Atlas of pelvic anatomy and gynecologic surgery

Front Cover......Page 1
Inside Front Cover......Page 2
Atlas of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Editors......Page 8
Contributors......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Fixed Cadaver Dissection......Page 15
1 Principles of Pelvic Anatomy and Gynecologic Surgery......Page 18
1 Pelvic Anatomy......Page 20
1 Basic Pelvic Anatomy......Page 22
Autonomic Nervous System......Page 77
Bladder and Pelvic Supports......Page 82
3 Max Brödel’s Pelvic Anatomy......Page 93
2 Basic Foundations for Gynecologic Surgery......Page 111
Retractors......Page 113
Suction Curettes......Page 120
Suture Selection......Page 127
Finishing a Continuous Stitch......Page 132
Electrosurgery......Page 147
Laser Surgery......Page 150
Ultrasonic Surgery......Page 154
Positioning the Patient......Page 157
Peripheral Nerve Injury......Page 159
Compartment Syndrome......Page 165
2 Abdominal Surgery......Page 169
3 Anterior Abdominal Wall......Page 171
8 Anatomy of the Lower Abdominal Wall......Page 173
Vessels......Page 179
Maylard Incision......Page 183
Kustner Incision......Page 187
Midline Incision......Page 193
4 Uterus......Page 195
Uterine Support......Page 197
Pelvic Anatomy......Page 200
11 Dilatation and Curettage......Page 223
Suction Curettage......Page 228
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy With Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy......Page 231
Subtotal Hysterectomy......Page 251
Simple Abdominal Hysterectomy......Page 253
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy......Page 255
Radical Hysterectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy......Page 265
14 Endometrial Carcinoma With Lymph Node Sampling......Page 281
15 Myomectomy......Page 283
16 Surgical Treatment of Unusual Myoma Conditions......Page 293
17 Unification of Bicornuate Uterus......Page 297
5 Abdominal Surgery During Pregnancy......Page 305
18 Abdominal Cerclage of the Cervix Uteri......Page 307
19 Cesarean Section......Page 311
20 Cesarean Section Hysterectomy......Page 319
21 Hypogastric Artery Ligation......Page 323
22 Trophoblastic Disease......Page 325
6 Adnexa......Page 335
23 Ovarian Cystectomy and Cystotomy......Page 337
24 Surgery for Pyosalpinx, Tubo-ovarian Abscess, and Pelvic Abscess......Page 343
25 Adhesiolysis......Page 349
26 Surgical Management of Pelvic Endometriosis......Page 357
Salpingectomy for Isthmic Ectopic Pregnancy......Page 365
28 Surgical Management of Ovarian Residual and Remnant......Page 377
29 Ovarian Tumor Debulking......Page 379
Fimbrioplasty (Hydrosalpinx)......Page 383
Midtubal Anastomosis......Page 386
Cornual Anastomosis......Page 387
Fimbriectomy......Page 389
Silastic Band Operation......Page 394
7 Retropubic Space......Page 399
32 Anatomy of the Retropubic Space......Page 401
33 Operative Setup and Entry Into the Retropubic Space......Page 419
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz Procedure......Page 423
35 Retropubic Paravaginal Repair......Page 427
36 Retropubic Vesicourethrolysis......Page 431
8 Retroperitoneum and Presacral Space......Page 435
37 Anatomy of the Retroperitoneum and the Presacral Space......Page 437
Exposing the Ureter......Page 453
Anatomic Relationships of Right and Left Ureters......Page 460
39 Presacral Neurectomy......Page 467
40 Uterosacral Nerve Transection......Page 473
41 Lymph Node Sampling......Page 477
9 Abdominal Operations for Enterocele and Vault Prolapse......Page 483
Supportive Procedures of the Vaginal Apex......Page 485
Uterosacral Ligament Suspension......Page 486
Technique for Open Abdominal Sacral Colpopexy with Graft Placement......Page 493
Modifications for Cervicosacropexy......Page 500
Technique for Abdominal Sacral Colpohysteropexy......Page 504
3 Cervical, Vaginal, Vulvar Surgery......Page 507
10 Cervical Surgery......Page 509
44 Anatomy of the Cervix......Page 511
Cervical Biopsy During Pregnancy......Page 517
Cold-Knife Conization......Page 523
Laser Conization......Page 527
Combination Conization......Page 529
47 Cervical Polypectomy......Page 537
48 Relief of Cervical Stenosis......Page 541
49 Cervical Cerclage......Page 545
50 Cervical Stump Excision (Trachelectomy)......Page 551
11 Vaginal Surgery......Page 557
Upper Third......Page 559
52 Anatomy of the Support of the Anterior and Posterior Vaginal Walls......Page 577
Surgical Technique......Page 585
Evaluating the Posterior Cul-de-sac......Page 593
Complete Uterine Procidentia......Page 602
Removal of the Large Uterus......Page 609
Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse......Page 617
Midline Cystocele Repair......Page 625
Vaginal Paravaginal Repair......Page 635
Vaginal Enterocele Repair......Page 640
Rectocele Repair......Page 652
Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension......Page 665
Iliococcygeus Fascia Suspension......Page 676
High Uterosacral Ligament Suspension......Page 677
Colpectomy and Colpocleisis......Page 697
57 Use of Biologic and Synthetic Mesh to Augment Vaginal Prolapse Repair......Page 705
Synthetic Mesh Augmentation......Page 713
Retropubic Synthetic Midurethral Slings......Page 717
Surgical Technique: Bottom to Top......Page 722
Surgical Technique: Top to Bottom......Page 728
Transobturator Synthetic Midurethral Slings......Page 731
Surgical Technique: Outside-In......Page 738
Surgical Technique: Inside-Out......Page 742
Single-Incision Midurethral Slings......Page 746
Surgical Technique......Page 748
Steps for Takedown of a Synthetic Midurethral Sling......Page 753
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Warnings......Page 757
Mesh-Related Complications After Sacrocolpopexy......Page 758
Urethral Erosion......Page 760
Dyspareunia and Pelvic/Vaginal Pain......Page 762
Visceral Injury......Page 763
60 Biologic Bladder Neck Pubovaginal Slings for the Correction of Stress Incontinence......Page 767
Managing Postoperative Voiding Dysfunction......Page 780
Solid Masses......Page 783
Imperforate Hymen......Page 797
Vaginal Agenesis......Page 801
Transverse Vaginal Septum......Page 811
Bladder Exstrophy......Page 814
Z-Plasty......Page 817
Perineal Flaps......Page 823
Abdominal Flaps......Page 824
Excision......Page 833
Carbon Dioxide Laser......Page 836
12 Vulvar and Perineal Surgery......Page 839
65 Vulvar and Perineal Anatomy......Page 841
Parasitic Infections......Page 859
Other Venereal Infections......Page 861
Noninfective Inflammatory Lesions......Page 870
Lichenification Disorders......Page 871
Bullous-Ulcerative Lesions, Including Tubercular Lesions......Page 875
Microscopic Findings......Page 880
Invasive Cancer of the Vulva......Page 885
Blood Vascular Lesions......Page 889
Sampling Techniques......Page 890
67 Bartholin Duct Cyst and Abscess......Page 893
Vestibulectomy With Radical Bartholin Gland Excision......Page 897
69 Wide Excision With or Without Skin Graft......Page 905
Laser Vaporization......Page 913
71 Anatomy of the Groin and Femoral Triangle......Page 921
Simple Vulvectomy......Page 927
Radical Vulvectomy......Page 934
73 Radical Vulvectomy With Tunnel Groin Dissection......Page 947
74 Vulvar Hematoma......Page 955
75 Correction of Clitoral Phimosis......Page 957
76 Hymenotomy (Hymenectomy)......Page 961
77 Plastic Repair of the Perineum (Perineorrhaphy)......Page 963
Lesions of the Canal of Nuck......Page 969
Labial Fusion......Page 977
Vulvar Hemangiomas and Varicosities......Page 980
Condyloma Acuminata......Page 985
Dexamethasone Injection......Page 991
Mediolateral Episiotomy......Page 995
Repair of Fourth-Degree Laceration......Page 1000
4 Other Related Gynecologic Surgery......Page 1007
13 Surgical Procedures Performed on the Lower Urinary Tract......Page 1009
82 Anatomy of the Urethra......Page 1011
83 Surgical Repair of Urethral Prolapse......Page 1019
84 Repair of Urethrovaginal Fistula......Page 1021
85 Repair of Suburethral Diverticulum......Page 1027
Urethral Reconstruction......Page 1037
87 Surgical Anatomy of the Bladder and Pelvic Ureter......Page 1045
88 Suprapubic Catheter Placement......Page 1051
Repair of Bladder Lacerations......Page 1057
Abdominal Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula......Page 1065
Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula......Page 1073
91 Vaginal Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula......Page 1077
92 Managing Ureteral Injury During Pelvic Surgery......Page 1085
Ureterotomy and Catheterization......Page 1087
Ureteroureterostomy......Page 1089
Ureteroneocystostomy......Page 1091
Boari-Ocherblad Flap......Page 1094
General Introduction to Three Modalities......Page 1099
Sacral Neuromodulation......Page 1102
Augmentation Cystoplasty......Page 1109
14 Bowel Surgery......Page 1117
Anatomy of the Small and Large Intestine......Page 1119
95 Small Bowel Repair/Resection......Page 1127
96 Closure of a Simple Transmural Injury to the Small Intestine......Page 1131
97 Meckel’s Diverticulum......Page 1135
98 Appendectomy......Page 1137
99 Colon Repair/Colostomy Creation......Page 1141
Large Bowel Preparation......Page 1144
Transanal Endorectal Advancement Flap Procedure......Page 1145
Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Sphincters......Page 1151
Repair of the Anal Sphincter......Page 1152
Perineal Proctectomy (Altemeier Repair)......Page 1161
15 Cosmetic and Gender Reassignment Surgery......Page 1167
103 Surgery for Labial Hypertrophy......Page 1169
104 Vaginoplasty and Perineal Reconstruction......Page 1177
16 The Breast......Page 1185
Anatomy of the Female Breast......Page 1187
Clinical Breast Examination......Page 1192
Fine-Needle Aspiration......Page 1195
5 Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery......Page 1199
17 Hysteroscopy......Page 1201
106 Hysteroscopic Instrumentation......Page 1203
107 Indications and Techniques......Page 1211
108 Removal of Uterine Septum......Page 1215
109 Ablation Techniques......Page 1219
Complications......Page 1229
111 Resection of Submucous Myoma......Page 1235
112 Complications of Hysteroscopy......Page 1241
18 Laparoscopy......Page 1245
113 Pelvic Anatomy From the Laparoscopic View......Page 1247
Choosing the Suitable Anatomic Site for Access......Page 1253
Open (Hasson) Technique......Page 1255
Accessory Trocar Insertion......Page 1258
Conclusion......Page 1259
Microlaparoscopy......Page 1261
116 Laparoscopic Hysterectomy......Page 1265
Single-Port Laparoscopic Hysterectomy......Page 1268
Ovarian Cystectomy......Page 1273
Ectopic Pregnancy......Page 1275
Tuboplasty......Page 1279
118 Laparoscopic Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence (Burch Colposuspension)......Page 1281
Laparoscopic Uterosacral Ligament Plication and Shortening......Page 1285
Robotic Simple Hysterectomy......Page 1289
Trocar Position......Page 1290
Robotic Instrumentation......Page 1292
Assistant and Scrub Nurse Roles......Page 1293
Infundibulopelvic Ligament Sealing and Division......Page 1294
Cuff Closure......Page 1295
References......Page 1300
Laparoscopic Approach......Page 1301
Ureteral Injury......Page 1322
19 Cystourethroscopy......Page 1335
Instrumentation......Page 1337
Urethroscopy (Normal and Abnormal Findings)......Page 1339
Cystoscopy (Normal and Abnormal Findings)......Page 1347
Injection of Bulk-Enhancing Agents......Page 1358
Suprapubic Telescopy......Page 1364
6 Surgery for Transgender Conditions......Page 1367
20 Surgery for Transgender Conditions......Page 1369
123 Surgery for Transgender Conditions......Page 1371