Attitude-Focused Therapy: 8 Influential Ideas in Counselling and Psychotherapy

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
	Notes
Chapter 1 The Working Alliance
	Overview
	Introduction
		Goals, Tasks, Bonds
		Views
	Bonds
		The Importance of the Client Feeling Safe in the Therapeutic Relationship
			Being Trustworthy
		Teamwork
			Establishing a Problem List
			Developing a Session Agenda
			Creating and Maintaining the Reflection Process
		The ‘Core Conditions’
		Interactive Stances
			Active Listening
			Active Intervening
			Prompting
		Therapeutic Style
		The Therapist’s Influence Base
		Transference and Counter-Transference
	Views
		Practical Views
		Psychological Views
			Making Sense of the Client’s Problems
			What Constitutes Effective Therapy for the Client’s Problems
		Informed Consent
	Goals
		Addressing Obstacles to Effective Goal Negotiation
			When a Client Sets a Vague Goal
			When the Client Wants to Change an Adversity
			When the Client Wants to Change Another Person
			When the Client Sets a Goal Based On Experiencing Less of the Problematic Response
			When the Client Sets a Goal Based On Experiencing the Absence of the Problematic Response
			When Your Client Sets as a Goal a Positive Response to the Actual Situation and Bypasses the Adversity
			When a Client Wants to Feel Indifferent in the Face of an Adversity
			When a Client Nominates a Goal That Is Dangerous Or Unrealistic
	Tasks
		Tasks and the Therapist’s Expertise
			Therapist Skill
			Helping Clients to Get the Most Out of Their Tasks
	The Interdependent Nature of the Four Components of the Working Alliance
	The Importance of Healing Alliance Ruptures
		Ruptures Can Occur in Any Domain of the Alliance
			Bond-related Ruptures
			View-related Ruptures
			Goal-related Ruptures
			Task-related Ruptures
		How Clients Express Ruptures
		Dealing With Alliance Ruptures in Therapy
		Feedback-informed Treatment
	Conclusion
	Notes
Chapter 2 The Role of Attitudes in Psychological Disturbance and Health
	Overview
	Introduction
	From Beliefs to Attitudes
		From ‘Irrational’/‘rational’ Beliefs to Rigid and Extreme/flexible and Non-Extreme Attitudes
	Four Types of Disturbance-Related and Health-Related Attitudes
		Flexible Attitudes vs Rigid Attitudes
		Non-awfulising Attitudes vs Awfulising Attitudes
		Bearability Attitudes vs Unbearability Attitudes
		Unconditional Acceptance Attitudes vs Devaluation Attitudes
	Notes
Chapter 3 Integrated Emotion Theory
	Overview
	The Personal Domain, Inferences and Adversities
		Inferences
		Adversity
			Dealing With Adversities in Therapy
	Action Tendencies and Actions
		Choice and Action Tendencies
	Subsequent Cognitions
		The Nature of the Content of Subsequent Cognitions
		Subsequent Cognitive Processes
			Rumination vs Problem-Solving
	Putting It All Together
	Depression vs Sadness
	Guilt vs Remorse
	Shame vs Disappointment
	Hurt vs Sorrow
	Unhealthy Anger vs Healthy Anger
	Unhealthy Jealousy vs Healthy Jealousy (Or Relationship Concern)
	Unhealthy Envy vs Healthy Envy
	Notes
Chapter 4 Responsibility
	Overview
	Introduction
	Responsibility and Thinking
	Responsibility, Feelings and Attitudes
		Addressing the ‘It Made Me Feel’ Position
	Responsibility and Decision-Making
	Responsibility, Behaviour and Action Tendencies
	Responsibility and the Consequences of Behaviour
	Responsibility, Blame, Victimhood and Self-Blame
	Summary
	Notes
Chapter 5 Choice and the Power of the Second and Subsequent Responses in the Change Process
	Overview
	Introduction
	The Experiencing Self and the Observing Self
	Choice
		Choice and Options
			Scenario 1: ‘Moving Towards’ – Healthy – vs ‘Moving Away From’ – Unhealthy
			Scenario 2: ‘Moving Away From’ – Healthy – vs ‘Moving
			towards’ – Unhealthy
	The Importance of Standing Back and Accessing the ‘Observing’ Self
		Standing Back in the Therapy Room
		Standing Back Outside the Therapy Room
	Utilising the Power of the Second and Subsequent Responses in the Change Process
	Note
Chapter 6 Flexibility, Pluralism and Idiosyncratic Practice
	Overview
	Introduction
	What Does It Mean to Practise an Approach Rigidly Or Flexibly?
	Pluralism in Psychotherapy
		The Two Pillars of Pluralism
			Pillar 1: Pluralism Across Therapeutic Orientations
			Pillar 2: Pluralism Across Perspectives
		The Principles of Pluralism
	Idiosyncratic Practice
		My Idiosyncratic Practice of REBT
	Note
Chapter 7 Learning From What Therapists do, not from What they Say they do
	Overview
	Learning From Watching, Listening to and Reading About Others Practising Therapy
		The ‘Gloria Films’
		Being Albert Ellis’s Co-Therapist in Group Therapy
		Being David Burns’ Co-Therapist in Individual Therapy
		Listening to Albert Ellis’s Therapy Tapes
		The Friday Night Workshop
		Studying Therapy Transcripts
			Growth Through Reason
			Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: Learning From Demonstration Sessions
			Albert Ellis Live!
			Two REB Therapists and One Client
	Learning From Doing Live Demonstrations of Therapy
		Audience Feedback
		Listening to Recordings of the Sessions
		Studying Transcripts of the Sessions
	Notes
Chapter 8 Single-Session Therapy
	Overview
	Introduction
	The Nature of Single-Session Therapy
	The Foundations of Single-Session Therapy
	Help Provided at the Point of Need
		SST By Walk-In
		SST By Appointment
		Ideas Underpinning Help Provided at the Point of Need
	The Goals of Single-Session Therapy
	Who Is Suitable for SST?
		Developing Lists of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
		Walk-in
		Client Choice, Refer to Other Services If Necessary
		The ‘Embedded’ Approach
	The Single-Session Therapy Mindset and Implications for Good Practice
		Utilise ‘Now’
		Create a Realistic Expectation for SST
		Client-centred
		Engage the Client Quickly Through the Work
		Ask the Client How They Best Want to Be Helped
		Develop and Work Towards an End-Of-Session Goal
		Agree a Focus for the Session
		Keep On Track
		Use Good Pacing
		Be Clear
		Make an Emotional Impact, If Possible
		Identify and Utilise Client Strengths and Values
		Encourage the Client to Use External Resources
		Identify and Utilise the Client’s Previous Attempts to Deal With the Problem
		Negotiate a Solution
		Encourage the Client to Rehearse the Solution
		Help the Client to Develop an Action Plan
		Encourage the Client to Summarise
		Encourage the Client to Take Away ‘One Thing’
		Encourage the Use of the Reflect–digest–act–wait– Decide Process
		Tie Up Loose Ends and Clarify Next Steps
		Arrange Follow-Up, If Possible
	Afterword
	Notes
Appendix An Example of Dr Albert Ellis Using the ‘Money Model’ to Explain...
References
Index