Autonomy and Dependence in the Family: Turkey and Sweden in Critical Perspective

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Acknowledgment......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Introduction......Page 9
Contrasting Modernities......Page 10
Critical Aspects of Modernization Theory......Page 12
Turkey and Sweden as Contrasting Cases......Page 14
Value Assessments......Page 17
Preview of Chapters......Page 19
References......Page 23
PATTERNS OF AUTONOMY AND INTERDEPENDENCE......Page 24
Cross-cultural Perspectives on Family Change......Page 25
Modernization Theory......Page 26
Value of Children Study......Page 27
A Model of Family Change......Page 30
The Autonomous-relational Self......Page 35
Implications of the Model for Turkey......Page 37
Implications of the Model for Sweden and for Turkish-Swedish Contrasts......Page 38
Conclusion......Page 40
References......Page 41
Sara and Albert......Page 46
“Marriage is by God Ordained”......Page 47
Splitting up the Female Collective......Page 49
The Twofold Aim of Educating Girls......Page 51
Needed, but Not Welcome on the Labour Market......Page 53
Liberating Love......Page 56
The Rebels......Page 58
Public Funds for Granting Women and Children Economic Independence......Page 59
The Order of Reforms......Page 61
References......Page 64
The Strongest Bond on Trial......Page 66
Two Challenges, Do They Reinforce or Counteract Each Other?......Page 67
A Rapid But Partial Breakthrough......Page 69
Marriage, an Eroding Institution......Page 71
“Liberation of Love”......Page 73
Individualization of Sexuality......Page 76
Continuity and Change......Page 80
A Male Family Crisis......Page 84
References......Page 85
What the History of Family Counselling has to Say About Family Values......Page 88
Forerunners of Family Counselling—Techniques of a Patriarchal Society......Page 89
Visions Among Supporters of Marriage Counselling......Page 91
Discourses on the Emotional Quality of Family Life......Page 95
New Ideals of Couple Relationships......Page 97
Uncertainties in Intimate Relations and Training to Communicate......Page 101
Concluding Remarks......Page 103
References......Page 104
The Household and Family in Turkey: An Historical Perspective......Page 107
Basic Definitions......Page 108
Kinship, Descent, and Marriage Traditions of the Turkic Peoples......Page 109
Descent, Residence, and Household in the Modern Context......Page 112
The Turkish Family in Mediterranean Perspective......Page 116
The Honour-Shame Complex......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 120
References......Page 121
Urban Migration and Reconstruction of Kinship Networks: The Case of Istanbul......Page 125
Informal Settlements......Page 128
Informal Solidarity Networks......Page 131
Reconstruction of Family and Kinship......Page 133
“Kinship Goes Ethnic”......Page 137
Reconstruction of Daily Life in Informal Urban Settlements......Page 138
Articulation of Formal System through Informal Networks......Page 140
References......Page 143
Appendix......Page 145
Couples, Children and Families in Pictures......Page 146
FAIRNESS AND EQUITY......Page 164
From Welfare State to Welfare Regime......Page 165
Individual Independence as De-familialization......Page 167
First Stage of Swedish Family Policy......Page 168
Second Stage......Page 171
The Modern Dual-earner Family......Page 173
The Welfare State as Provider of Childcare......Page 175
Fathers’ Participation in Childcare......Page 176
Family Structures in Transition......Page 177
The Route to De-familialization......Page 179
The Dilemma: How to Protect Families and Promote Autonomy?......Page 181
References......Page 182
Equality—a Contested Concept......Page 185
Gender Equality......Page 186
Different Forms of Reciprocity......Page 187
Equality in Domestic Work and Management of Money......Page 188
Measuring Work in Terms of Time and Amount......Page 189
The Principle of Pleasure and Distaste......Page 190
Styles of Sharing and of Balancing......Page 191
Empirical Examples of Rules for Allocation......Page 192
Economic Management, Pooling, and Splitting......Page 195
Separated Economy with Strict Divisions between Joint and Individual Spending......Page 197
Male Control of all Spending......Page 198
Joint Pooling—Two Cases......Page 199
Comparing Discourses......Page 200
Equality—an Essentially Contested Concept......Page 202
References......Page 204
Who Rules in The Core of The Family?......Page 206
The Family is Born with the Child......Page 207
Logic of Interaction and Division of Housework......Page 208
The Family-centric Model......Page 210
The Shared Family Centre: “It’s equally important to both of us”......Page 211
The Patricentric Family: “She is an independent woman, you see.”......Page 212
The Matricentric Family I: “I want to be a mother now.”......Page 213
The Matricentric Family II: “Maybe I ought to be grateful.”......Page 215
The Centre-avoiding Family: “Both of us do as little as possible”......Page 217
Is the Family-centric Model Leading us Forward?......Page 219
Where is Family Life Tending?......Page 220
The Reluctant Role of Men in Family Transformation......Page 221
Concluding Remarks......Page 223
References......Page 224
The Traditional Rural Turkish Family......Page 227
Traditional Practices in Childrearing......Page 230
The Middle Class Urban Family......Page 231
Childrearing Practices in Urban Middle Class Families......Page 233
Emotional Relationship......Page 235
Expression of Anger towards the Child......Page 236
Exercise of Authority and Control......Page 237
Encouragement of Autonomy Versus Dependency......Page 238
Continuity and Change......Page 240
Continuity in Traditional Patterns......Page 242
Changes from Traditional Patterns......Page 243
Comparison with the Traditional Turkish Family......Page 245
References......Page 246
Family Work in Working Class Households in Turkey......Page 249
The Social Context......Page 250
Field Research......Page 253
Negotiating Family Work......Page 255
1. Traditional Coping......Page 256
2. Women’s Struggle for Equity......Page 258
3. Sacrifices Towards Equity......Page 262
Towards an Integrated Perspective......Page 263
Allocation of Provider Roles and Family Work......Page 264
Cultural Mediation: Symbolic and Gendered Meanings......Page 265
Conclusions......Page 268
References......Page 270
Epilogue: Seeing Oneself through the Eyes of the Other......Page 273
References......Page 280
Appendix: Facts and Figures about Turkey and Sweden......Page 281
Demographic and social indicators for Turkey and Sweden......Page 282
Political participation......Page 285
Parental allowances......Page 286
Political and legal reforms since the 1840s......Page 288
Index......Page 293
List of Participants......Page 298