Load Combiner for Doherty Power Amplifier
		4.4.4 Broadband and Multiband Chireix Outphasing Power Amplifier
	4.5 Distributed Power Amplifiers
	4.6 Broadband Power Combining Techniques
		4.6.1 Transformer-Type Power Combiner
		4.6.2 Reactively Matched Power Combiner
	References
5 Digital Techniques for Broadband and Linearized Transmitters
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Nonlinear Behavior of Multiband RF Transmitters
		5.2.1 Identification of IMD Terms for Multiband Operation
		5.2.2 Multiband Signals at Unrelated Frequencies
		5.2.3 Multiband Signals at Harmonically Related Frequencies
	5.3 Nonlinear Harmonic Injection Scheme for Filterless Transmitter Architecture
		5.3.1 Digitally Supported Feed-Forward Technique
		5.3.2 Digitally Supported Harmonic Injection Technique
	5.4 Delta Sigma-Based Transmitters
		5.4.1 Multilevel Architectures
		5.4.2 Time Interleaving and Digital Sequencing in Multilevel Architecture
	5.5 Hybrid Predistortion Scheme for Broadband Linearization
		5.5.1 Digital Vector Modulator-Based Architecture
		5.5.2 Analog Vector Modulator-Based Architecture
	5.6 Linearization Example for Bias Modulationand Envelope TrackingLinearization Example for Bias Modulation and Envelope Tracking
		5.6.1 Envelope Tracking PA
		5.6.2 Conventional Dual-Band ET PA Behavioral Models
		5.6.3 Behavioral Model of ET-PA
	References
6 Advance Materials for Power Amplifier Design and Packaging
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 On-Chip Power Amplifiers
		6.2.1 MOS-Based Design
			Stacked Topology for RF CMOS Power Amplifier
		6.2.2 GaAs and GaN MMIC Designs
			Advancements in GaN MMIC Technology
	6.3 Reconfigurability and Tuning in Power Amplifiers Using Microelectromechanical Systems
	6.4 Design and Challenges in High-Frequency and High-Power Packaging
	6.5 Techniques for Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifier Design
	References
Index