Avian Medicine: Principles and Application

Avian Medicine: Principles and Application
Contents
Contributors
Acknowlegements
Foreword
Preface
Prologue
	Avian Conservation: The Veterinarian's Role
		Man and Birds
		Conservation Biology
Section 1: The Companion Bird
	Chapter 1: The Avian Patient
		Selection of Companion Birds
		The Home Environment
	Chapter 2: The Avian Flock
		Flock Preventive Medicine
		Evaluating and Treating Flock Problems
	Chapter 3: Nutrition
		Water
		Nutrient Interrelationships
		Methods for Determining Nutrient Requirements
		Current Nutritional Knowledge
		Essential Nutrients and Their Biological Functions
	Chapter 4: Perspective on Parrot Behavior
		Behavior in the Wild
		Companion Bird Behavior
		Training
		Behavioral Modification
	Chapter 5: Defense Mechanisms of the Avian Host
		Nonspecific Defense
		Specific Defense
		Disturbance of the Defense System
	Chapter 6: Future Preventative Medicine
		Overview of DNA and RNA
		DNA Probe Technology
		Vaccines
		Antimicrobial Therapy
Section 2: Patient Evaluation
	Chapter 7: Practice Dynamics
		Getting Started
		Accommodating the Avian Patient
		Environmental Responsibility
	Chapter 8: Making Distinctions in the Physical Examination
		Anamnesis
		Physical Examination
	Chapter 9: Hematology
		Processing the Avian Hematologic Sample
		Interpretation of the Avian Hemogram
		Evaluation of the Hematopoietic Tissue
	Chapter 10: Cytology
		Sample Collection
		Evaluation of the Cytologic Sample
		Cytology of Commonly Sampled Fluids and Tissues
	Chapter 11: Biochemistries
		Laboratory Considerations
		Reference Values – Reference Intervals
		Types of Testing
		Indices
	Chapter 12: Imaging Techniques
		Technical Considerations
		Radiographic Interpretation
		Contrast Procedures
		Alternative Imaging
		Radiographic Anatomy and Abnormalities
	Chapter 13: Endoscopic Examination and Biopsy Techniques
		Clinical Applications of Endoscopy
		Biopsy Techniques
	Chapter 14: Necropsy Examination
		Necropsy Record
		Preparing for the Necropsy
		The Necropsy Examination
		Specimen Collection for Ancillary Testing
Section 3: Treatment Regimens
	Chapter 15: Supportive Care and Emergency Therapy
		Emergency Stabilization
		Emergency Problems
	Chapter 16: Trauma Medicine
		Principles of Wound Management
		Specific Traumatic Injuries and Their Management
	Chapter 17: Antimicrobial Therapy
		Factors Influencing Selection of an Antibiotic
		Antibacterial Therapy
		Antifungal Therapy
	Chapter 18: Formulary
		Product Information
		Therapeutic Agents
		Durg Dosing Chart
Section 4: Internal Medicine
	Chapter 19: Gastroenterology
		The Beak
		The Oropharynx and Salivary Glands
		The Esophagus and Crop
		The Proventriculus and Ventriculus
		The Small and Large Intestines
		The Cloaca
		The Pancreas
		The Pleuro-peritoneum
	Chapter 20: Hepatology
		Diagnostic Considerations
		Liver Diseases
		Treatment of Liver Disorders
	Chapter 21: Nephrology
		Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidney
		Clinicopathologic Diagnosis of Renal Dysfunction
		Diseases of the Kidney
		Therapeutic Considerations
	Chapter 22: Pneumonology
		The Respiratory Tract
		Respiratory Physiology
		Diagnostic Techniques
		Aerosol Therapy
		Specific Respiratory Diseases
	Chapter 23: Endocrinology
		The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
		Calcium Metabolism
		The Thyroid Glands
		The Adrenal Glands
		Endocrine Control of Feather Formation
		Diabetes Mellitus
		Polyuria/Polydipsia (PU/PD)
	Chapter 24: Dermatology
		Anatomy and Physiology of the Avian Integument
		General Diagnosis and Therapy
		Specific Etiologies of Generalized Germatopathies
		Diseases of the Feathers
	Chapter 25: Oncology
		Integumentary System
		Respiratory System
		Circulatory System
		Musculoskeletal System
		Urogenital System
		Digestive System
		Endocrine System
		Nervous System and Eye
		Hemolymphatic System
	Chapter 26: Ophthalmology
		Anatomy of the Eye
		Ophthalmic Disorders
	Chapter 27: Cardiology
		Evaluating the Avian Heart
		Electrocardiology
		Arrhythmias
		Cardiovascular Diseases
	Chapter 28: Neurology
		Neuroanatomy
		Neurologic Examination
		Diagnostic Techniques
		Neuropathies
		Infectious Neuropathies
		Congenital Abnormalities
	Chapter 29: Theriogenology
		Female Reproductive Anatomy and Egg Formation
		Male Reproductive Anatomy
		Female Reproductive Disorders
		Male Reproductive Disorders
		Artificial Insemination
		Non-disease Factors Affecting Reproduction
		Artificial Incubation
	Chapter 30: Neonatology
		Hand-raising Birds
		Common Problems of Neonates
Section 5: Disease Etiologies
	Chapter 31: Malnutrition
		Clinical ConditionsAssociated with Malnutrition
		Deficiencies of Specific Nutrients
	Chapter 32: Viruses
		Diagnostic Principles
		Avipoxvirus
		Herpesviridae
		Papovaviridae
		Circoviridae
		Adenovirus
		Parvoviridae
		Hepadnaviridae
		Reoviridae
		Birnaviridae
		Coronaviridae
		Togaviridae and Flaviviridae (Arbovirus A and B)
		Rhabdoviridae
		Paramyxoviridae
		Orthomyxovirus
		Retroviridae
		Picornaviridae
		Diseases with Infectious Characteristics but Uncertain Etiology
	Chapter 33: Bacteria
		Gram-negative Bacteria of Clinical Significance
		Other Gram-negative Rods
		Gram-positive Bacteria of Clinical Significance
	Chapter 34: Chlamydia
		Diagnosis of Chlamydiosis
		Treatment of Chlamydiosis
	Chapter 35: Mycoses
		Common Fungal Diseases
		Uncommon Fungal Diseases
	Chapter 36: Parasites
		Diagnosis of Parasites
		Clinically Significant Parasites
	Chapter 37: Toxins
		Ingested Toxins
		Iatrogenic Intoxications
		Airborne Toxins
		Insecticides
	Chapter 38: Mycoplasma and Rickettsia
		Mycoplasmatales
		Rickettsia
Section 6: Surgery
	Chapter 39: Anesthesiology
		Anesthetic Agents and Equipment
		Management of the Anesthetic Patient
	Chapter 40: Surgical Considerations
		Patient Evaluation
		Instrumentation
		Postoperative Care
	Chapter 41: Soft Tissue Surgery
		Surgery of the Skin
		Surgery of the Eye
		Surgery of the Respiratory System
		Surgery of the Gastrointestinal System
		Surgery of the Reproductive Tract
		Miscellaneous Surgical Procedures
	Chapter 42: Orthopedic Surgical Techniques
		Therapeutic Strategies
		Fracture Repair Techniques
		Surgical Approaches
Section 7: Comparative Medicine and Management
	Chapter 43: Passeriformes
		Anatomy and Physiology
		Avicultural Considerations
		Special Considerations in Managing Passerine Patients
		Diseases
	Chapter 44: Columbiformes
		Zoologic Taxonomy
		Unique Characteristics of Columbiformes
		Husbandry
		Reproduction
		Clinical Examination
		Diseases
	Chapter 45: Galliformes
		Anatomy and Physiology
		Husbandry
		Nutrition
		Reproduction
		Restraint
		Disease Considerations
	Chapter 46: Anseriformes
		Biology
		Husbandry Practices
		Reproduction
		Restraint, Handling and Anesthesia
		Diseases
		Common Surgical Procedures
	Chapter 47: Ramphastidae
		Diseases
	Chapter 48: Ratites
		Characteristics
		Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
		Adult Bird Management
		Medical Disorders and Therapies
		Hatchery Management
		Chick Management
Appendix
	I Hematology and Biochemistry
	II Class Aves
	III Determination of Metabolic Scaling
Index