Automotive Engine Performance (Pearson Automotive Series)

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Brief Contents
Contents
Chapter 1 Service Information, Tools, and Safety
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Vehicle Identification
	Service Information
	Threaded Fasteners
	Hand Tools
	Basic Hand Tool List
	Tool Sets and Accessories
	Electrical Work Hand Tools
	Hand Tool Maintenance
	Trouble Lights
	Air and Electrically Operated Tools
	Personal Protective Equipment
	Safety Precautions
	Vehicle Protection
	Safety in Lifting (Hoisting) a Vehicle
	Floor Jacks
	Safe Use of a Floor Jacks
	Electrical Cord Safety
	Jump Starting and Battery Safety
	Fire Extinguishers
	Fire Blankets
	First Aid and Eye Wash Stations
	Hybrid Electric Vehicle Safety Issues
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 2 Environmental and Hazardous Materials
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Hazardous Waste
	Federal and State Laws
	Asbestos Hazards
	Used Brake Fluid
	Used Oil
	Solvents
	Coolant Disposal
	Lead–Acid Battery Waste
	Battery Handling and Storage
	Fuel Safety and Storage
	Airbag Disposal
	Used Tire Disposal
	Air–Conditioning Refrigerant Oil Disposal
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 3 Gasoline Engine Operation, Parts, and Specifications
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Energy and Power
	Engine Construction Overview
	Four-Stroke Cycle Operation
	The 720° Cycle
	Engine Classification and Construction
	Engine Rotation Direction
	Bore
	Stroke
	Engine Displacement
	Compression Ratio
	The Crankshaft Determines the Stroke
	Torque
	Power
	Horsepower and Altitude
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 4 Diesel Engine Operation and Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Diesel Engines
	Three Phases of Combustion
	Diesel Engine Construction
	Fuel Tank and Lift Pump
	Injection Pump
	Heui System
	Diesel Injector Nozzles
	Diesel Injector Nozzle Operation
	Glow Plugs
	Engine-Driven Vacuum Pump
	Diesel Fuel
	Diesel Fuel Specific Gravity Testing
	Diesel Fuel Heaters
	Heated Intake Air
	Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
	Soot or Particulate Matter
	Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
	Diesel Exhaust Particulate Filter (DPF)
	Selective Catalytic Reduction
	Diesel Exhaust Smoke Diagnosis
	Diesel Performance Diagnosis
	Compression Testing
	Glow Plug Resistance Balance Test
	Injector Pop Testing
	Diesel Emission Testing
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 5 Gasoline
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Gasoline
	Refining
	Volatility
	Gasoline Combustion Process
	Normal and Abnormal Combustion
	Octane Rating
	High-Altitude Octane Requirements
	Gasoline Additives
	Gasoline Blending
	Reformulated Gasoline
	Testing Gasoline for Alcohol Content
	General Gasoline Recommendations
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 6 Alternative Fuels
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Ethanol
	Cellulose Ethanol
	E85
	Alternative-Fuel Vehicles
	Methanol
	Propane
	Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
	Liquefied Natural Gas (ING)
	P-Series Fuels
	Synthetic Fuels
	Safety Procedures When Working with Alternative Fuels
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 7 Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Diesel Fuel
	Biodiesel
	E-Diesel Fuel
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 8 Cooling System Operation and Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Cooling System
	Low-Temperature Engine Problems
	High-Temperature Engine Problems
	Cooling System Design
	Thermostat Temperature Control
	Testing the Thermostat
	Thermostat Replacement
	Antifreeze/Coolant
	Antifreeze Can Freeze
	Hydrometer Testing
	Recycling Coolant
	Disposing of Used Coolant
	Radiator Design and Function
	Pressure Cap
	Surge Tank
	Metric Radiator Caps
	Coolant Recovery System
	Testing the Cooling System
	Water Pump
	Cooling Fans
	Thermostatic Fans
	Electric Cooling Fans
	Coolant Temperature Warning Light
	Common Causes of Overheating
	Cooling System Maintenance
	Flush and Refill
	Burping the System
	Hoses
	Cleaning the Radiator Exterior
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 9 Lubrication System Operation and Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Lubrication Principles
	Engine Lubrication Systems
	Oil Pumps
	Oil Pressure Regulation
	Factors Affecting Oil Pressure
	Oil Pump Checks
	Oil Passages in the Block
	Valve Train Lubrication
	Oil Pans
	Oil Coolers
	Oil Pressure Warning Lamp
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 10 Intake and Exhaust Systems
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Air Intake Filtration
	Engine Air Temperature Requirements
	Throttle-Body Injection Intake Manifolds
	Port Fuel-Injection Intake Manifolds
	Variable Intakes
	Plastic Intake Manifolds
	Exhaust Gas Recirculation Passages
	Upper and Lower Intake Manifolds
	Exhaust Manifold Design
	Exhaust Manifold Gaskets
	Mufflers
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 11 Variable Valve Timing Systems
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Principles of Variable Valve Timing
	OHV Variable Timing
	Variable Valve Timing and Lift
	Computer Control of Variable Valve Timing
	Diagnosis of Variable Valve Timing Systems
	Variable Displacement Systems
	Cylinder Deactivation System Diagnosis
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 12 Turbocharging and Supercharging
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Airflow Requirements
	Supercharging Principles
	Superchargers
	Turbochargers
	Boost Control
	Turbocharger Failures
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 13 Engine Condition Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Typical Engine-Related Complaints
	Engine Smoke Diagnosis
	The Driver Is Your Best Resource
	Visual Checks
	Engine Noise Diagnosis
	Oil Pressure Testing
	Oil Pressure Warning Lamp
	Compression Test
	Wet Compression Test
	Running (Dynamic) Compression Test
	Cylinder Leakage Test
	Cylinder Power Balance Test
	Power Balance Test Procedure
	Vacuum Tests
	Exhaust Restriction Test
	Testing Back Pressure with a Vacuum Gauge
	Testing Back Pressure with a Pressure Gauge
	Diagnosing Head Gasket Failure
	Dash Warning Lights
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 14 In-Vehicle Engine Service
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Thermostat Replacement
	Water Pump Replacement
	Intake Manifold Gasket Inspection
	Intake Manifold Gasket Replacement
	Timing Belt Replacement
	Hybrid Engine Precautions
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 15 Advanced Starting and Charging Systems Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Purpose and Function of a Battery
	Battery Ratings
	Battery Service Safety Considerations
	Battery Visual Inspection
	Battery Voltage Test
	Battery Load Testing
	Conductance Testing
	Jump Starting
	Battery Charging
	Battery Service
	Battery Electrical Drain Test
	Battery Electrical Drain Testing Using an Ammeter
	Procedure for Battery Electrical Drain Test
	Finding the Source of the Drain
	What to Do If a Battery Drain Still Exists after All the Fuses are Disconnected
	Cranking Circuit
	Diagnosing Starter Problems Using Visual Inspection
	Starter Testing on the Vehicle
	Testing a Starter Using a Scan Tool
	Voltage-Drop Testing
	Starter Drive-to-Flywheel Clearance
	Charging Circuit
	Testing an Alternator Using a Scan Tool
	AC Ripple Voltage Check
	AC Current Check
	Charging System Voltage-Drop Testing
	Alternator Output Test
	Testing an Alternator Using a Scope
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 16 Ignition System Components and Operation
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Ignition System
	Ignition System Operation
	Ignition Coils
	Ignition Switching and Triggering
	Primary Circuit Operation
	Distributor Ignition
	Waste-Spark Ignition Systems
	Ignition Control Circuits
	Compression-Sensing Ignition
	Coil-on-Plug Ignition
	Ion-Sensing Ignition
	Ignition Timing
	Knock Sensors
	Spark Plugs
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 17 Ignition System Diagnosis and Service
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Checking for Spark
	Electronic Ignition Troubleshooting Procedure
	Ignition Coil Testing Using an Ohmmeter
	Pickup Coil Testing
	Testing Magnetic Sensors
	Testing Hall-Effect Sensors
	Testing Optical Sensors
	Ignition System Diagnosis Using Visual Inspection
	Testing for Poor Performance
	Testing for a No-Start Condition
	Distributor Indexing
	Secondary Ignition Inspection
	Spark Plug Service
	Quick and Easy Secondary Ignition Tests
	Ignition Timing
	Scope-Testing the Ignition System
	Scope-Testing a Waste-Spark Ignition System
	Scope-Testing a Coil-on-Plug Ignition System
	Ignition System Symptom Guide
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 18 Computer and Network Fundamentals
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Computer Control
	The Four Basic Computer Functions
	Digital Computers
	Computer Input Sensors
	Computer Outputs
	Module Communication and Networks
	SAE Communication Classifications
	Module Communication Diagnosis
	OBD–II Data Link Connector
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 19 Onboard Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	On-Board Diagnostics Generation-II (OBD-II) Systems
	Diagnostic Executive and Task Manager
	Monitors
	OBD-II Monitor Information
	Enabling Criteria
	OBD-II DTC Numbering Designation
	OBD-II Freeze-Frame
	Enabling Conditions or Criteria
	PCM Tests
	Global OBD-II
	Accessing Global OBD II
	Diagnosing Problems Using Mode Six
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 20 Temperature Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Engine Coolant Temperature Sensors
	Testing the Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
	Intake Air Temperature Sensor
	Testing the Intake Air Temperature Sensor
	Transmission Fluid Temperature Sensor
	Cylinder Head Temperature Sensor
	Engine Fuel Temperature (EFT) Sensor
	Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Temperature Sensor
	Engine Oil Temperature Sensor
	Temperature Sensor Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 21 Throttle Position (TP) Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Throttle Position Sensor Construction
	TP Sensor Computer Input Functions
	PCM Uses for the TP Sensor
	Testing the Throttle Position Sensor
	Testing a TP Sensor Using the MIN/MAX Function
	Testing the TP Sensor Using a Scan Tool
	TP Sensor Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 22 MAP/BARO Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Air Pressure—High and Low
	Principles of Pressure Sensors
	Construction of Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensors
	PCM Uses of the MAP Sensor
	Barometric Pressure Sensor
	Testing the MAP Sensor
	MAP/BARO Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 23 Mass Air Flow Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Speed Density Systems
	Airflow Sensors
	Mass Airflow Sensor Types
	Karman Vortex Sensors
	PCM Uses for Airflow Sensors
	Testing Mass Airflow Sensors
	MAF Sensor Contamination
	MAF Sensor Scope Testing
	MAF-Related Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 24 Oxygen Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Oxygen Sensors
	Zirconia Oxygen Sensors
	Titania Oxygen Sensor
	Closed Loop and Open Loop
	PCM Uses of the Oxygen Sensor
	Oxygen Sensor Diagnosis
	Oxygen Sensor Waveform Analysis
	Hash
	Negative O2S Voltage
	Low O2S Readings
	High O2S Readings
	Post-Catalytic Converter Oxygen Sensor Testing
	Oxygen Sensor Visual Inspection
	Oxygen Sensor–Related Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 25 Wide-Band Oxygen Sensors
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Terminology
	Need for Wide-Band Sensors
	Conventional O2S Review
	Dual Cell Planar Wide-Band Sensor Operation
	Dual Cell Diagnosis
	Digital Multimeter Testing
	Single Cell Wide-Band Oxygen Sensors
	Wide-Band Oxygen Sensor Pattern Failures
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 26 Fuel Pumps, Lines, and Filters
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Fuel Delivery System
	Fuel Tanks
	Rollover Leakage Protection
	Fuel Lines
	Electric Fuel Pumps
	Fuel Filters
	Fuel-Pump Testing
	Fuel-Pump Current Draw Test
	Fuel-Pump Replacement
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 27 Fuel-Injection Components and Operation
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Electronic Fuel-Injection Operation
	Speed-Density Fuel-Injection Systems
	Mass Airflow Fuel-Injection Systems
	Throttle-Body Injection
	Port-Fuel Injection
	Fuel-Pressure Regulator
	Vacuum-Biased Fuel-Pressure Regulator
	Electronic Returnless Fuel System
	Mechanical Returnless Fuel System
	Demand Delivery System (DDS)
	Fuel Injectors
	Central Port Injection
	Fuel-Injection Modes of Operation
	Idle Control
	Stepper Motor Operation
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 28 Gasoline Direct-Injection Systems
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Direct Fuel Injection
	Direct-Injection Fuel Delivery System
	Gasoline Direct-Injection Fuel Injectors
	Modes of Operation
	Piston Top Designs
	Lexus Port- and Direct-Injection Systems
	Engine Start System
	Gasoline Direct-Injection Service
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 29 Electronic Throttle Control System
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) System
	Normal Operation of the ETC System
	Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
	Throttle Body Assembly
	Throttle Position (TP) Sensor
	Diagnosis of Electronic Throttle Control Systems
	ETC Throttle Follower Test
	Servicing Electronic Throttle Systems
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 30 Fuel-Injection System Diagnosis and Service
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Port Fuel-Injection Pressure Regulator Diagnosis
	Diagnosing Electronic Fuel-Injection Problems Using Visual Inspection
	Scan Tool Vacuum Leak Diagnosis
	Port Fuel-Injection System Diagnosis
	Testing for an Injector Pulse
	Checking Fuel-Injector Resistance
	Measuring Resistance of Individual Injectors
	Pressure-Drop Balance Test
	Injector Voltage-Drop Tests
	Scope-Testing Fuel Injectors
	Idle Air Speed Control Diagnosis
	Fuel-Injection Service
	Fuel-System Scan Tool Diagnostics
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 31 Vehicle Emissions Standards and Testing
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Emissions Standards in the United States
	Tier 3 Standards
	European Standards
	Exhaust Analysis Testing
	Exhaust Analysis and Combustion Efficiency
	HC Too High
	CO Too High
	Measuring Oxygen (O2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
	Photochemical Smog Formation
	Testing for Oxides of Nitrogen
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 32 Emission Control Devices Operation and Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	Smog
	Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems
	OBD-II EGR Monitoring Strategies
	Diagnosing a Defective EGR System
	Crankcase Ventilation
	PCV Valves
	Orifice-Controlled Systems
	PCV System Diagnosis
	PCV Monitor
	Secondary Air Injection System
	Air Distribution Manifolds and Nozzles
	Secondary Air Injection System Diagnosis
	Catalytic Converters
	Ceramic Monolith Catalytic Converter
	OBD-II Catalytic Converter Performance
	Converter-Damaging Conditions
	Diagnosing Catalytic Converters
	OBD-II Catalytic Converter Monitor
	Catalytic Converter Replacement Guidelines
	Evaporative Emission Control System
	How the Evaporative Control System Works
	Nonenhanced Evaporative Control Systems
	Enhanced Evaporative Control System
	Leak Detection Pump System
	Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery
	State Inspection EVAP Tests
	Diagnosing the EVAP System
	Locating Leaks in the System
	Evaporative System Monitor
	Typical EVAP Monitor
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Chapter 33 Scan Tools and Engine Performance Diagnosis
	Learning Objectives
	Key Terms
	The Eight-Step Diagnostic Procedure
	Scan Tools
	Retrieval of Diagnostic Information
	Troubleshooting Using Diagnostic Trouble Codes
	Retrieving Codes Prior to 1996
	DLC Locations
	OBD-II Diagnosis
	OBD-II Active Tests
	Service/Flash Programming
	Manufacturer’s Diagnostic Routines
	Completing System Repairs
	Procedures for Resetting the PCM
	Road Test (Drive Cycle)
	Summary
	Review Questions
	Chapter Quiz
Appendix 1 Sample Engine Performance (A8) ASE-Type Certification Test With Answers
Appendix 2 2013 Natef Correlation Chart (A8)
Glossary
Index