Audiology: Science to Practice

Cover
Title page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Contributors
Part I. Perspectives on the Profession of Audiology
	1. The Discipline of Audiology
		Professional Organizations in the United States
		Development of the Profession of Audiology
		References
	2. Audiology as a Career
		Education and Professional Credentials in the United States
		What Do Audiologists Do?
		Membership Demographics in the United States and Work Settings
		References
Part II. Fundamentals of Hearing and Balance Science
	3. Properties of Sound and Speech Acoustics
		Simple Vibrations and Sound Transmission
		Frequency
		Wavelength
		Other Factors That Affect Sound Propagation
		Phase
		Amplitude
		Intensity and Pressure
		Decibels
		Inverse Square Law
		Audibility by Frequency
		Complex Sounds
		Signal-to-Noise Ratio
		Resonance
		Acoustics of Speech
		Filtering
		Psychoacoustics
		References
	4. Anatomy of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems
		Overview and General Orientation
		Outer Ear
		Middle Ear
		Inner Ear
		Neural Pathways
		References
	5. Functions of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems
		Air-to-Fluid Impedance Mismatch
		Outer Ear
		Middle Ear
		Inner Ear (Cochlea)
		Cochlear Nerve
		Summary of the Auditory Transduction Process
		Tuning Curves
		Frequency Coding
		Intensity Coding
		Vestibular System
		References
Part III. Evaluation of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems
	6. Preparation for Testing and Pure-Tone Audiometry
		Preparation for Testing
		Case History
		Otoscopy
		Pure-Tone Audiometry
		Test Environment
		Audiometers
		Transducers
		Air Conduction Versus Bone Conduction Testing
		Obtaining Pure-Tone Thresholds
		Variables Influencing Thresholds
		Variations With Young Children or Difficult-to-Test Populations
		References
	7. Audiogram Interpretation
		Audiogram
		Describing Audiograms
		Other Audiogram Situations to Consider
		Pure-Tone Average
		Decibel of Sensation Level
		References
	8. Speech Audiometry
		Speech Testing Equipment and Calibration
		Speech Threshold Measures
		Word Recognition Score
		Interpreting Word Recognition Scores
		Speech-in-Noise Tests
		Variations With Young Children or Difficult-to-Test Populations
		References
	9. Masking for Pure-Tone and Speech Audiometry
		Interaural Attenuation
		Maskers
		Making Decisions on When to Mask
		How to Mask for Air Conduction Pure-Tone Thresholds (Plateau Method)
		How to Mask for Bone Conduction Pure-Tone Thresholds (Plateau Method)
		Summary of Pure-Tone Masking Steps
		Masking Examples for Pure-Tone Thresholds
		Masking for Speech Audiometry
		References
	10. Immittance
		Immittance Concepts
		Tympanometry
		Wideband Acoustic Immittance
		Acoustic Reflex Threshold
		Acoustic Reflex Decay
		References
	11. Auditory Evoked Physiologic Responses
		Otoacoustic Emissions
		Auditory Brainstem Responses
		Auditory Steady-State Responses
		References
	12. Screening for Hearing Loss
		Historical and Current Practice Guidelines
		Hearing Identification Programs
		Screening the Hearing of Newborns
		School-Age Children
		Adults
		Screening Outcomes and Efficacy
		References
	13. Vestibular Evaluation and Bedside Screening
		Nystagmus
		Basic Test Battery
		Other Vestibular Tests
		Office/Bedside Screening
		References
	14. Disorders of Hearing and Balance
		Describing Hearing Disorders
		Outer Ear
		Middle Ear
		Inner Ear (Cochlear) Acquired
		Auditory Nerve and Central Nervous System
		Nonorganic (Functional) Hearing Loss
		Tinnitus
		Vestibular System
		References
Part IV. Treatment/Management of Hearing and Balance Problems
	15. Hearing Aids
		Hearing Aid Dispensing
		Workflow for the Selection and Fitting of Hearing Aids
		Assessment of Hearing Aid Candidacy—Step 1
		Treatment Planning—Step 2
		Selection and Fitting of Hearing Aids—Step 3
		Basic Hearing Aid Styles
		Hearing Aid Programming
		Verification—Step 4
		Orientation—Step 5
		Validation—Step 6
		Hearing Assistive Technology Systems
		References
	16. Implantable Devices
		Bone-Anchored Implant
		Middle Ear Implant
		Cochlear Implant
		Auditory Brainstem Implant
		References
	17. Other Treatments and (Re)habilitation of Hearing and Balance Disorders
		Cerumen Management
		Tinnitus
		Aural Habilitation
		Aural Rehabilitation
		Vestibular Rehabilitation
		References
	18. Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist
		Collaboration
		Counseling
		Prevention and Wellness
		Screening
		Assessment
		Treatment
		Modalities, Technology, and Instrumentation
		Population and Systems
		References
Glossary
Index