Atlas of Cardiac Surgery

Foreword
Preface
	A Short History of the Evolution of Cardiac Surgery
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Ischaemic Heart Disease
	1: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
		Procedure
			Preparation
			Distal Anastomoses
			Proximal Anastomoses
		Technical Considerations for Special Situations
			Sequential Grafting
			Conduit Shortage
			The Diseased Ascending Aorta
		Reference
	2: Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
		Operating Room Setup and Preparation
		Anaesthetics
		Surgical Technique
		Sequence of Anastomoses
		Set-up and Positioning
		Conduit Harvest
		Construction of Anastomoses to the Anterior Wall
		Construction of Anastomoses to the Lateral Wall
		Construction of Inferior Wall Anastomoses
		Tips and Tricks
		Postoperative Management
		References
	3: Surgical Treatment of Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect and Free Wall Rupture
		Ventricular Septal Defect
			Scenario 1
			Scenario 2
			Scenario 3
		Free Wall Rupture
		Surgical Approach and Technique
		Ventricular Septal Defect
		Ventricular Free Wall Rupture
		Suggested Reading
	4: Complications of Myocardial Infarction: Papillary Muscle Rupture
		Reference
Part II: Valve Surgery: Aortic Valve Surgery
	5: Timing of Heart Valve Surgery
		Mitral Regurgitation
			Primary Mitral Regurgitation
			Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
		Mitral Stenosis
		Aortic Regurgitation
		Aortic Stenosis
		Tricuspid Regurgitation
			Primary Tricuspid Regurgitation
			Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation
		References
	6: Surgery for Aortic Valve Replacement
		Surgical Techniques
			Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Venting
		Aortic Valve Anatomy
		Aortotomy for the Aortic Valve and Exposure
		Aortic Valve Excision and Debridement
		Further Myocardial Protection
		Aortic Valve Sizing
		Aortic Valve Suture Placement
			Along the Non-coronary Annulus
			Along the Aorto-mitral Curtain
			Below the Left and Right Coronary Ostia
		De-airing, Trans-oesophageal Echocardiogram Assessment and Weaning of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
		References
	7: Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques
		Geometric Consideration for Aortic Root Enlargement
		Nicks Technique
		Manouguian-Nunez Technique
		Konno-Rastan Technique
		Y Technique
		Conclusions
		References
	8: Valve Sparing Aortic Root Replacement
		Surgical Technique
		Post-Operative Care
		Conclusions
		References
	9: Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement
		Surgical Technique: Mini Upper J Sternotomy
			Incision
			Dissection
			Cardiopulmonary Bypass
			Procedure
			Venting
			De-Airing
			Discontinuation of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
			Closure
		Post-Operative Care
		References
Part III: Valve Surgery: Mitral Valve Surgery
	10: Surgical Access to the Mitral Valve
		Positioning of the Patient on the Operating Table
		Surgical Incision
		Exposure of the Mitral Valve
			Standard Left Atriotomy
			Vertical Trans-Septal Bi-Atrial Approach
			Superior Left Atrial Roof Approach
			Horizontal Trans-Septal Bi-Atrial Approach
			Minimal Access Approaches to the Mitral Valve
		Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery
		Suggested Reading
	11: Surgical Correction of Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease
		Type 1 Lesions
		Type 2 Lesions
		Definitions
		Valve Exposure
		The Annulus
		Leaflet Techniques
			Quadrangular Resection of Mural Leaflet
			Sliding Annuloplasty
			Triangular Resection
			Leaflet Height Reduction
			Cordal Replacement
			Commissural Prolapse
			Alfieri Edge-to-Edge Technique
		Annular Decalcification and Reconstruction
			Technique
		Barlow’s Valve
		Endocarditis of the Mitral Valve
		References
	12: Surgery of Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease
		Surgical Techniques
			Mitral Valve Replacement with Sub-Valve Preservation
			Valve Replacement (Insertion)
			Valve Orientation
			Annular Decalcification
			Mitral Valve Reconstruction in Rheumatic Disease
		Reference
	13: Mitral Valve Infective Endocarditis
		Echocardiographical Findings
		Surgical Strategy
		Indications for Surgery
		Leaflet Reconstruction
		Annular Reconstruction
		Comment
		Suggested Reading
Part IV: Valve Surgery: Tricuspid Valve Surgery
	14: Tricuspid Valve Disease Techniques
		Insertion of Annuloplasty Band
		De Vega Technique
		The Clover Leaf Stitch
		Inferior Leaflet Imbrication Stitch
		Anterior Leaflet Augmentation with Pericardium
		Sub Valve Repair Techniques
		References
			Suggested Reading
	15: Tricuspid Valve Replacement
		Suggested Reading
	Untitled
Part V: Surgery of the Aorta
	16: Aortic Arch and Ascending Aorta Replacement
		Replacement of the Aortic Arch
		Replacement of the Ascending Aorta
		Suggested Reading
Part VI: Surgery of the Failing Heart
	17: Cardiopulmonary Transplantation: An Overview
		Heart Transplantation
			Indications
				Ambulatory
				Urgent Inpatient Referral
			Contraindications
			Outcomes
		Lung Transplantation
			Indications
			Contraindications
			Outcomes
		Conclusion
		References
	18: Lung Transplantation
		Procurement
			Special Considerations if Heart Is Retrieved for Transplantation
			Special Considerations in the Donation After Circulatory Death Donors
		Implantation
			Special Considerations in the Presence of Congenital and Iatrogenic Anatomical Anomalies
		References
			Suggested Reading
	19: Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
		Donor Selection
		Preoperative Preparation
		Timing of Surgery
		Recipient Preparation
		Donor Heart Preparation
		Implantation
			Left Atrial Anastomosis
			Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis
			Aortic Anastomosis
			IVC Anastomosis
			SVC Anastomosis
		De-airing and Weaning from CPB
		Special Circumstances
			Bi-atrial Implantation Technique
			Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
		Clinical Outcomes
		Suggested Reading
	20: Heart-Lung Transplantation
		Indications
		Preparation of Recipient
		Donor Heart-Lung Implantation
		Suggested Reading
	21: Mechanical Circulatory Support and DCDD Heart Transplantation
		Mechanical Circulatory Support
			Purpose
			Classification
			Indications
			Implantation of the LVAD
			Complications
		Total Artificial Heart and Biventricular Assisted Devices
		DCD Transplantation
			Different Types of DCD
			The Technique
				General Points of the Donor
				Thoraco-abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion (taNRP)
				Direct Procurement and Preservation (DPP)
		The DCD Donor and Recipient
			The Donor
				Donor Inclusion Criteria
				Donor Exclusion Criteria
			The Recipient
			Absolute Contraindications
			Relative Contraindications
		Ex Situ Machine Perfusion
		Future Directions
		Suggested Reading
Part VII: Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
	22: Pulmonary Endarterectomy Surgery
		Surgical Technique
			Set Up
			Cardiopulmonary Bypass
			Endarterectomy
		Concomitant Procedures
			Separation from CPB
			Closure
		Suggested Reading
Part VIII: Pericardial Disease
	23: Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis
		Surgical Correction
		Suggested Reading
Index