Atlas of Hysteroscopy

Contents
Part I
	1: Vaginoscopy
		References
	2: Cyclic Endometrial Changes
		References
	3: The Atrophic Endometrium
		3.1	 Introduction
		References
Part II
	4: The Role of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Lesions
		References
	5: Uterine Polyps
		5.1	 Uterine Polyps
		5.2	 Epidemiology
		References
	6: Hysteroscopy and Fibroids
		6.1	 Introduction
		6.2	 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Fibroids
		6.3	 Fertility and Fibroids
		6.4	 Hysteroscopy
		6.5	 Hysteroscopic Myomectomy
		References
	7: The Role of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Uterine Anomalies
		7.1	 Diagnosis and Management of Uterine Anomalies
		7.2	 Metroplasty
		7.3	 Postoperative Measures
			7.3.1	 Prevention of Adhesions
				7.3.1.1	 Intrauterine Device
				7.3.1.2	 Foley’s Catheter
				7.3.1.3	 Intrauterine Balloon Stent
				7.3.1.4	 Word Catheter
			7.3.2	 Anti-adhesion Barrier Gels
			7.3.3	 Hormonal Treatment
			7.3.4	 Postoperative Assessment
		References
	8: Adhesions and Asherman
		8.1	 Introduction
			8.1.1	 Classification
		8.2	 Diagnosis
		8.3	 Treatment
		8.4	 Prevention of Adhesion Reformation
		References
	9: The Role of Hysteroscopy in the Diagnosis and Management Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: The Current Perspective
		9.1	 Introduction
		9.2	 Epidemiology and Risk Factors
			9.2.1	 Adenomyosis
			9.2.2	 Endometriosis
		9.3	 Symptoms
		9.4	 Diagnosis
		9.5	 Management
		References
	10: Isthmocele
		References
	11: Infections and Inflammations
		11.1	 Introduction
			11.1.1	 Technique
			11.1.2	 Main Hysteroscopic Features for CE at Fluid Hysteroscopy
		References
	12: TBC and Hysteroscopy
		12.1	 Introduction
		12.2	 Hysteroscopy and TBC
		12.3	 Difficulties at External Cervical Orifice
		12.4	 Difficulties at Cervical Canal
		12.5	 Difficulties at Internal Cervical Orifice
		12.6	 In the Cavity
		12.7	 Role of Therapeutic and Second-Look Hysteroscopy
		12.8	 Word of Caution
		12.9	 Advantage of Hysteroscopy
		References
	13: Retained Products of Conception
		13.1	 Introduction
		13.2	 Diagnosis
		13.3	 Treatment
		References
	14: Endometrial Hyperplasia
		14.1	 Definition and Epidemiology
		14.2	 Classification
		14.3	 Risk Factors
		14.4	 Diagnosis
		14.5	 Hysteroscopy
			14.5.1	 Low-Risk Hyperplasia
			14.5.2	 High-Risk Hyperplasia
		References
	15: Endometrial Cancer
		15.1	 Epidemiology
		15.2	 Classification and Histopathology
		15.3	 Clinical Presentation
		15.4	 Diagnosis
			15.4.1	 Ultrasonography
			15.4.2	 Diagnostic Hysteroscopy
				15.4.2.1	 Normal Endometrium
				15.4.2.2	 Low-Risk Endometrial Hyperplasia
				15.4.2.3	 High-Risk Endometrial Hyperplasia
				15.4.2.4	 Endometrial Cancer (EC)
				15.4.2.5	 Atypical Endometrial Pattern of Undetermined Significance
			15.4.3	 Office Hysteroscopy
			15.4.4	 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron-Emission Tomography (PET)
		15.5	 Staging
			15.5.1	 Endometrial Cancer Classification
		15.6	 Treatment
		15.7	 Conservative Treatment
			15.7.1	 Hysteroscopic Conservative Management of Early Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma in Younger Patients
		References
Part III
	16: Hysteroscopy and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
		16.1	 Introduction
		16.2	 Endometrial and Cervical Polyps (AUB-P)
		16.3	 Adenomyosis (AUB-A)
		16.4	 Leiomyoma (AUB-L)
		16.5	 Malignancy and Hyperplasia (AUB-M)
		16.6	 Coagulopathy (AUB-C)
		16.7	 Ovulatory Dysfunction (AUB-O)
		16.8	 Endometrial (AUB-E)
		16.9	 Iatrogenic (AUB-I)
		16.10	 Not Yet Classified (AUB-N)
		16.11	 Summary
		References
	17: Hysteroscopy and Infertility
		17.1	 Introduction
		17.2	 Chronic Endometritis
		17.3	 Adenomyosis
		17.4	 Dysmorphic Uterus
		17.5	 Isthmocele
		17.6	 Cases
		References
	18: The Role of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)
		18.1	 Congenital Uterine Anomalies
		18.2	 Acquired Uterine Anomalies
			18.2.1	 Myomas
			18.2.2	 Adenomyosis
			18.2.3	 Retained Products of Conception
			18.2.4	 Intrauterine Adhesions and Polyps
			18.2.5	 Chronic Endometritis
		References
	19: Hysteroscopy During Menopause
		References
	20: Hysteroscopy During Pregnancy
		20.1	 Introduction
			20.1.1	 Polyp at the Implantation Site
			20.1.2	 Retained Products of Conception and Placental Accretism
			20.1.3	 Placental Accretism
		20.2	 During Pregnancy
			20.2.1	 Embryoscopy and Fetoscopy
			20.2.2	 Fetoscopy
			20.2.3	 Embryonic Reduction
		20.3	 Chorionic Villus Sampling
			20.3.1	 Chorionic Villus Sampling
			20.3.2	 Removal of Foreign Bodies
			20.3.3	 Metroplasty During Pregnancy
			20.3.4	 Cervical Pathology (Polyps)
		20.4	 Ectopic Pregnancy
			20.4.1	 Cervical Pregnancy
			20.4.2	 Cornual Pregnancy
			20.4.3	 Cervical Pregnancy in Isthmocele
			20.4.4	 Heterotopic Pregnancy (Cervical and In Situ)
		References
	21: Hysteroscopy and Contraception
		21.1	 Introduction
		21.2	 Hysteroscopic Sterilisation
		21.3	 Hysteroscopic Problem-Solving in Contraception
		21.4	 Hysteroscopic Placement of Long-Acting Contraceptive Devices
		21.5	 Notes
		References
	22: Hysteroscopy and Tubal Pathologies
		22.1	 Background
			22.1.1	 The Fallopian Tube
		22.2	 Physiology
		22.3	 Tubal Occlusion Due to Infectious Diseases
			22.3.1	 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
		22.4	 Tubo-Ovarian Abscess
		22.5	 Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa
		22.6	 Endosalpingiosis
		22.7	 Ectopic Pregnancy
		22.8	 Fallopian Tube Carcinoma
		22.9	 Miscellaneous Reasons for Proximal Tubal Occlusion
			22.9.1	 Miscellaneous Tubal Images
		Electronic Supplementary MaterialsReferences
		Electronic Supplementary MaterialsReferences
	23: Complications in Hysteroscopy
		23.1	 Introduction
		23.2	 Complications of Distension Media
			23.2.1	 Gas Distension Medium
			23.2.2	 Fluid Distension Media
				23.2.2.1	 Electrolytic Fluids
				23.2.2.2	 Non-electrolytic Fluids
		23.3	 Other Complications
			23.3.1	 Trauma to Uterus and Cervix
			23.3.2	 Air or Gas Embolism
			23.3.3	 Bleeding
			23.3.4	 Infection
			23.3.5	 Late Complications
			23.3.6	 Haematometra
			23.3.7	 Unplanned Pregnancy
		23.4	 Dissemination of Endometrial Cancer Cells
		References