Aztec Latin: Renaissance Learning and Nahuatl Traditions in Early Colonial Mexico

Cover
Half-Title
Title
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Illustrations
Plates
Introduction
1. Faith, Politics, and the Pursuit of Humanity: The First Scholars in New Spain
		I. Humanism in Europe and the Hispanic world
	II.	 The earliest missionaries in New Spain
	III.	 Fray Juan de Zumárraga and his associates
	IV. Vasco de Quiroga
	V. Fray Julián Garcés
	VI.	 Conclusions
2. Persuasion for a Pagan Audience: Rhetoric, Memory, and Action in Missionary Writing
	I. Rhetoric in the Christian tradition and humanist education
	II. Teaching religion by peaceful persuasion: Fray Bartolomé de  las Casas, De unico vocationis modo, c. 1539
	III. Conversion by force: Fray Juan Focher and Fray Diego Valadés
	IV.	 Fray Diego Valadés’ Rhetorica Christiana, 1579
		(i)	 Conception and structure
		(ii)	 Valadés’ visual illustrations
		(iii)	 Art of memory in the Rhetorica Christiana
		(iv) Valadés’ Mexican calendar
	V.	 Conversion through action: Fray Cristóbal Cabrera, De solicitanda infidelium conversione, 1582
	VI. Conclusions
3. Between Babel and Utopia: Renaissance Grammar and  Amerindian Languages
	I.	 Latin and vernacular grammar in Renaissance Europe
	II. Humanist models for artes and vocabularies of  Amerindian languages
	III. Erasmus’ interpretation of Babel and the confusion of tongues
	IV. Latin and the artes of Amerindian languages
	V. Antonio de Nebrija’s Introductiones Latinae, c. 1487, and  Fray Andrés de Olmos’ Arte de la lengua mexicana, 1547
	VI. Fray Maturino Gilberti’s Arte de la lengua de Michuacan, 1558, and Grammatica Maturini, 1559
	VII. Conclusions
4. Education of the Indigenous Nobility: The Imperial College of  Santa Cruz at Santiago Tlatelolco
	I.	 Initial contexts and motives for the Indians’ Latin education
	II.	 Foundation of Santa Cruz: Objectives and controversies
	III. Education and the trivium at Santa Cruz
		(i) Grammar and Latin expression
		(ii) Logic and rhetoric
	IV. Conclusions
5. From the Epistolae et Evangelia to the Huehuetlahtolli:  Indian Latinists and the Creation of Nahuatl Literature
	I. Latin manuscripts by Mexican scholars
		(i) Juan Badiano, Libellus de medicinalibus Indorum herbis, 1552
		(ii) A trilingual vocabulary of Spanish, Latin, and Nahuatl, c. 1545
	II. Status and achievements of the native translators
	III.	 Biblical translation
	IV.	 Religious literature in Nahuatl: Translations and new compositions
		(i)	 Colloquios y Doctrina christiana, 1564
		(ii) Translations of the Contemptus mundi and Spanish devotional literature
		(iii) The Colloquios de la paz, c. 1540, and Espejo divino, 1607
		(iv) The Huehuetlahtolli, c. 1601
	V. Conclusions: Latin humanism and Nahuatl literature
6. Humanism and Ethnohistory: Petitions in Latin from Tlacopan  and Azcapotzalco
	I. Juan de Tlaxcala, ‘Verba sociorum domini petri  tlacauepantzi’, 1541
	II. Antonio Cortés Totoquihuatzin, ‘S.C.C. Majestati’ to  Charles V, 1552
		(i) Context and argument of the Latin letter to Charles V
		(ii) Further narratives in the 1552 letter
	III. Rulers of Azcapotzalco, ‘Invictissimo Hispaniarum Regi’ to  Philip II, 1561
		(i) Context and argument of the Latin letter to Philip II
		(ii) Competing accounts of the Tepaneca and Mexica
		(iii) Humanist style and Nahuatl idiom
		(iv) Antonio Valeriano as author of the Azcapotzalco letter
	IV. Conclusions
7. A Mirror for Mexican Princes: The Nahuatl Translation of  Aesop’s Fables
	I. Manuscripts of Aesop’s Fables in Nahuatl
	II. The source of the Nahuatl fables: Joachim Camerarius,  Fabellae Aesopicae, 1538
	III. The purpose of the Nahuatl translation
	IV.	 The identity of the translator or translators
	V. Conclusions
8. Aztec Gods and Orators: Classical Learning and Indigenous  Agency in the Florentine Codex
	I. Conception of the Historia general; models and precedents
	II. Greco-.Roman paganism and the extirpation of idolatry
	III. Classical allusions in the Historia general
	IV.	 Book 6: De la Rethorica, y philosophia moral, y theologia, 1577
		(i) The Nahuatl speeches in Book 6, ­chapters 1–.40
		(ii) The Adagios, Çaçaniles, and Methaphoras: Book 6, ­chapters 41–.43
	V. Conclusions
9. Universal Histories for Posterity: Native Chroniclers and  Their European Sources
	I.	 Classical illustrations in the works of Diego Muñoz Camargo  and Hernando de Alvarado Tezozomoc
	II.	 Classical authorities in Chimalpahin’s Nahuatl annals
	III. Classical models in Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s portrayal of Nezahualcoyotl
	IV. Conclusions
10. General Conclusions and Envoi
Appendix 1: Catalogues and Conspectuses
	1.1 Synopses of Renaissance Latin grammars and of the first artes of  Nahuatl and Purépecha
	1.2 Books purchased in 1559 by Antonio Huitzimengari,  native governor of Michoacán
	1.3 Books at the Imperial College of Santa Cruz in Tlatelolco, 1572–.1584
	1.4 	Named alumni of the College of Santa Cruz
	1.5 	Genealogies for Pedro de Montezuma, Antonio Valeriano, Antonio Cortés Totoquihuatzin, and Hernando de Alvarado Tezozomoc
	1.6 	Titles and morals of Aesop’s Fables in Latin and Nahuatl
	1.7 	Types and qualities of the speeches in Book 6 of the Florentine Codex
Appendix 2: Texts and Translations
	2.1	 Fray Julián Garcés, De habilitate et capacitate gentium, 1537,  on the conduct and scholarly capability of the Indians of New Spain
	2.2	 Juan Badiano, Libellus de medicinalibus Indorum herbis, Dedication  and Coda, 1552
	2.3	 Antonio Cortés Totoquihuatzin, Letter to Emperor Charles V, 1552
	2.4	 Rulers of Azcapotzalco, Letter to Philip II of Spain, 1561
	2.5 Antonio Valeriano, Letter to Fray Juan Bautista, c. 1600
	2.6	 Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Reply of the Mexica lords to the  Franciscan Twelve, 1564
Appendix 3: Excursus on Antonio Valeriano and the Virgin of Guadalupe
Bibliography
	Abbreviations
	PRIMARY SOURCES
		(I) ANONYMOUS TEXTS AND CODICES, BY TITLE
		(II) MANUSCRIPT AND PRINT SOURCES BEFORE 1800 (BY AUTHOR)
	SECONDARY LITERATURE
Index