Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 14
EDITIONS AND AUTHORITIES......Page 22
Contents......Page 28
CORRIGENDA......Page 40
ANNALS......Page 42
The Augustan Atticism......Page 68
Caecilius and Dionysios......Page 69
The decade......Page 70
Dionysios on the Attic Orators......Page 71
Plan of this book......Page 73
The English word `orator' compared with the Latin, and with the Greek word [GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO]......Page 74
Significance of the term `rhetor'......Page 75
Ancient oratory is a fine art......Page 76
I. Internal Evidence: 1. Finish of form: 2. Repetitions: 3. Speakers criticise each other's style......Page 77
II. External evidence: 1. Training of speakers: 2. Appreciation shown by hearers: 3. Pamphlets in the oratorical form: 4. Collections of common-places: 5. Ancient critics compare oratory with sculpture or painting......Page 78
This conception is originally Greek......Page 82
Its secondary motives, (1) the oral tradition of poetry, (2) the civil importance of speech, (3) competition......Page 83
His estimate is that of the modern world: modern Oratory puts the logical proof first......Page 84
Influence of perfect reporting for the Press......Page 86
Sources of this feeling: 1. the failures of premeditation: 2. the Hebraic basis of Christian education......Page 87
Modern approximations to the theory of ancient Oratory: influence of debate......Page 88
Finished rhetorical prose---Canning......Page 89
Union of rhythmical finish with passion: Grattan---Erskine---Burke......Page 90
Modern eloquence of the pulpit......Page 94
Modern Oratory---its greatest triumphs won by sudden bursts......Page 95
Use of quotation......Page 96
All Greek art has the plastic character......Page 97
A result of this misconception......Page 98
Character of Greek thought in the best days of Greek art, compared with the oriental and with the medieval......Page 99
Why Greek art became plastic rather than picturesque......Page 101
Series of the arts---Sculpture comes between Architecture and the romantic group (Painting, Music, Poetry)---The limit of expression in Sculpture---not irksome but congenial to the Greek......Page 102
Greek Tragedy has an alloy of trouble, but is still typical......Page 103
Fallacy involved in calling Euripides the most `human' of the Greek dramatists......Page 104
Sophokles is the most perfect type of the Greek in tellect......Page 105
The plastic character as manifested in Greek Oratory......Page 106
A series of types is developed by a series of artists......Page 107
In the individual oration, the main lines of the theme are unperplexed, and the unity is sealed by a final calm......Page 108
The personalities of ancient oratory......Page 109
Cicero's orations utterly unfit for the modern Senate or Bar; whereas almost all the Greek orations could be adapted......Page 111
Reasons of this superiority: 1. Greek Oratory is always to the point: 2. The political inspirations of Greek Oratory are nobler, and the forensic motive is more genuine......Page 112
Early History of Greek Oratory---two conditions for the possibility of any such history......Page 113
Modern character of the great Homeric speeches......Page 114
The Homeric eloquence is still aristocratic, not civil......Page 115
The intellectual turning point---first conception of a literary prose......Page 116
External influences which prepared Attic oratory---I. The Practical Culture of Ionia......Page 117
Protagoras......Page 118
Prodikos......Page 119
Hippias......Page 120
Summary: Influence of the Ionian practical culture......Page 121
The Age of the Tyrants---the Democratic Revolution......Page 122
Claims thence arising......Page 123
General features of such claims......Page 124
Empedokles......Page 125
The treatise of Korax on Rhetoric---Arrangement, and the topic of [GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]......Page 126
The topic of [GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA] further developed......Page 127
Gorgias......Page 128
His province neither Dialectic nor Rhetoric, but Oratory......Page 129
His first visit to Athens......Page 130
Specimen from his Funeral Oration......Page 131
His great popularity at Athens---how it is to be understood......Page 132
Perikles: was his oratory artistic in form?......Page 133
Notices of his oratory......Page 134
Its distinctive conditions......Page 135
Forensic Advocacy......Page 136
Relation of Athenian to Greek Oratory......Page 137
Political aspect of Athenian Oratory......Page 139
Civic sentiment in the Greek and in the Italian Republics---Athens and Florence......Page 140
Civil Oratory defined---Attic Oratory fulfils this definition......Page 141
CHAPTER I - ANTIPHON.---LIFE......Page 144
Birth of Antiphon......Page 145
Antiphon the first [GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]......Page 146
Antiphon and Thucydides......Page 147
Antiphon's life to 411 b.c......Page 148
The Revolution......Page 150
The two parties in the Council......Page 152
Fall of the Four Hundred......Page 154
Trial and Condemnation of Antiphon......Page 155
Character of Antiphon's political life......Page 157
Character of his ability......Page 158
His [GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA]......Page 159
The new power of Rhetoric......Page 160
The beginnings of Greek Prose......Page 161
Character of the early Prose......Page 163
Dionysios on the `austere' style......Page 164
Antiphon's style---its dignity......Page 167
Reliance on single words......Page 168
Antiphon is imaginative, but not florid......Page 170
Pathos and êthos in Antiphon......Page 173
The style of Antiphon---how far periodic......Page 174
Antiphon's treatment of subject-matter......Page 179
Religious feeling of Antiphon......Page 183
His Aeschylean tone......Page 185
Relation of Antiphon to the elder democracy......Page 186
The Tetralogies......Page 188
First Tetralogy......Page 190
Second Tetralogy......Page 195
Third Tetralogy......Page 197
Speech on the Murder of Herodes......Page 198
Speech on the Choreutes......Page 205
Speech Against a Stepmother......Page 208
Lost Works: Authorship of the treatises On Truth, On Concord, On Statesmanship......Page 211
The Rhetoric---the Proems and Epilogues......Page 213
Birth of Andokides......Page 214
Affair of the Hermae......Page 216
Decree of Isotimides......Page 218
The Speech On the Mysteries......Page 219
Life of Andokides from 415 to 402 b.c.......Page 222
Life after 402......Page 224
Character of Andokides......Page 228
Comparative neglect of him by the ancient critics......Page 231
General tendency of ancient criticism upon oratory---unjust to Andokides......Page 237
The diction of Andokides is `plain' ([GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA])......Page 239
And `sparing of figures' ([GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA])......Page 241
His method is `simple' ([GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]) and `inartificial' ([GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA])......Page 243
His strength is in narrative......Page 245
His references to the early history of Attica......Page 248
Love of Andokides for gossip......Page 249
Summary......Page 250
Speech On his Return......Page 252
Speech On the Mysteries......Page 257
Historical matter in the Speech......Page 263
Its arrangement and style......Page 269
Speech On the Peace with the Lacedaemonians......Page 271
Question of authenticity......Page 272
Historical difficulties......Page 273
Passage common to Andokides and Aeschines......Page 275
Speech Against Alkibiades......Page 276
Not by Andokides......Page 277
Was Phaeax the author?......Page 279
Ostracism misconceived......Page 280
Particular errors in the speech......Page 281
Lost works of Andokides......Page 282
Doubtful Fragments......Page 284
Birth of Lysias---doubt about the date......Page 285
Lysias at Thurii......Page 289
His life at Athens from 412 to 405 b.c.......Page 290
The Anarchy......Page 291
Lysias aids the Exiles......Page 294
His professional life......Page 295
Lysias and Sokrates......Page 296
Lysias at Olympia......Page 297
Chronological limit of his known work......Page 298
Character of Lysias......Page 299
It is easier for us to appreciate Lysias as a writer than as an orator; reason of this......Page 301
Lysias the representative of the Plain Style......Page 303
Its general characteristics......Page 304
Originality of Lysias......Page 305
Had his style been florid before it became plain?......Page 307
His Composition......Page 309
His diction---its purity......Page 311
His êthopoiïa......Page 316
The `propriety' of Lysias. His `charm'......Page 319
His treatment of subject-matter......Page 321
Invention. Arrangement......Page 322
Proem......Page 324
Narrative. Proof......Page 325
Epilogue......Page 326
The tact of Lysias. His humour......Page 327
His sarcasm.---Defects of Lysias as an orator......Page 328
The limits of pathos in Lysias......Page 329
His eloquence rarely passionate......Page 330
Exceptions......Page 331
Place of Lysias in the history of Rhetoric......Page 335
The ancient critics upon Lysias......Page 336
Lysias and his successors......Page 340
His services to the prose idiom......Page 341
CHAPTER IX - LYSIAS.---WORKS......Page 342
Condition of the extant speeches......Page 343
Arrangement in the mss.......Page 344
Oratory at the Panhellenic festivals......Page 346
The Olympiakos......Page 347
The Epitaphios......Page 349
Its character and authorship......Page 351
Oration xxxiv., a Plea for the Constitution......Page 354
Principle of distinction between `public' and `private' lawspeeches......Page 356
I. Causes relating to offences directly agamst the State: ([GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU] [GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU])......Page 360
II. Indictment for proposing an Unconstitutional Measure ([GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU])---Oration xviii., On the Property of the Brother of Nikias......Page 372
III. Claims for Moneys withheld from the State ([GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA]): 1. Oration ix., For the Soldier......Page 375
IV. Causes relating to a Scrutiny ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA]) before the Senate; especially of Officials Designate......Page 385
V. Causes relating to Military Offences ([GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER XI][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON]---[GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]): 1. Oration xiv., Against Alkibiades, on a Charge of Desertion: 2. Oration xv., Against Alkibiades, on a Charge of Failure to Serve......Page 399
VI. Causes relating to Murder or Intent to Murder ([GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA] [GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON]---[GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER MU][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER NU][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]): 1. Oration xii., Against Eratosthenes......Page 404
VII. Causes relating to Impiety ([GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA], [GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON][GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA], [GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA].[GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU].[GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA].): 1. Oration vi., Against Andokides......Page 424
I. Action for Defamation ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA]í[GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA]a[GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA]o[GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO]í[GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]): Oration x., Against Theomnestos......Page 436
II. Action by a Ward against a Guardian ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA]í[GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI][GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO]o[GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI][GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA]): Oration xxxii., Against Diogeiton......Page 440
III. Trial of a Claim to Property ([GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA][GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA]í[GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA]): Oration xvii., On the Property of Eraton......Page 443
IV. Answer to a Special Plea ([GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO]ò[GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA] [GREEK SMALL LETTER PI][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA][GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO][GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA][GREEK PHI SYMBOL][GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA]v): Oration xxiii., Against Pankleon......Page 445
Miscellaneous Writings: 1. Oration viii., To his Companions.---Not by Lysias......Page 447
Fragments......Page 453
Letters......Page 458