Atlas of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Venereology: Inflammatory Dermatoses

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Skin Disorders with Pruritus
	1 Introduction
	2 Pruritic Inflammatory Skin Condition
		2.1 Eczema
		2.2 Urticaria, Angioedema, and Mastocytosis
			2.2.1 Urticaria
			2.2.2 Angioedema
			2.2.3 Mastocytosis
		2.3 Papulosquamous Disorder
			2.3.1 Lichen Planus
			2.3.2 Psoriasis
		2.4 Immunobullous Disorder
			2.4.1 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
			2.4.2 Bullous Pemphigoid
			2.4.3 Pemphigoid Gestationis
			2.4.4 Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood
	3 Infectious Skin Disease
		3.1 Fungal Infection (Mycosis)
		3.2 Parasitic Skin Disease
			3.2.1 Pediculosis
			3.2.2 Scabies
	4 Neoplastic Condition
		4.1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
	5 Miscellaneous Pruritic Skin Condition
		5.1 Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis
	References
Eczema, Lichenification, Prurigo, and Erythroderma
	1 Introduction
	2 Nummular Dermatitis (Discoid Eczema)
	3 Sulzberger-Garbe Disease
	4 Seborrheic Dermatitis
	5 Papular Dermatitis
	6 Pompholyx (Dyshidrotic Eczema)
	7 Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis of the Palm (Eczema Keratoticum)
	8 Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis
	9 Vein Graft Donor-Site Dermatitis
	10 Stasis Dermatitis
	11 Autoeczematization
	12 Lichen Striatus
	13 Lichenification
		13.1 Lichen Simplex Chronicus
		13.2 Secondary Lichenification of Eczema and Other Dermatoses
	14 Prurigo
		14.1 Prurigo Simplex
		14.2 Prurigo Nodularis
		14.3 Actinic Prurigo
		14.4 Prurigo Pigmentosa
	15 Erythroderma
		15.1 Drug-Induced and Infection-Related Erythroderma
		15.2 Erythroderma Associated with Leukemia/Lymphoma
		15.3 Erythroderma Evolving from Pre-existing Skin Diseases
	16 Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
	17 Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis
	References
Atopic Dermatitis
	1 Introduction
	2 Different Types of Atopic Dermatitis
		2.1 Atopic Dermatitis in Infant
			2.1.1 Definition
			2.1.2 Clinical Feature
			2.1.3 Pathological Manifestation
			2.1.4 Prognosis and Treatment
			2.1.5 Differential Diagnosis
		2.2 Atopic Dermatitis in Child
			2.2.1 Definition
			2.2.2 Clinical Feature
			2.2.3 Pathological Manifestation
			2.2.4 Prognosis and Treatment
			2.2.5 Differential Diagnosis
		2.3 Atopic Dermatitis in Adult
			2.3.1 Definition
			2.3.2 Clinical Feature
			2.3.3 Pathological Manifestation
			2.3.4 Prognosis and Treatment
			2.3.5 Differential Diagnosis
		2.4 Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis
			2.4.1 Definition
			2.4.2 Clinical Feature
			2.4.3 Pathological Manifestation
			2.4.4 Prognosis and Treatment
			2.4.5 Differential Diagnosis
	References
Contact Dermatitis: Irritant
	1 Introduction
	2 Etiology
	3 Pathophysiology
	4 Clinical Feature
	5 Pathological Manifestation
	6 Prognosis and Treatment
	7 Differential Diagnosis
	References
Contact Dermatitis: Allergic
	1 Introduction
	2 Etiology
	3 Immunology
	4 Classification
	5 Particular Localization
	6 Types of Contact Dermatitis
		6.1 Occupational Contact Dermatitis
		6.2 Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis
		6.3 Immediate Type Contact Dermatitis
		6.4 Allergic Contact Urticaria
	7 Clinical Feature
	8 Artificial Allergic Contact Dermatitis as a Therapeutic Principle
	9 Diagnostic Measures
		9.1 Skin Test
			9.1.1 Patch Test (Epicutaneous Test)
			9.1.2 Photopatch Test
			9.1.3 Repeat Open Application Test
		9.2 Laboratory Test
		9.3 Histopathological Manifestation
	10 Prognosis and Treatment
	11 Differential Diagnosis
	References
Urticaria and Mastocytosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Ordinary Urticaria
		2.1 Acute Urticaria
		2.2 Chronic Urticaria
	3 Physical and Cholinergic Urticaria
		3.1 Dermographism
		3.2 Cholinergic Urticaria
		3.3 Cold Contact Urticaria
		3.4 Heat Contact Urticaria
		3.5 Delayed Pressure Urticaria
		3.6 Solar Urticaria
		3.7 Aquagenic Urticaria
	4 Urticarial Vasculitis
	5 Angioedema
	6 Schnitzler Syndrome
	7 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndrome
		7.1 Familial Periodic Fever Syndrome (Hereditary Auto-inflammatory Syndrome)
	8 Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis
	9 Mastocystosis
		9.1 Solitary Mastocytoma
		9.2 Urticaria Pigmentosa
		9.3 Telangiectasia Macularis Eruptiva Perstans
		9.4 Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis
	References
Immunobullous Dermatoses
	1 Introduction
	2 Intraepidermal Immunobullous Disease
		2.1 Pemphigus Disease
			2.1.1 Classical Pemphigus
				2.1.1.0 Pemphigus Vulgaris
				2.1.1.0 Pemphigus Vegetans
				2.1.1.0 Pemphigus Foliaceus
				2.1.1.0 Pemphigus Erythematosus (Senear-Usher Syndrome)
			2.1.2 Nonclassical Pemphigus
				2.1.2.0 Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
				2.1.2.0 Pemphigus Herpetiformis
				2.1.2.0 Drug-Induced Pemphigus
				2.1.2.0 Intercellular IgA Dermatosis (IgA Pemphigus)
	3 Subepidermal Immunobullous Disease
		3.1 Bullous Pemphigoid
		3.2 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (Cicatricial Pemphigoid)
		3.3 Pemphigoid Gestationis (Herpes Gestationis)
		3.4 Linear IgA Disease (Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis)
		3.5 Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
		3.6 Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
		3.7 Dermatitis Herpetiformis (Duhring-Brocq Disease)
	References
Psoriasis
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Pathogenesis and Pathology
		1.2 Genetics in Psoriasis
		1.3 Psoriasis-Associated Comorbidity
	2 Types of Psoriasis
		2.1 Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
		2.2 Guttate Psoriasis
		2.3 Erythrodermic Psoriasis
		2.4 Pustular Psoriasis
			2.4.1 Generalized Form of Pustular Psoriasis
				2.4.1.0 Von Zumbusch Pattern of Generalized Form of Pustular Psoriasis
				2.4.1.0 Annular Pattern of Generalized Form of Pustular Psoriasis
				2.4.1.0 Pustular Psoriasis of Pregnancy (Impetigo Herpetiformis)
			2.4.2 Localized Form of Pustular Psoriasis
				2.4.2.0 Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis
				2.4.2.0 Acrodermatitis Continua of Hallopeau (Dermatitis Repens)
		2.5 Rupioid, Elephantine, and Ostraceous Psoriasis
	3 Psoriasis at Special Site
		3.1 Scalp Psoriasis (Psoriasis of the Scalp)
		3.2 Nail Psoriasis
		3.3 Flexural Psoriasis (Inverse Psoriasis)
		3.4 Palmoplantar Psoriasis
	References
Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Lichen Planus
	3 Variants of Lichen Planus
		3.1 Hypertrophic Lichen Planus
		3.2 Follicular Lichen Planus (Lichen Planopilaris)
		3.3 Linear Lichen Planus
		3.4 Actinic Lichen Planus (Lichen Planus Subtropicus or Lichen Planus Actinicus)
		3.5 Lichen Planus Pigmentosus
		3.6 Annular Lichen Planus
		3.7 Atrophic Lichen Planus
		3.8 Lichen Planus of the Palm and Sole (Palmoplantar Lichen Planus)
		3.9 Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus
		3.10 Isolated Lip Lichen Planus
	4 Lichenoid Disorder
		4.1 Bullous Lichen Planus
		4.2 Lichen Planus Pemphigoides
		4.3 Nékam´s Disease (Keratosis Lichenoides Chronica, Prokeratosis Striata Lichenoides, Lichen Ruber Moniliformis, or Lichen Ve...
		4.4 Lichen Striatus
		4.5 Lichen Nitidus
		4.6 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
	References
Hypopigmentary Skin Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Melanogenesis
	3 A Brief Approach to Hypomelanosis
	4 Childhood Hypopigmentary Disorder
		4.1 Genodermatosis with Generalized Hypopigmentation
			4.1.1 Oculocutaneous Albinism
			4.1.2 Menkes Disease (Menkes Kinky Hair Disease)
			4.1.3 Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
			4.1.4 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
			4.1.5 Griscelli Syndrome and Elejalde Syndrome (Neuroectodermal Melanolysosomal Disease)
			4.1.6 Albinism
			4.1.7 Tietz Syndrome
		4.2 Genodermatosis with Localized Hypopigmentation
			4.2.1 Piebaldism and Waardenburg Syndrome
			4.2.2 Nevus Anemicus
			4.2.3 Pigmentary Mosaicism
			4.2.4 Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Siemens Incontinentia Pigmenti, Melanoblastosis Cutis Linearis, Nevus Pigmentosus Systemat...
			4.2.5 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
		4.3 Generalized Hypopigmentation in Childhood with Later Onset
			4.3.1 Phenylketonuria
			4.3.2 Homocystinuria
			4.3.3 Histidinemia
		4.4 Localized Hypopigmentation in Childhood with Later Onset
			4.4.1 Post-inflammatory Hypopigmentation
			4.4.2 Morphea (General and Juvenile Types)
	5 Acquired Disorders of Hypomelanosis
		5.1 Acquired Hypomelanosis with Generalized Hypopigmentation
			5.1.1 Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
			5.1.2 Progressive Macular Hypomelanosis
			5.1.3 Vitiligo and Associated Conditions
		5.2 Acquired Hypomelanosis with Localized Hypopigmentation
			5.2.1 Chemical Leukoderma
			5.2.2 Postinfectious Disease Hypopigmentation
				5.2.2.0 Tuberculoid Leprosy
				5.2.2.0 Secondary Syphilis
				5.2.2.0 Onchocerciasis
				5.2.2.0 Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
				5.2.2.0 Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor)
			5.2.3 Pityriasis Alba
			5.2.4 Lupus Vulgaris
			5.2.5 Lichen Sclerosus
			5.2.6 Woronoff´s Ring
			5.2.7 Halo Nevus
			5.2.8 Melanoma-Associated Leukoderma
			5.2.9 Mycosis Fungoides (Hypopigmented Variant)
			5.2.10 Sarcoidosis (Hypopigmented Variant)
			5.2.11 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
			5.2.12 Granuloma Annulare
	References
Hyperpigmentary Skin Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Hyperpigmentary Skin Disorder
		2.1 Melasma
		2.2 Poikiloderma of Civatte
		2.3 Peribuccal Pigmentation of Brocq
		2.4 Periorbital Hyperpigmentation (Periorbital Melanosis, Dark Circle, or Idiopathic Cutaneous Hyperchromia of the Orbital Reg...
		2.5 Ephelide (Freckle)
		2.6 Lentigo
		2.7 Hypermelanosis Due to Endocrine Disorder
		2.8 Ochronosis
		2.9 Nevus of Ota
		2.10 Nevus of Ito
		2.11 Hypermelanosis of Drug Origin
		2.12 Fixed Drug Eruption
		2.13 Pigmentation from Photodynamic and Phototoxic Chemical Agent
			2.13.1 Phytophotodermatitis (Meadow Dermatitis, Strimmer Dermatitis, or Weed Wacker)
			2.13.2 Berloque Dermatitis
		2.14 Ashy Dermatosis and Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans
		2.15 Riehl´s Melanosis
		2.16 Lichen Planus Pigmentosus
	References
Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands
	1 Introduction
	2 Acne Vulgaris
	3 Acne Variants
		3.1 Prepubertal Acne (Neonate Acne, Infantile Acne, or Acne Praecox)
		3.2 Adult Acne (Acne Tarda)
		3.3 Senile Comedone (Favre-Racouchot Syndrome, Solar Comedone, or Nodular Elastoidosis with Cysts and Comedones)
		3.4 Gram-Negative Folliculitis
		3.5 Acne Conglobate
		3.6 Acne Fulminans (Acne Maligna or Acute Febrile Ulcerating Acne Conglobata with Polyarthralgia and Leukemoid Reaction)
		3.7 Pyoderma Faciale (Rosacea Fulminans)
	4 Acneiform Eruption
		4.1 Steroid-Induced Folliculitis (Steroid Acne or Steroid Folliculitis)
		4.2 Acne Cosmetica
		4.3 Drug-Induced Acneiform Eruption
		4.4 Occupational Acne
	5 Uncommon Association with Acne
		5.1 Acne Excoriée (Acne Excoriee Des Jeunes Filles or Picker´s Acne)
		5.2 Scalp Folliculitis
		5.3 Folliculitis Decalvans
		5.4 Dissecting Folliculitis of the Scalp (Folliculitis et Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens or Hoffman Disease)
		5.5 Granulomatous Acne (Lymphoedematous Acne, Acne Rosacea, or Morbihan Syndrome)
		5.6 Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa)
		5.7 Mechanical Acne (Acne Mechanica or Sports-Induced Acne)
	6 Cyst and Tumor
		6.1 Ectopic Sebaceous Gland (Fordyce Spot)
		6.2 Epidermoid Cyst
		6.3 Steatocystoma Multiplex
		6.4 Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia
		6.5 Sebaceous Adenoma
		6.6 Sebaceous Carcinoma
	7 Pilosebaceous Nevoid Disorder
		7.1 Sebaceous Nevus
		7.2 Nevus Comedonicus
	8 Acne-Related Syndrome
		8.1 Synovitis-Acne-Pustulosis-Hyperostosis-Osteitis Syndrome (SAPHO Syndrome)
		8.2 Pyogenic Arthritis-Pyoderma Gangrenosum-Acne (PAPA) and Pyoderma-Acne-Suppurative Hidradenitis (PASH) Syndromes
		8.3 Apert´s Syndrome
	References
Rosacea, Perioral Dermatitis and Similar Dermatoses, Flushing and Flushing Syndromes
	1 Introduction
	2 Rosacea
		2.1  Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
		2.2  Inflammatory Rosacea (Papulo-Pustular Rosacea)
		2.3  Ocular Rosacea
		2.4  Rosacea Lymphedema
		2.5  Phyma
		2.6  Corticosteroid-Induced Rosacea (Steroid Rosacea)
	3 Periorificial Dermatitis (Perioral Dermatitis and Periocular Dermatitis)
	4 Acne Agminata (Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei or Facial Idiopathic Granulomas with Regressive Evolution)
	5 Granulomatous Perioral Dermatitis in Children
	6 Pyoderma faciale (Rosacea Fulminans)
	7 Idiopathic Facial Aseptic Granuloma
	8 Flushing and Flushing Syndromes
		8.1  Physiological Flushing
		8.2  Menopausal Flushing
		8.3  Drug-Induced Flushing
		8.4  Flushing Associated with Alcohol Intake
		8.5  Flushing Associated with Food
		8.6  Scombroid Fish Poisoning
	9 Carcinoid Syndrome
	References
Disorders of Sweat Glands
	1 Introduction
	2 Eccrine Gland
		2.1 Anatomy and Physiology of Human Eccrine Gland
		2.2 Hyperhidrosis
			2.2.1 Generalized Hyperhidrosis
			2.2.2 Palmoplantar, Axillary, and Craniofacial Hyperhidrosis
			2.2.3 Localized and Asymmetrical Hyperhidrosis
			2.2.4 Gustatory Hyperhidrosis
		2.3 Anhidrosis
			2.3.1 Ross Syndrome
		2.4 Miliaria
		2.5 Disorders Associated with Abnormal Eccrine Histology
			2.5.1 Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis
			2.5.2 Idiopathic Recurrent Palmoplantar Hidradenitis (Palmoplantar Eccrine Hidradenitis or Idiopathic Plantar Hidradenitis)
			2.5.3 Syringosquamous Metaplasia
		2.6 Drugs and the Eccrine Gland
			2.6.1 Coma-Induced Eccrine Necrosis
			2.6.2 Radiation-Induced Eccrine Damage
		2.7 Disorders with Sweat Gland Cellular Inclusion
		2.8 Granulosis Rubra Nasi
	3 Apocrine Gland
		3.1 Anatomy and Physiology of Apocrine Sweat Gland
		3.2 Abnormal Sweat Odor
			3.2.1 Axillary Malodor
			3.2.2 Fish Odor Syndrome (Trimethylaminuria)
		3.3 Chromhidrosis (Ephydrosis Tincta)
		3.4 Fox-Fordyce Disease
	References
Subcutaneous Fat
	1 Introduction
	2 Panniculitis
		2.1 Mostly Septal Panniculitis
			2.1.1 Erythema Nodosum
			2.1.2 Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Panniculitis
			2.1.3 Morphea Panniculitis (Scleroderma Panniculitis)
		2.2 Mostly Lobular Panniculitis
			2.2.1 Erythema Induratum (Nodular Vasculitis)
			2.2.2 Traumatic Panniculitis
			2.2.3 Factitial Panniculitis
			2.2.4 Cold Panniculitis
			2.2.5 Pancreatic Panniculitis
			2.2.6 Infective Panniculitis
			2.2.7 Erythema Nodosum Leprosum
			2.2.8 Systemic Autoimmune Connective Tissue Panniculitis
				2.2.8.0 Lupus Panniculitis (Lupus Profundus)
				2.2.8.0 Dermatomyositis Panniculitis
			2.2.9 Sclerosing Panniculitis (Lipodermatosclerosis)
			2.2.10 Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
	3 Lipodystrophy
		3.1 Inherited Lipodystrophy
			3.1.1 Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (Berardinelli-Sein Syndrome)
			3.1.2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy
		3.2 Acquired Lipodystrophy
			3.2.1 Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy (Lawrence Syndrome)
			3.2.2 Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy (Barraquer-Simons Syndrome)
			3.2.3 HIV/HAART-Associated Lipodystrophy
	References
The ``Connective Tissue Diseases´´
	1 Introduction
	2 Lupus Erythematosus
		2.1 Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE)
			2.1.1 Localized Form of ACLE (Malar Rash or Butterfly Rash)
			2.1.2 Generalized Form of ACLE (Maculopapular Rash or Photosensitive Lupus Rash)
			2.1.3 Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
		2.2 Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE)
			2.2.1 Annular SCLE (Polycyclic SCLE)
			2.2.2 Papulosquamous SCLE (Psoriasiform SCLE)
		2.3 Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CCLE)
			2.3.1 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
			2.3.2 Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus
			2.3.3 Lupus Erythematosus Profundus
		2.4 Intermittent Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus)
		2.5 Rowell´s Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-like Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
		2.6 Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
		2.7 Non-specific Skin Lesions in Lupus Erythematosus
	3 Systemic Sclerosis
	4 Dermatomyositis
	5 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp Syndrome)
	6 Rheumatoid Arthritis
	7 Adult-Onset Still´s Disease
	8 Sjögren Syndrome
	9 Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
	10 Overlap Syndrome
		10.1 Scleromyositis
	11 Polyarteritis Nodosa
	12 Morphea
		12.1 Limited Form of Morphea
			12.1.1 Plaque-Type Morphea
			12.1.2 Guttate Morphea
			12.1.3 Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini
		12.2 Generalized Form of Morphea
			12.2.1 Generalized Localized Scleroderma
			12.2.2 Disabling Pansclerotic Morphea
		12.3 Linear Form of Morphea
			12.3.1 Linear Localized Scleroderma
			12.3.2 Linear Localized Scleroderma en Coup de Sabre
			12.3.3 Progressive Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome or Idiopathic Hemifacial Atrophy)
		12.4 Deep Form of Morphea
		12.5 Mixed Form of Morphea
	13 Eosinophilic Fasciitis (Shulman Disease)
	14 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (Lichen Sclerosus)
	15 Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis
	References
Purpura and Microvascular Occlusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpura and Purpuric Dermatosis
		2.1 Purpura Due to Thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytosis, and Platelet Defect
		2.2 Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis (Pigmented Purpuric Capillaritis)
			2.2.1 Schamberg´s Disease (Progressive Pigmentary Dermatosis of Schamberg, Purpura Pigmentosa Progressive, or Schamberg´s Purp...
			2.2.2 Dermatosis of Gougerot and Blum (Pigmented Purpuric Lichenoid Dermatosis of Gougerot-Blum)
			2.2.3 Lichen Aureus (Lichen Purpuricus)
			2.2.4 Purpura Annularis Telangiectodes (Majocchi Disease)
			2.2.5 Granulomatous Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis
			2.2.6 Eczematoid-Like Purpura of Doucas and Kapetanakis
	3 Cutaneous Microvascular Occlusive Disorder
		3.1 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
		3.2 Warfarin-Induced Skin Necrosis
		3.3 Heparin-Induced Skin Necrosis
		3.4 Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome
		3.5 Calciphylaxis
		3.6 Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
		3.7 Livedoid Vasculopathy
		3.8 Sneddon Syndrome
		3.9 Malignant Atrophic Papulosis (Degos Disease or Köhlmeier-Degos Disease)
	References
Vasculitis and Neutrophilic Dermatoses and Related Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Cutaneous Vasculitis
		2.1 Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
			2.1.1 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
			2.1.2 Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy (Finkelstein Disease)
			2.1.3 Urticarial Vasculitis
			2.1.4 Granuloma Faciale
			2.1.5 Erythema Elevatum Diutinum
			2.1.6 Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis
		2.2 ANCA-Positive Vasculitis
			2.2.1 Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
			2.2.2 Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome or Allergic Granulomatosis and Angiitis)
			2.2.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa
			2.2.4 Cocaine-Induced Vasculitis (Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis)
	3 Neutrophilic Dermatosis
		3.1 Sweet Syndrome
		3.2 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
		3.3 Neutrophilic Urticarial Dermatosis
		3.4 Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease)
		3.5 Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis
	References
Necrobiotic Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Necrobiotic Disorder
		2.1 Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (Acne Agminate)
		2.2 Granuloma Annulare
		2.3 Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Dermatitis Atrophicans Diabetica or Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum)
		2.4 Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma
		2.5 Rheumatoid Nodule
		2.6 Rheumatic Fever Nodule
		2.7 Necrobiotic Reaction to Foreign Material and Vaccine
	References
Sarcoidosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Specific Skin Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
		2.1 Papular Sarcoidosis
		2.2 Micropapular Sarcoidosis (Lichen Nitidus-Like Sarcoidosis)
		2.3 Maculopapular Sarcoidosis
		2.4 Lupus Pernio (Besnier)
		2.5 Angiolupoid Sarcoidosis (Brocq-Pautrier)
		2.6 Plaque Sarcoidosis
		2.7 Scar Sarcoidosis
		2.8 Morphea-Form Sarcoidosis
		2.9 Nodular Sarcoidosis
		2.10 Subcutaneous Sarcoidosis (Darier-Roussy Sarcoid)
		2.11 Ulcerative Sarcoidosis
		2.12 Mucosal Sarcoidosis
	3 Nonspecific Skin Manifestations of Sarcoidosis
		3.1 Erythema Nodosum Associated with Sarcoidosis
		3.2 Löfgren Syndrome
	References
Systemic Disease and the Skin
	1 Introduction
	2 Skin and Autoinflammatory Syndrome
		2.1 Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome
		2.2 Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
		2.3 Familial Mediterranean Fever
		2.4 Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D Syndrome
		2.5 Pyogenic Arthritis-Pyoderma Gangrenosum-Acne Syndrome (Familial Recurrent Arthritis)
		2.6 Schnitzler´s Syndrome
		2.7 Synovitis-Acne-Pustulosis-Hyperostosis-Osteitis Syndrome
		2.8 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome (Familial Hibernian Fever)
	3 Skin and Cardiovascular Disease
		3.1 Amyloid Deposit
		3.2 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
		3.3 Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)
		3.4 Multiple Lentigines Syndrome (LEOPARD Syndrome)
		3.5 Carney Complex
		3.6 Relapsing Polychondritis
		3.7 Bacterial Endocarditis
	4 Skin and Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disease
		4.1 Ataxia-Telangiectasia (Louis-Bar Disease)
		4.2 Cobb´s Syndrome (Cutaneomeningospinal Angiomatosis)
		4.3 Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
		4.4 Neurofibromatosis
		4.5 Sturge-Weber Syndrome
		4.6 Tuberous Sclerosis
	5 Skin and Endocrine Disorder
		5.1 Addison´s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
		5.2 Cushing´s Syndrome
		5.3 Acne Vulgaris
		5.4 Hirsutism
		5.5 Acromegaly
		5.6 Hypopituitarism
		5.7 Acanthosis Nigricans
		5.8 Acquired Perforating Dermatosis
		5.9 Bullosis Diabeticorum (Diabetic Bullae)
		5.10 Diabetic Dermopathy (Shin Spot or Pretibial Pigmented Patch)
		5.11 Eruptive Xanthoma
		5.12 Necrobiosis Lipoidica
		5.13 Neuropathic Ulcer
		5.14 Scleredema and Scleroderma-Like Skin Change
		5.15 Pretibial Myxedema (Thyroid Dermopathy)
		5.16 Thyroid Acropachy
		5.17 Carotenemia
		5.18 Acquired Ichthyosis
		5.19 Myxedema (Generalized Myxedema)
	6 Skin and Gastrointestinal Disorder
		6.1 Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
		6.2 Bowel-Associated Dermatosis-Arthritis Syndrome
		6.3 Cowden´s Disease (PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome)
		6.4 Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
		6.5 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
		6.6 Erythema Nodosum
		6.7 Gardner´s Syndrome and Turcot´s Syndrome
		6.8 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Syndrome (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome)
		6.9 Necrolytic Migratory Erythema
		6.10 Oral Aphtha as Manifestation of Crohn´s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
		6.11 Metastatic Crohn´s Disease
		6.12 Pyoderma Vegetans
		6.13 Pancreatic Panniculitis (Pancreatic Fat Necrosis)
		6.14 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
		6.15 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
		6.16 Purpura as Manifestation of Acute Pancreatitis
		6.17 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
		6.18 Sweet´s Syndrome (Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis)
	7 Skin and Hepatic Disease
		7.1 Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
		7.2 Hemochromatosis
		7.3 Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood (Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome)
		7.4 Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
		7.5 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
		7.6 Cirrhosis of the Liver
		7.7 Hepatolenticular Degeneration (Wilson´s Disease)
		7.8 Necrolytic Acral Erythema
	8 Skin and Malignancy
		8.1 Carcinoid Syndrome
		8.2 Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) Syndrome
		8.3 Necrolytic Migratory Erythema
		8.4 Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
		8.5 Cowden´s Disease
		8.6 Gardner´s Syndrome
		8.7 Leiomyomatosis (Reed´s Syndrome)
		8.8 Muir-Torre Syndrome
		8.9 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome
		8.10 Neurofibromatosis
		8.11 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
		8.12 Acanthosis Nigricans
		8.13 Acquired Ichthyosis
		8.14 Bazex Syndrome (Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica)
		8.15 Bullous Disease
		8.16 Dermatomyositis
		8.17 Erythema Gyratum Repens
		8.18 Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa
		8.19 Migratory Thrombophlebitis (Superficial Migratory Thrombophlebitis, Trousseau Syndrome, or Carcinogenic Thrombophlebitis)
		8.20 Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis (Lipoid Dermatoarthritis)
		8.21 Pachydermoperiostosis
		8.22 Paget´s and Extramammary Paget´s Disease
		8.23 Pityriasis Rotunda
		8.24 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
		8.25 Sign of Leser-Trélat
		8.26 Tripe Palms (Pachydermatoglyphy, Acanthosis Palmaris, or Acanthosis Nigricans of the Palms)
		8.27 Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
		8.28 Sweet´s Syndrome (Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis)
		8.29 Sarcoidal Granuloma
		8.30 Miscellaneous Condition: Paraproteinemia
	9 Skin and Renal Disease
		9.1 Acquired Perforating Dermatosis
		9.2 Calcinosis Cutis (Benign Nodular Calcinosis)
		9.3 Calciphylaxis (Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy)
		9.4 Half and Half Nail (Lindsay´s Nail)
		9.5 Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
		9.6 Porphyria and Pseudoporphyria
	References
Psychocutaneous Disorders
	1 Introduction
	2 Disorder of Dermatological Beliefs
		2.1 Delusion of Parasitosis
		2.2 Morgellons Disease
	3 Disorder of Body Awareness
		3.1 Body Dysmorphic Disorder
		3.2 Psychogenic Pruritus
	4 Harmful Cutaneous Habit
		4.1 Pathological Skin Picking (Neurotic Excoriation)
		4.2 Acne excoriée
		4.3 Trichotillomania
		4.4 Onychophagia
		4.5 Onychotillomania
		4.6 Lichen Simplex
	5 Factitious Skin Disease
		5.1 Dermatitis Factitia
		5.2 Munchausen´s Syndrome, Munchausen´s Syndrome by Proxy, and Pseudologia Fantastica
		5.3 Self-Mutilation (Self-Injury)
		5.4 Dermatitis Passivata
	References
Disorders of Nails
	1 Introduction
	2 Nail Anatomy and Physiology
		2.1 Nail Plate
		2.2 Nail Matrix
		2.3 Nail Folds
		2.4 Nail Bed
		2.5 Hyponychium
		2.6 Nail Blood Vessels
		2.7 Nail Growth
	3 Nail Signs
		3.1 Changes on the Nail Surface
			3.1.1 Beau´s Line
			3.1.2 Nail Pitting (Rosenau´s Depressions or Onychia Punctate)
			3.1.3 Onychorrhexis
			3.1.4 Trachyonychia (Twenty Nail Dystrophy)
			3.1.5 Longitudinal Furrow
		3.2 Changes of the Nail Shape and Size
			3.2.1 Anonychia
			3.2.2 Koilonychia (Spoon Nail)
			3.2.3 Pincer Nail (Trumpet Nail)
			3.2.4 Clubbing
			3.2.5 Onychogryphosis (Onychauxis)
		3.3 Changes of the Nail Color
			3.3.1 Leukonychia
				3.3.1.0 True Leukonychia
				3.3.1.0 Apparent Leukonychia
			3.3.2 Splinter Hemorrhage
			3.3.3 Longitudinal Melanonychia
			3.3.4 Longitudinal Erythronychia
		3.4 Changes of Nail Plate and Nail Bed Adhesion
			3.4.1 Onycholysis
		3.5 Hereditary and Congenital Nail Disorders
			3.5.1 Pachyonychia Congenita
			3.5.2 Iso-Kikuchi Syndrome
			3.5.3 Nail-Patella Syndrome
			3.5.4 Epidermolysis Bullosa of the Nail Unit
		3.6 Common Diseases of the Toenail
			3.6.1 Onycholysis of the Great Toenail
			3.6.2 Subungual Hematoma
			3.6.3 Transverse Leukonychia
			3.6.4 Frictional Melanonychia
			3.6.5 Pincer Nail
			3.6.6 Onychogryphosis
			3.6.7 Ingrown Toenail
			3.6.8 Frictional Pyogenic Granuloma
		3.7 Nail Disorders Due to Environmental Factors
			3.7.1 Nail Fragility (Brittle Nail)
			3.7.2 Green Nail Syndrome (Chloronychia)
		3.8 Nail Disorders Due to Dermatological Diseases
			3.8.1 Nail Psoriasis
			3.8.2 Hallopeau Acrodermatitis Continua-Related Nail Changes
			3.8.3 Nail Lichen Planus
		3.9 Infective Nail Disorders
			3.9.1 Herpes Simplex (Herpetic Whitlow)
			3.9.2 Periungual Viral Wart
			3.9.3 Acute Bacterial Paronychia
			3.9.4 Onychomycosis
		3.10 Nail Signs of Systemic Diseases
			3.10.1 Yellow Nail Syndrome
			3.10.2 Clubbing
			3.10.3 Terry´s Nail
			3.10.4 Half and Half Nail
		3.11 Tumors of the Nails
			3.11.1 Pyogenic Granuloma
			3.11.2 Fibroma and Fibrokeratoma
			3.11.3 Myxoid Cyst (Mucoid Cyst)
			3.11.4 Onychopapilloma
			3.11.5 Subungual Exostosis (Dupuytren´s Exostosis)
			3.11.6 Glomus Tumor
			3.11.7 Onychomatricoma
			3.11.8 Nail Matrix Melanocytic Nevus
			3.11.9 Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Bowen´s Disease
			3.11.10 Subungual Melanoma
	References
Disorders of Hair
	1 Introduction
	2 Anatomy and Physiology
		2.1 Type of Hair
		2.2 Anatomy of the Hair Follicle
			2.2.1 Hair Cycle
	3 Disorder of Hair
		3.1 Alopecia
			3.1.1 Common Baldness and Androgenic Alopecia
				3.1.1.0 Male Pattern Hair Loss
				3.1.1.0 Female Pattern Hair Loss
			3.1.2 Disturbances of Hair Cycle
				3.1.2.0 Telogen Effluvium
				3.1.2.0 Anagen Effluvium
			3.1.3 Alopecia Areata
			3.1.4 Acquired Cicatricial Alopecia
				3.1.4.0 Primary Cicatricial Alopecia
					3.1.4.0.0 Lymphocytic
						Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
						Lichen Planopilaris
						Graham-Little Syndrome
						Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
						Pseudopelade of Brocq
						Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia
						Alopecia Mucinosa (Follicular Mucinosis)
						Keratosis Pilaris Spinulosa Decalvans
						Morphea/Scleroderma
					3.1.4.0.0 Neutrophilic
						Folliculitis Decalvans and Tufted Folliculitis
						Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp (Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens, Hoffman Disease, and Dermatitis Follicul...
					3.1.4.0.0 Mixed
						Acne Keloidalis Nuchae (Folliculitis Keloidalis Nuchae)
						Acne Necrotica
						Erosive Pustular Dermatosis
				3.1.4.0 Secondary Cicatricial Alopecia
					3.1.4.0.0 Traumatic Disorder
						Radiodermatitis
						Dermatitis Artefacta (Factitious Dermatitis)
						Traction Alopecia
						Hot Comb Alopecia
						Artefactual Alopecia
					3.1.4.0.0 Sclerosing Disorder
						Morphea/Scleroderma
						Lichen Sclerosus
						Sclerodermoid Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
						Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
						Cicatricial Pemphigoid
					3.1.4.0.0 Granulomatous Disorder
						Sarcoidosis
						Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum)
						Infectious Granuloma
						Cutaneous Botryomycosis
					3.1.4.0.0 Infectious Disorder
						Bacterial Infection
						Viral Infection
						Fungal Infection (Scalp Ringworm or Tinea Capitis)
						Mycobacterial Infection
					3.1.4.0.0 Neoplastic Disorder
						Benign Neoplastic Disorder
							Trichilemmal Cyst (Pilar Cyst)
							Cylindroma
						Malignant Neoplastic Disorder
							Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
							Squamous Cell Carcinoma
							Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
							Trichilemmal Carcinoma
							Angiosarcoma
						Congenital Alopecia and Hypotrichosis
							Aplasia Cutis Congenita
							Facial Hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg´s Syndrome)
							Epidermal Nevus
							Hair Follicle Hamartoma
							Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome)
							Focal Dermal Hypoplasia of Goltz
							Porokeratosis of Mibelli (Classic Porokeratosis)
							Ichthyosis
							Epidermolysis Bullosa
						Scaling Disorder of the Scalp
							Pityriasis Capitis (Dandruff)
							Pityriasis Amiantacea (Tinea Amiantacea)
							Folliculitis
							Pseudofolliculitis (Pili Incarnati)
						Thickened Scalp Disorder
							Cutis Verticis Gyrata
							Lumpy Scalp Syndrome (Scalp-Ear-Nipple Syndrome)
							Lipoedematous Alopecia
						Congenital Alopecia and Hypotrichosis
							Atrichia Congenita
							Hypotrichosis
	4 Abnormalities of the Hair Shaft
		4.1 Structural Defect with Increased Fragility
			4.1.1 Monilethrix (Beaded Hair)
			4.1.2 Pseudomonilethrix
			4.1.3 Pili Torti (Twisted Hair)
			4.1.4 Trichorrhexis Invaginata (Bamboo Hair)
			4.1.5 Trichorrhexis Nodosa
			4.1.6 Trichothiodystrophy
		4.2 Structural Defect Without Increased Fragility
			4.2.1 Pili Annulati (Ringed Hair)
			4.2.2 Woolly Hair
			4.2.3 Uncombable Hair Syndrome (Pili Trianguli et Canaliculi or Spun-Glass Hair)
			4.2.4 Straight-Hair Nevus
			4.2.5 Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome
		4.3 Other Abnormality of the Hair Shaft
			4.3.1 Trichoptilosis
			4.3.2 Circle Hair
			4.3.3 Trichomalacia
			4.3.4 Trichoschisis
			4.3.5 Pohl-Pinkus Constriction
			4.3.6 Tapered Hair and Bayonet Hair
			4.3.7 Trichonodosis
			4.3.8 Trichostasis Spinulosa
			4.3.9 Pili Multigemini
			4.3.10 Hair Cast (Pseudonit)
			4.3.11 Weathering of the Hair Shaft
			4.3.12 Bubble Hair
	5 Excessive Growth of Hair
		5.1 Hypertrichosis
		5.2 Hirsutism
	6 Variation in Hair Color
		6.1 Red Hair (Rutilism)
		6.2 Hair Heterochromia
		6.3 Greying of Hair (Canities or Achromotrichia)
		6.4 Poliosis Circumscripta (White Forelock)
		6.5 Albinism
		6.6 Systemic Disease-Induced Hair Color Changes
		6.7 Drug-Induced Hair Color Changes
		6.8 Nutritional Deficiency-Induced Hair Color Change
	References
The Skin and the Eyes
	1 Introduction
	2 Infection
		2.1 Viral Infection
			2.1.1 Herpes Simplex
			2.1.2 Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
		2.2 Bacterial Infection
			2.2.1 Syphilis
			2.2.2 Lyme Disease (Borreliosis)
			2.2.3 Cat-Scratch Disease
			2.2.4 Leprosy
		2.3 Parasitic Infection
			2.3.1 Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
			2.3.2 Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)
			2.3.3 Toxocariasis
	3 Inflammatory Dermatosis
		3.1 Papulosquamous Dermatosis
			3.1.1 Atopic Dermatitis
			3.1.2 Rosacea
		3.2 Bullous Dermatosis
			3.2.1 Autoimmune Bullous Disease
				3.2.1.0 Pemphigus Foliaceus
				3.2.1.0 Pemphigus Vulgaris
				3.2.1.0 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
				3.2.1.0 Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
				3.2.1.0 Linear IgA Disease
				3.2.1.0 Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
			3.2.2 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
		3.3 Connective Tissue Disease
			3.3.1 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
			3.3.2 Dermatomyositis
			3.3.3 Sarcoidosis
			3.3.4 Behcet´s Disease
	4 Genetic Disorder
		4.1 Keratinization Disorder
			4.1.1 X-Linked Ichthyosis
			4.1.2 Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness Syndrome (KID Syndrome)
			4.1.3 Ichthyosis Follicularis Alopecia and Photophobia Syndrome (IFAP Syndrome)
			4.1.4 Refsum Disease (Heredopathia Atactica Polyneuritiformis)
			4.1.5 Lamellar Ichthyosis
			4.1.6 Richner-Hanhart Syndrome (Oculocutaneous Tyrosinemia)
			4.1.7 Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
		4.2 Pigmentary Disorder
			4.2.1 Hypomelanosis
				4.2.1.0 Oculocutaneous Albinism
				4.2.1.0 Waardenburg Syndrome
				4.2.1.0 Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
				4.2.1.0 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
				4.2.1.0 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome
				4.2.1.0 Hypomelanosis of Ito
			4.2.2 Hypermelanosis
				4.2.2.0 Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome)
				4.2.2.0 Dyskeratosis Congenita (Zinsser-Cole-Engman Syndrome)
				4.2.2.0 Nevus of Ota (Fuscoceruleus Ophthalmomaxillaris)
		4.3 Photosensitive Dermatosis
			4.3.1 Bloom Syndrome
			4.3.2 Xeroderma Pigmentosum
			4.3.3 Rothmond-Thomson Syndrome (Poikiloderma Congenitale)
			4.3.4 Cockayane Syndrome
		4.4 Metabolic Disorder
			4.4.1 Fabry Disease
			4.4.2 Homocystinuria
			4.4.3 Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Disease or Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae)
			4.4.4 Hurler Syndrome
			4.4.5 Hartnup Disease
		4.5 Vascular Syndrome
			4.5.1 Posterior Fossa Malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial Anomalies, Cardiac Defects and Coarctation of the Aorta, Eye Abnorm...
			4.5.2 Sturge-Weber Syndrome
		4.6 Neurocutaneous Syndrome
			4.6.1 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
			4.6.2 Neurofibromatosis
	5 Adnexal Neoplasm of the Eyelid
		5.1 Benign Neoplasm of the Eyelid
			5.1.1 Epithelial Hyperplasia
				5.1.1.0 Seborrheic Keratosis
				5.1.1.0 Verruca Vulgaris
				5.1.1.0 Cutaneous Horn
				5.1.1.0 Benign Epithelial Cyst
				5.1.1.0 Milia
				5.1.1.0 Pilar Cyst (Trichilemmal Cyst)
				5.1.1.0 Molluscum Contagiosum
				5.1.1.0 Benign Adnexal Lesion
					5.1.1.0.0 Lesion of Sebaceous Gland Origin
						Chalazion
						Hordeolum (Stye)
						Xanthelasma Palpebrarum
					5.1.1.0.0 Tumors of Eccrine Sweat Gland Origin
						Syringoma
						Eccrine Hidrocystoma
					5.1.1.0.0 Tumors of Apocrine Sweat Gland Origin
						Apocrine Hidrocystoma (Cystadenomas or Sudoriferous Cyst)
					5.1.1.0.0 Tumors of Melanocyte Origin
						Melanocytic Nevus
						Lentigo Simplex
						Solar Lentigo (Lentigo Senilis or Liver Spot)
					5.1.1.0.0 Inflammatory and Infective Eyelid Lesion
						Blepharitis
				5.1.1.0 Premalignant Eyelid Lesion
					5.1.1.0.0 Premalignant Epidermal Lesion
						Actinic Keratosis
						Bowen´s Disease
						Keratoacanthoma
					5.1.1.0.0 Premalignant Melanocytic Lesion
						Lentigo Maligna (Hutchinson´s Melanotic Freckle or Precancerous Melanosis)
				5.1.1.0 Malignant Eyelid Neoplasm
					5.1.1.0.0 Basal Cell Carcinoma
					5.1.1.0.0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
					5.1.1.0.0 Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma
					5.1.1.0.0 Malignant Melanoma
	References
Cutaneous Disorders of the External Ear
	1 Introduction
	2 Developmental Defect
		2.1 Pre-auricular Anomaly
		2.2 Accessory Tragus (Ear Tag)
		2.3 Macrotia (Protruding Ear)
		2.4 Microtia
		2.5 Low-Set Ear
	3 Papulosquamous and Eczematous Dermatosis
		3.1 Psoriasis
		3.2 Lichen Planus
		3.3 Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
		3.4 Contact Dermatitis
		3.5 Seborrheic Dermatitis
	4 Drug Eruption
		4.1 Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom
		4.2 Drug-Induced Photosensitivity
	5 Adnexal Disease
		5.1 Acne
		5.2 Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei (Acne Agminata or Granulomatous Rosacea)
	6 Autoimmune Bullous Disease
		6.1 Pemphigus Foliaceus
	7 Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disorder
		7.1 Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
		7.2 Relapsing Polychondritis
	8 Photodermatosis
		8.1 Juvenile Spring Eruption
	9 Environment-Related Disease
		9.1 Acanthoma Fissuratum
		9.2 Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis
		9.3 Weathering Nodule
	10 Granulomatous Disease
		10.1 Granuloma Annulare
		10.2 Sarcoidosis
	11 Metabolic Disease
		11.1 Tophus
		11.2 Calcinosis Cutis
	12 Genodermatosis
		12.1 Darier´s Disease
		12.2 Porphyria
		12.3 Alkaptonuria
	13 Infectious Disease
		13.1 Leprosy
		13.2 Wart
		13.3 Leishmaniasis
	14 Neoplasm and Proliferative Disorder
		14.1 Seborrheic Keratosis
		14.2 Epidermal Cyst
		14.3 Pseudocyst
		14.4 Adnexal Tumor
			14.4.1 Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
			14.4.2 Brooke-Spiegler Syndrome (Brooke´s Tumor)
		14.5 Actinic Keratosis
		14.6 Basal Cell Carcinoma
		14.7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
		14.8 Keratoacanthoma
		14.9 Melanocytic Nevus
		14.10 Malignant Melanoma
		14.11 Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)
		14.12 Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia
		14.13 Atypical Fibroxanthoma
		14.14 Benign Lymphocytic Infiltration of Jessner
		14.15 Lymphocytoma Cutis
		14.16 Mycosis Fungoides
		14.17 Langerhans Cells Histiocytosis
	15 Disorder of Dermal Connective Tissue
		15.1 Keloid
	References
The Oral Cavity and Lips
	1 Introduction
	2 Developmental Anomaly
		2.1 Torus Palatino
	3 Lip Disorder
		3.1 Orifice of the Lip Commissure
		3.2 Fordyce Spot (Fordyce Granule)
		3.3 Cheilitis
			3.3.1 Actinic Cheilitis
			3.3.2 Angular Cheilitis
			3.3.3 Exfoliative Cheilitis
			3.3.4 Cheilitis Glandularis
			3.3.5 Cheilitis Granulomatosa (Granulomatous Cheilitis)
	4 Tongue Disorder
		4.1 Fissured Tongue
		4.2 Median Rhomboid Glossitis
		4.3 Geographic Tongue
		4.4 Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
		4.5 Hairy Tongue (Lingua Villosa)
	5 Tumor
		5.1 Benign Tumor
			5.1.1 Mucocele (Mucous Retention Cyst)
			5.1.2 Pyogenic Granuloma
			5.1.3 Lymphangioma
		5.2 Malignant Tumor
			5.2.1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	6 Infection
		6.1 Candidiasis
		6.2 Syphilis
		6.3 Herpes Simplex
		6.4 Paracoccidioidomycosis
		6.5 Leishmaniasis
	7 Pigmented Lesion
		7.1 Melanotic Macule
	8 Inflammatory Disorder
		8.1 Aphthosis
		8.2 Lichen Planus
		8.3 Lupus Erythematosus
	9 Bullous Disease
		9.1 Pemphigus Vulgaris
		9.2 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
		9.3 Erythema Multiforme
	References
The Genital, Perianal, and Umbilical Regions
	1 Introduction
	2 Disease of Genitalia and/or Perianal Region
		2.1 Developmental/Congenital Anomaly
			2.1.1 Hemangioma
			2.1.2 Angiokeratoma
			2.1.3 Lymphangioma
			2.1.4 Melanocytic Nevus
		2.2 Pigmentary Disorder
			2.2.1 Vitiligo
			2.2.2 Dyspigmentation of Median Raphe
			2.2.3 Lentigines
		2.3 Infection and Infestation
			2.3.1 Trichomycosis Pubis
			2.3.2 Candidiasis
			2.3.3 Dermatophytosis
			2.3.4 Molluscum Contagiosum
			2.3.5 Scabies
			2.3.6 Pediculosis Pubis
			2.3.7 Fournier´s Gangrene
			2.3.8 Genitourinary Tuberculosis
			2.3.9 Actinomycosis
			2.3.10 Leprosy (Hansen´s Disease)
		2.4 Inflammatory Condition
			2.4.1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis
			2.4.2 Irritant Contact Dermatitis
			2.4.3 Seborrheic Dermatitis
			2.4.4 Diaper Dermatitis
			2.4.5 Lichen Nitidus
			2.4.6 Lichen Planus
			2.4.7 Vulvovaginal-Gingival Syndrome
			2.4.8 Psoriasis
			2.4.9 Aphthous Ulcer (Aphtha, Aphthous Stomatitis, or Canker Sore)
			2.4.10 Granuloma Annulare (Necrobiotic Papulosis)
			2.4.11 Vasculitis
			2.4.12 Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa)
			2.4.13 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (Hypoplastic Dystrophy)
			2.4.14 Crohn´s Disease
			2.4.15 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
		2.5 Genital/Perineal Foreign Body (Corpus Alienum)
		2.6 Premalignant and Malignant Condition
			2.6.1 Bowenoid Papulosis
			2.6.2 Bowen´s Disease
			2.6.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			2.6.4 Melanoma
			2.6.5 Basal Cell Carcinoma
			2.6.6 Buschke Lowenstein Tumor
			2.6.7 Lymphoma
			2.6.8 Verrucous Carcinoma
			2.6.9 Extramammary Paget´s Disease
		2.7 Autoimmune Vesicobullous Disease
			2.7.1 Pemphigus Vulgaris
			2.7.2 Bullous Pemphigoid
			2.7.3 Cicatricial Pemphigoid (Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid)
		2.8 Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction
			2.8.1 Erythema Multiforme
			2.8.2 Fixed Drug Eruption
			2.8.3 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
		2.9 Miscellaneous Condition
			2.9.1 Sebaceous Hyperplasia
			2.9.2 Calciphylaxis
			2.9.3 Dermatitis Artefacta
			2.9.4 Porokeratosis
			2.9.5 Scrotal Calcinosis
			2.9.6 Epidermoid Cyst
			2.9.7 Steatocystoma Multiplex
			2.9.8 Verruciform Xanthoma
			2.9.9 Acanthosis Nigricans
			2.9.10 Skin Tag
			2.9.11 Syringoma
			2.9.12 Malakoplakia
			2.9.13 Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
			2.9.14 Lymphedema
	3 Dermatosis Exclusive to/Predominantly Affecting Male Genitalia
		3.1 Pearly Penile Papule
		3.2 Median Raphe Cyst
		3.3 Phimosis
		3.4 Balanoposthitis
		3.5 Circinate Balanitis
		3.6 Pseudoepitheliomatous, Keratotic, and Micaceous Balanitis
		3.7 Penile Thrombophlebitis
		3.8 Peyronie´s Disease
		3.9 Priapism
		3.10 Mucoid Penile Cyst
		3.11 Penile Fracture
		3.12 Erythroplasia of Queyrat
		3.13 Plasma Cell Balanitis (Zoon´s Balanitis)
		3.14 Hypospadias
	4 Dermatosis Exclusive to/Predominantly Affecting Female Genitalia
		4.1 Vestibular Papillomatosis (Hirsutoid Papillomas of Vulva, Micropapillomatosis Labialis, and Vestibular Micropapillae)
		4.2 Vulval Edema
		4.3 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
		4.4 Hidradenoma papilliferum
		4.5 Endometriosis
		4.6 Bartholin´s Cyst
		4.7 Female Genital Mutilation (Female Genital Cutting or Female Circumcision)
		4.8 Papular Acantholytic Dyskeratosis
		4.9 Lipschutz Ulceration
		4.10 Urogenital Sinus
	5 Dermatosis Exclusive to or Predominantly Affecting Perianal Region
		5.1 Cutaneous Amoebiasis
		5.2 Pruritus Ani
		5.3 Pilonidal Sinus
		5.4 Anal Fistula
		5.5 Infantile Perianal Pyramidal Protrusion
	6 Umbilical Periumbilical Dermatosis
		6.1 Congenital Malformation (Urachal and Omphalomesenteric Duct Malformation)
			6.1.1 Urachal Umbilical Sinus
			6.1.2 Urachal Cyst
			6.1.3 Umbilical Polyp
			6.1.4 Vitelline Umbilical Sinus
			6.1.5 Umbilical Hernia
		6.2 Noninfectious Dermatosis
			6.2.1 Linear IgA Disease (Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood)
			6.2.2 Pemphigoid Gestationis (Herpes Gestationis)
			6.2.3 Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (Polymorphic Eruption or Toxemic Rash of Pregnancy)
			6.2.4 Allergic Contact Dermatitis
			6.2.5 Perforating Periumbilical Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (Perforating Calcific Elastosis)
		6.3 Infectious Condition
			6.3.1 Omphalitis
			6.3.2 Larva Currens (Running Larva or Cutaneous Strongyloidiasis)
		6.4 Benign Tumors
			6.4.1 Umbilical Endometriosis
			6.4.2 Umbilical Pyogenic Granuloma
		6.5 Malignant Tumors
			6.5.1 Adenocarcinoma of Umbilicus
			6.5.2 Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
		6.6 Miscellaneous Condition
			6.6.1 Umbilical Granuloma
			6.6.2 Omphalith (Omphalolith, Cullen´s Umbilical Concretion, Inspissated Umbilical Bolus, Omphalokeratolith, or Umbolith)
			6.6.3 Cullen´s Sign
			6.6.4 Caput Medusa (Palm Tree Sign)
			6.6.5 Nevoid Acanthosis Nigricans
	References
Cutaneous Disorders of the Breast
	1 Introduction
	2 Developmental Anomaly of the Breast
		2.1 Accessory Nipple (Supernumerary Nipple or Polythelia)
		2.2 Nipple Anomaly
		2.3 Rudimentary Nipple
		2.4 Hyperkeratosis of the Nipple and Areola
		2.5 Breast Hypoplasia (Hypoplastic Breast, Hypomastia or amastia)
		2.6 Supernumerary Breast (Accessory Breast or Polymastia)
		2.7 Breast Hyperplasia
	3 Physiological Anomaly of the Breast
		3.1 Galactorrhea
		3.2 Gynecomastia
	4 Dermatosis of the Breast
		4.1 Benign Lesion
			4.1.1 Fibroepithelial Polyp (Skin Tag, Soft Fibroma or Acrochordon)
			4.1.2 Keloid and Hypertrophic Scar
			4.1.3 Seborrheic Keratosis (Seborrheic Wart, Senile Wart, and Basal Cell Papilloma)
			4.1.4 Inflammatory Dermatosis
				4.1.4.0 Dermatitis (Eczema)
				4.1.4.0 Psoriasis
				4.1.4.0 Vitiligo
				4.1.4.0 Lichen Planus
				4.1.4.0 Urticarial Vasculitis
				4.1.4.0 Morphea (Localized Scleroderma or Circumscribed Scleroderma)
				4.1.4.0 Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus (White Spot Disease or Lichen Sclerosus)
				4.1.4.0 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
				4.1.4.0 Hidradenitis Suppurativa
				4.1.4.0 Mondor´s Disease (Superficial Obliterative Phlebitis)
			4.1.5 Disorder of Epidermal Keratinization
				4.1.5.0 Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis
				4.1.5.0 Ichthyosis Hystrix
			4.1.6 Vascular Disorder
				4.1.6.0 Diffuse Dermal Angiomatosis
			4.1.7 Infections
				4.1.7.0 Lupus Vulgaris
				4.1.7.0 Leprosy
				4.1.7.0 Breast Abscess
				4.1.7.0 Scabies
				4.1.7.0 Cutaneous Larva Migrans (Creeping Eruption)
			4.1.8 Benign Neoplasm
				4.1.8.0 Neurofibromatosis
				4.1.8.0 Clear Cell Acanthoma
			4.1.9 Congenital Nevus
				4.1.9.0 Becker Nevus (Becker Melanosis or Pigmented Hairy Epidermal Nevus)
				4.1.9.0 Halo Nevus
			4.1.10 Pigmentary Disorder
				4.1.10.0 Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria
		4.2 Malignant Lesion
			4.2.1 Paget´s Disease
			4.2.2 Basal Cell Carcinoma
			4.2.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
			4.2.4 Malignant Melanoma
			4.2.5 Non-inflammatory Breast Carcinoma
			4.2.6 Cutaneous Metastasis of Breast Carcinoma
			4.2.7 Inflammatory Breast Cancer
			4.2.8 Mycosis Fungoides
			4.2.9 Radiation Dermatitis
	References
Skin Drug Reactions
	1 Introduction
	2 Skin Drug Reaction
		2.1 Exanthematous Eruption Maculopapular Eruption or Morbilliform Eruption
		2.2 Urticarial Eruption
		2.3 Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reaction
		2.4 Photosensitivity
			2.4.1 Drug-Induced Phototoxic Reaction
			2.4.2 Drug-Induced Photoallergic Reaction
			2.4.3 Drug-Induced Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
		2.5 Drug-Induced Vasculitis
		2.6 Acneiform and Pustular Eruption
			2.6.1 Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
		2.7 Bullous Eruption
			2.7.1 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
			2.7.2 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Lyell Syndrome)
			2.7.3 Drug-Induced Pseudoporphyria
			2.7.4 Drug-Induced Linear IgA Disease
			2.7.5 Drug-Induced Pemphigus
			2.7.6 Drug-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid
		2.8 Fixed Drug Eruption
		2.9 Anticoagulant-Induced Skin Necrosis
		2.10 Drug-Induced Lichenoid Eruption
		2.11 Drug-Induced Cutaneous Pseudolymphoma
		2.12 Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
		2.13 Hair Change
			2.13.1 Drug-Induced Alopecia
			2.13.2 Drug-Induced Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis
			2.13.3 Drug-Induced Hair Discoloration
		2.14 Oral Condition
			2.14.1 Xerostomia
			2.14.2 Stomatitis
			2.14.3 Mucosal Hyperpigmentation
			2.14.4 Gingival Hyperplasia
		2.15 Pigmentation Reaction
			2.15.1 Skin Hyperpigmentation
			2.15.2 Skin Hypopigmentation
		2.16 Purpura
		2.17 Erythema Annulare Centrifugum
		2.18 Psoriasiform Eruption
		2.19 Exfoliative Dermatitis (Erythroderma)
		2.20 DRESS Syndrome
		2.21 Eczematous Eruption
		2.22 Scleroderma-Like Reaction
		2.23 Erythema Nodosum
		2.24 Nail Change
		2.25 Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
	References
Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Erythema Multiforme and Related Disorder
		2.1 Erythema Multiforme
		2.2 Herpes-Associated Erythema Multiforme
		2.3 Rowell´s Syndrome
		2.4 Erythema Multiforme-Like Contact Dermatitis (Contact Erythema Multiforme)
		2.5 Urticaria Multiforme
	3 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
	4 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
	References
War-Related Dermatoses
	1 Introduction
	2 Agents-Induced Cutaneous Complications
		2.1 Chemical Agents-Induced Cutaneous Complications
		2.2 Biologic Agents-Induced Cutaneous Complications
			2.2.1 Anthrax
			2.2.2 Smallpox
	3 Dermatologic Problems in Amputees
		3.1 Physical Dermatoses
		3.2 Infections
		3.3 Contact Dermatitis
		3.4 Other Cutaneous Disorders
	References
Specific Dermatoses of Pregnancy
	1 Introduction
	2 Specific Dermatosis of Pregnancy
		2.1 Pemphigoid Gestationis
		2.2 Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy
		2.3 Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis of Pregnancy
		2.4 Impetigo Herpetiformis
	References
Occupational Dermatoses
	1 Introduction
	2 Dermatosis Due to Chemical Factor
		2.1 Eczematous Occupational Dermatosis
			2.1.1 Occupational Irritant Contact Dermatitis (Occupational Physical Irritant Contact Dermatitis)
			2.1.2 Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis
		2.2 Non-eczematous Occupational Dermatosis
			2.2.1 Occupational Contact Urticaria
			2.2.2 Occupational Acne (Acne of External Chemical Origin, Acne Venenata, Oil Folliculitis, or Pomade Acne)
			2.2.3 Chemical Depigmentation (Occupational Leukoderma)
			2.2.4 Chemical Burn
	3 Dermatosis Due to Mechanical Factor
		3.1 Callosity
		3.2 Friction Blister
		3.3 Lichenification
	4 Vibration Injury
	5 Koebnerization
	6 Dermatosis Due to Physical Factor
		6.1 Heat
			6.1.1 Erythema Ab Igne
			6.1.2 Erythermalgia
			6.1.3 Miliaria
		6.2 Cold
			6.2.1 Frostbite
			6.2.2 Immersion Foot (Trench Foot)
			6.2.3 Chilblain (Pernio or Perniosis)
	7 Dermatosis Due to Sunlight
		7.1 Phototoxic and Photoallergic Reaction
		7.2 Photoaging
	8 Skin Cancer
		8.1 Actinic Keratosis
		8.2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
		8.3 Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
		8.4 Melanoma
	9 Dermatosis Due to Ionizing Radiation (Radiation Injury)
	10 Dermatosis Due to Biological Factor
		10.1 Bacterial Infection
			10.1.1 Anthrax
		10.2 Mycobacterial Infection
			10.2.1 Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis (Warty Tuberculosis, Anatomist´s Wart, or Prosector´s Wart)
			10.2.2 Atypical Mycobacterial Infection (Fish Tank Granuloma, Swimming Pool Granuloma, or Fish Fancier´s Granuloma)
		10.3 Fungal Infection
			10.3.1 Mycetoma
			10.3.2 Sporotrichosis
			10.3.3 Chromoblastomycosis
		10.4 Viral Infection
			10.4.1 Wart
			10.4.2 Herpetic Whitlow and Herpes Gladiatorum
			10.4.3 Farmyard Pox (Milker´s Nodule and Orf)
		10.5 Ectoparasite Infestation
			10.5.1 Scabies
			10.5.2 Tick Bite
			10.5.3 Cutaneous Larva Migrans
	11 Pseudo-Scleroderma
	References
Mechanical and Thermal Skin Injury
	1 Mechanical Injury
		1.1 Isomorphic Response (Koebner Phenomenon)
		1.2 Nikolsky´s Sign
		1.3 Pressure Injury
		1.4 Corn (Clavus)
		1.5 Callus (Tyloma)
		1.6 Piezogenic Pedal Papule
		1.7 Friction Blister
		1.8 Suction Blister and Purpura
		1.9 Skin Tissue Expansion
		1.10 Traumatic Fat Necrosis (Traumatic Panniculitis)
		1.11 Acne Mechanica
		1.12 Fiberglass Dermatitis
		1.13 Spectacle-Frame Acanthoma (Acanthoma Fissuratum)
		1.14 Chewing Pad (Knuckle Pad or Garrod´s Pad)
		1.15 Traumatic Wound
		1.16 Penetrating Injury
		1.17 Penile Injury
		1.18 Torture
		1.19 Child Abuse
		1.20 Factitious Disorder
	2 Thermal Injury
		2.1 Frostnip
		2.2 Frostbite (Congelation)
		2.3 Chilblain (Pernio or Perniosis)
		2.4 Cold Panniculitis
		2.5 Thermal Burn
		2.6 Erythema Ab Igne
		2.7 Electrical Injury
		2.8 Laser Burn
	References
Cutaneous Photobiology
	1 Introduction to Photodermatology
	2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
		2.1 X-Ray
		2.2 Ultraviolet
		2.3 Visible Light
		2.4 Infrared Radiation
	3 Sunscreen
		3.1 Sun Protection Factor
		3.2 Chemical and Physical Filter
	4 Photodermatologic Disorder
		4.1 Photoallergy
		4.2 Photo Urticaria (Solar Urticaria)
		4.3 Phytophotodermatitis
		4.4 Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE)
		4.5 Photodrug Reaction
		4.6 Photosensitive Porphyria
	5 Vitamin- and Mineral-Dependent Photobiology
		5.1 Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency and Cutaneous Disease
	6 Phototherapy (Light Therapy)
	7 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER)
		7.1 Application of Laser
			7.1.1 Hair Removal
			7.1.2 Vascular Lesion Removal
			7.1.3 Tattoo Removal
			7.1.4 Skin Rejuvenation
	References
Diseases of the Veins and Arteries (Leg Ulcers), Chronic Wounds, and their Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Anatomy of the Lower Limb Vessel
		2.1 Vein System
		2.2 Arterial System
	3 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Vein System and Pathology of Arterial System
		3.1 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Vein System
			3.1.1 CEAP Classification of Vein Disease
				3.1.1.0 C0
				3.1.1.0 C1
				3.1.1.0 C2
				3.1.1.0 C3
				3.1.1.0 C4a
				3.1.1.0 C4b
				3.1.1.0 C5
				3.1.1.0 C6
			3.1.2 Pathological Condition of Vein System
				3.1.2.0 Pregnancy
				3.1.2.0 Venous Aneurysm
				3.1.2.0 Klippel-Weber-Trenaunay Syndrome
				3.1.2.0 Venous Thrombosis
					3.1.2.0.0 Deep Vein Thrombosis
					3.1.2.0.0 Superficial Vein Thrombosis
			3.1.3 Pathology of Arterial System
	4 Diagnostic Procedure of Venous and Arterial Disease
		4.1 Duplex Ultrasound
		4.2 C-W Doppler
		4.3 Plethysmography
	5 Therapeutic Option for Chronic Venous Disease
		5.1 Light Therapy
		5.2 Sclerotherapy
			5.2.1 Sclerotherapy in Small Varicose Vein
			5.2.2 Sclerotherapy in Big Varicose Vein
		5.3 Surgical Therapy
		5.4 Medical Therapy
	6 Chronic Wound
		6.1 Venous Leg Ulcer
		6.2 Deficiency of the Proteins S and C
		6.3 Arterial Ulcer
		6.4 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
		6.5 Wound Secondary to Diabetes Mellitus
		6.6 Vasculitis and Vasculopathy
		6.7 Wounds Secondary to Infective Disease
		6.8 Metabolic Wound
		6.9 Wound Due to Autoimmune Disease
		6.10 Wound Caused by External Factor
			6.10.1 Traumatic Ulcer
			6.10.2 Dermatitis Artefacta
			6.10.3 Berloque Dermatitis
			6.10.4 Pressure Ulcer
			6.10.5 Frostbite
		6.11 Drug-Induced Wound
			6.11.1 Erythema Multiforme Exudativum
			6.11.2 Steven-Johnson Syndrome
			6.11.3 Steven-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
			6.11.4 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
			6.11.5 Warfarin Necrosis
			6.11.6 Steroid-Induced Skin Change
			6.11.7 Second Wound
		6.12 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
		6.13 Wound Caused by Bite
		6.14 Wound in Association with Malignancy
			6.14.1 Lymphoma
			6.14.2 Sarcoma
			6.14.3 Extramammary Paget´s Disease
			6.14.4 Marjolin´s Ulcer
			6.14.5 Acroangiodermatitis (Pseudo-Kaposi Sarcoma)
		6.15 Polycythemia Rubra Vera
		6.16 Cryoglobulinemia
		6.17 Wound Associated with Lymphedema
		6.18 Accessory Cause of Wound
			6.18.1 Pyoderma Gangrenosum
			6.18.2 Pyogenic Granuloma
			6.18.3 Acne
			6.18.4 Prurigo
			6.18.5 Epidermolysis Bullosa
	7 Therapeutic Option for Chronic Wound
		7.1 Prevention of Infection
			7.1.1 Debridement
				7.1.1.0 Necrectomy by Maggot (Biological Necrectomy)
				7.1.1.0 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
			7.1.2 Wound Dressing
				7.1.2.0 Wound Dressing for Necrotic Ulcer
				7.1.2.0 Wound Dressing for Inflammatory Phase (Presence of Fibrin in the Wound Bed)
				7.1.2.0 Wound Dressing for Proliferative Phase (Presence of Granulation Tissue in the Wound Bed)
					7.1.2.0.0 Hydrocolloid
					7.1.2.0.0 Fiber Dressing
					7.1.2.0.0 Foam
					7.1.2.0.0 Hydrocapillary Dressing
				7.1.2.0 Wound Dressing for Maturational Phase (Presence of Granulation Tissue and Epithelialization Tissue)
					7.1.2.0.0 Film
					7.1.2.0.0 Mesh
					7.1.2.0.0 Collagen Dressing
					7.1.2.0.0 Nonresorptive Therapeutic Dressing
					7.1.2.0.0 Hydrobalance Dressing
					7.1.2.0.0 Acrylate Dressing
				7.1.2.0 Wound Dressing for Infected Wound
					7.1.2.0.0 Antimicrobial Dressing
				7.1.2.0 Note Regarding Application of Wound Dressing
	8 Periwound Skin Care
	9 Wound Care
		9.1 Compression Therapy
			9.1.1 Long-Stretch Bandage
			9.1.2 Short-Stretch Adhesive System
			9.1.3 Short-Stretch Nonadhesive System
			9.1.4 Self-Adhesive Short-Stretch Bandage
			9.1.5 Velcro Material
			9.1.6 Compression Garment
		9.2 Other Therapy for Wound Care
			9.2.1 Procedure for Cleaning the Wound
				9.2.1.0 Local Negative Pressure (Vacuum-Assisted Therapy)
			9.2.2 Procedure for Accelerating the Wound Healing Rate
				9.2.2.0 Oxygen
				9.2.2.0 Nonalcoholic Noncytotoxic Film
				9.2.2.0 Photobiomodulation
				9.2.2.0 Electrical Stimulation
				9.2.2.0 Thrombocyte Gel (Platelet-Rich Plasma)
				9.2.2.0 Cutting of the Edge
				9.2.2.0 Skin Graft
				9.2.2.0 Skin Substitute
				9.2.2.0 Systemic Therapy
					9.2.2.0.0 Nutrition
	References
Disorders of Lymphatic Vessels
	1 Introduction
	2 Anatomy of Lymphatic System
		2.1 Lymphatic Vessel
		2.2 Lymph Node
	3 Physiology and Pathophysiology of Lymphatic System
		3.1 Physiology of Lymphatic System
			3.1.1 Blood Vessel, Lymphatic System, and Exchange Process
			3.1.2 Frank-Starling Model
			3.1.3 Michel-Levick Model
		3.2 Pathophysiology of Lymphatic System
			3.2.1 Type of Lymphatic Insufficiency
	4 Classification of Lymphedema
		4.1 Lymphedema Based on Etiology
			4.1.1 Primary Lymphedema
				4.1.1.0 Syndromic Primary Lymphedema
				4.1.1.0 Lymphedema with Overgrowth, Vascular, or Cutaneous Manifestations and Congenital Multisegmental Lymphedema
				4.1.1.0 Congenital Onset Lymphedema
				4.1.1.0 Late-Onset Lymphedema
			4.1.2 Secondary Lymphedema
				4.1.2.0 Secondary Lymphedema Due to Malignant Cause
				4.1.2.0 Secondary Lymphedema Due to Benign Cause
		4.2 Lymphedema Based on Stage
			4.2.1 Stadium I
			4.2.2 Stadium II
			4.2.3 Stadium III
		4.3 Lymphedema Based on Change in Volume
		4.4 Lymphedema Based on the Speed of Appearance
		4.5 Lymphedema Based on the Affected Part of the Extremity
		4.6 Lymphedema Based on Site of Involvement
	5 Clinical Feature of Lymphedema
		5.1 Nature of Edema
		5.2 Stemmer-Kaposi Sign
		5.3 Skin Change in Lymphedematous Site
	6 Lymphatic Malformation (Lymphangioma)
		6.1 Acquired Cutaneous Lymphangiectasia
	7 Axillary Web Syndrome (Axillary Lymphatic Cording)
	8 Complication of Lymphedema
		8.1 Bacterial Infection
		8.2 Fungal and Viral Infection
		8.3 Ingrown Toenail (Unguis Incarnates)
		8.4 Pain
		8.5 Psychosocial Impact
		8.6 Tumor Formation
			8.6.1 Lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves Syndrome)
	9 Differential Diagnosis of Lymphedema
		9.1 Phleboedema
		9.2 Lipedema
		9.3 Obesity
		9.4 Dependent Edema
		9.5 Systemic Edema
			9.5.1 Cardiac Edema
			9.5.2 Renal Edema
			9.5.3 Hepatic Edema
			9.5.4 Myxedema
			9.5.5 Cyclic Edema
		9.6 Drug-Induced Edema
		9.7 Post-traumatic Edema
	10 Diagnostic Procedure
		10.1 Measurement of Edema Volume
			10.1.1 Method of Calculating Extremity Volume from Circumference Measurement
				10.1.1.0 Herpertz Method
				10.1.1.0 Disk Model
				10.1.1.0 Truncated Cone Model
			10.1.2 Water Volumetry and Inverse Water Volumetry
			10.1.3 Optoelectronic Volumetry
		10.2 Measurement of Edema
		10.3 Imaging in Diagnosis of Lymphedema
			10.3.1 Lymphological Lymphatic Imaging
			10.3.2 Non-lymphological Lymphatic Imaging
		10.4 Other Investigational Approach
	11 Treatment of Lymphedema
		11.1 Compression Bandaging
			11.1.1 Short-Stretch Bandage
				11.1.1.0 Sub-Bandage Pressure
				11.1.1.0 Wound Dressing
				11.1.1.0 Padding Material
				11.1.1.0 Type of Short-Stretch Bandage
					11.1.1.0.0 Adhesive Short-Stretch Bandage
					11.1.1.0.0 Nonadhesive Short-Stretch Bandage
					11.1.1.0.0 Self-Adhesive Short-Stretch Bandage
					11.1.1.0.0 Velcro Material
				11.1.1.0 Complication of Bandaging
		11.2 Lymph Drainage
		11.3 Other Support Therapy for Edema Drainage
		11.4 Compression Garment
			11.4.1 Measurement of Compression Garment
				11.4.1.0 Measurement of the Toe
				11.4.1.0 Measurement of the Stocking/Panty
				11.4.1.0 Measurement of the Torso
				11.4.1.0 Measurement of the Sleeve
				11.4.1.0 Measurement of the Compression Glove
			11.4.2 Different Compression Garment
			11.4.3 Complication of Compression Garment
			11.4.4 Change of Compression Garment
		11.5 Surgical Therapy
	References
Index